• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2009

In order to illustrate the effects of water temperature inversion on the stratification variation in the South Sea of Korea, water temperature, salinity, and density measured in October and December 1999 by National Fisheries Research and Development Institute were reviewed. In October and December of 1999, temperature inversion occurred mainly between 25m and 75m, and in particular in depth of water, in December temperature inversion layer also was formed in the surface layer. In case of October and December, the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), warm and saline water, was one of motors, and in December, influence of surface cold water was added Although northerly wind prevails in October and December, in October, expanding of the South Korean Coastal Waters (SKCW) towards offshore is not clear, but in December when wind speed is relatively greater than that in October and strength of the TWC become weak, the SKCW spreads towards offshore through the upper layer. Stratification variation was higher along the area where temperature inversion occurred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.20
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2004

Temperature inversion off Wasaka Bay in the East Sea was studied using data measured on a CREAMS cruise in June of 1995 and 1996. Temperature inversion occurred mainly at the upper layer of the thermocline at a depth of no more than 20 m and around the thermal front between the TWC and the coastal waters of Japan. At some stations. temperature inversion had an influence un density inversion, while, in some other stations, high salinity water prevented density inversion.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1992

A survey of CTD casting was taken in April 1991 in the eastern Yellow Sea. The vertical structure of water column consists of the upper mixed warm, the mid cold and the lower warm layers devised clearly by a seasonal thermocline and the temperature inversion. A strongest temperature inversion is found in the southern part of the survey area. Where the low-layer water is $3^{\circ}C$ higher than the mid-layer water. The area of the temperature inversion covers about $100{\;}km{\;}{\times}{\;}100{\;}km$ and it is observed 1.5 month later. The temperature and salinity of the low-layer water shows a core structure in vertical sections and the tongue-like distribution extending from the south to the north, implying that the warm and saline water found in the oceanic front south of the survey area in early spring is advocated to the north over 150 km underneath the Yellow Sea cold water.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2005

The effect of inversion layer on the land and sea breeze near the Gangneung city was investigated. The land and sea breeze occurrence days were selected, and the height and the intensity of inversion layer were calculated with the upper air observational data of the Sokcho Station. The relationships between the temperature variation near the Gangneung and the inflow time, inland penetration and the inflow depth of the land and sea breeze were also analyzed. And the Gangwon Short-range prediction system was verified with the comparison of surface stream line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system with the AWS wind vector data. It was revealed that the inversion layer tended to block the sea breeze, shorten the inland penetration distance and lower the inflow depth, causing the temperature rise. The comparison and analysis of surface steam line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system and the AWS wind vector showed that the system quite well simulated the sea breeze, thus the system could be well utilized in the prediction of land and sea breeze.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2010

In urban area, inversion layer prevents air pollutants from being dispersed. To determine nocturnal inversion characteristics at SookMyung Girls' High School near high-rise residential commercial complex buildings in Seoul, air temperature and humidity data were observed at 10minute interval from December 1st, 2007 to May 2nd, 2008. Temperature-Humidity (T-H) sensors were installed at SMG (SookMyung_Ground) and SMR (SookMyung_Roof), and then these two data were compared, analyzed and examined to illustrate air temperature differences of SMG and SMR. After the analysis, the maximum nocturnal inversion was observed by $3.3^{\circ}C$ at 18:10 on December 26th 2007, at that time the weather condition was clear and weak wind. Nocturnal inversions began 2-3 hours before sunset and it reached maximum inversion just after sunset and continued through nighttime until sunrise or 1-2 hours after sunrise. In terms of seasonal variation nocturnal inversions occurred dominantly in March and April rather than winter season.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this case study is to determine the possibility of Numerical Forecasting of sea fog at West Sea in spring time. For practical method of analyzing the data collected from 24th to 26th March 2003, Numerical Weather Prediction model MM5(Mesoscale Model Version 5) and synoptic field study using synoptic chart, upper level chart, and sea surface temperature were employed. The results of synoptic field analysis summarized that sea fog at West sea in spring is intensified by the inflow of the warm flow from west or southwest, low sea surface temperature to increase the temperature difference between air and sea surface, and inversion layer to disturb the disperse. It appears that the possibility of sea fog forecasting by MM5, in view of the result that the MM5 output is similar to the synoptic fields analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 1994

The climatological study of temperature inversion was conducted at the Tsukuba of Japan during the cold half year, the periods of which were both from October 1981 through March 1982 and from October 1982 through March 1983. Meteorological phenomena were observed to appear both from l0m to 200m above the ground and from the surface to 300hPa. The data collected from those phenomena were analyzed in terms of statistics and investigated from a synoptic point of view. The results are as follow. The dispersion of the surface inversion happens right after sunrise through the whole period. The higher the upper layer is, the later that happens. Up to a height of 200m, the wind speed at a height of 25m has the greatest effect on temperature, but on the other hand the wind speed at a height of l0m has the greatest effect on inversion intensity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2000

Analytical experiments to determine the line-of-sight temperature distribution is conducted by using spectral radiation intensities. For this study, fourteen narrow bands of $25cm^{-1}$ interval in $CO_2\;4.3{\mu}m$ band ($2,050cm^{-1}$ to $2375cm^{-1}$) are selected. The applied system is a one-dimensional gas slab filled with 100% $CO_2$ gas at 1 atm. Two types of temperature profile are tested; parabolic and boundary layer types. Three kinds of radiation calculation are used in the iteration procedure for the temperature inversion; LBL(Line by Line), SNB(Statistical Narrow Band) and WNB(WSGGM. based Narrow Band) models. The LBL solution shows perfect agreement while some error of temperature prediction is caused by radiation modeling error when using SNB and WNB models. The inversion result shows that the WNB model may be used more accurately in spectral remote sensing techniques than the traditional SNB model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.42 no.3 s.333
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2005

The mobility in strained Si inversion layer on $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ is calculated considering a quantum effect(subband energy and wavefunction) in inversion layer and relaxation time approximation. The quantum effect in inversion layer is obtained by using self-consistent calculation of $Schr\ddot{o}dinger$ and Poisson equations. For the relaxation time, intravalley and intervalley scatterings are considered. The result shows that the reason for the enhancement in mobility as Ge mole fraction increases is that the electron mobility in 2-폴드 valleys is about 3 times higher than that of 4-폴드 valleys and most electrons are located in 2-폴드 valleys as Ge mole fraction increases. Meanwhile, for the phonon-limited mobility the fitting to experimental data, Coulomb and surface roughness mobilities are included in total mobility, Deformation potentials are selected for the calculated effective field, temperature, and Ge mole fraction dependent mobilities to be fitted to experimental data, and then upgraded data can be obtained by considering nonparabolicity in Si band structure.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.815-824
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the meteorological characteristics of wintertime high PM10 concentration episodes in Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration has been reduced for the past four years and recorded near or exceeded 100 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (national standard of $PM_{10}$). High concentration episodes in Busan were 6 case, $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was 0.36~0.39(mean 0.55). High $PM_{10}$ concentration occurred during higher air temperature, more solar radiation and sunshine, lower relative humidity, and smaller cloud amount. Synoptically, it also occurred when Busan was in the center or the edge of anticyclone and when sea breeze intruded. An analysis of upper air sounding showed that high $PM_{10}$ concentration occurred when surface inversion layer and upper subsidence inversion layer existed, and when boundary layer depth and vertical mixing coefficient were low. An analysis of backward trajectory of air mass showed that high $PM_{10}$ concentration was largely affected by long range transport considering that it occurs when air mass is intruded from China.