• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1995

1992년부터 1993년까지 수행된 득량만의 양식생산성 향상을 위한 종합적 해양조사의 일환으로 수온과 염분 관측을 실시한 결과 중에서 하계의 자료를 비교 분석하였다. 두 해에 여름철의 기상조건은 서로 대조적이었는데 1992년에는 비가 적고 맑은 날이 많았던데 비해 1993년에는 흐린 날이 많고 강수량 또한 많아 이상저온 현상이 심했다. 이러한 기상의 영향은 만내의 수온과 염분의 분포에 직접적으로 영향을 주었다. 바람이 대체로 약한 여름에는 태양복사에 의한 열 공급과 조류에 의한 연직혼합 및 해수순환에 의한 열 수송에 의해서 수온분포가 결정되는데, 염분분포에는 열 공급 대신에 강수에 의한 담수의 공급이 중요해진다. 서부와 북동부의 천해역이 고온저염수가 분포하여 입구로부터 상류 방향으로 수온은 증가하고 염분이 감소하는 1992년과는 달리 1993년에는 등온선과 등염선이 만의 종축과 평행한 경향이 강하여 많은 강수량과 함께 복사열의 공급이 감소 한데다가 만의 종축 방향으로 흐르는 조류와 항류의 영향이 상대적으로 증가된 결과로 해석된다. 한편, 연직분포에 있어서는 조류가 강한 대조기에는 성층이 파괴되며 소조기에는 성층이 발달하는 현상을 보여주었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2005

Based on the observation on 20, 23 and 26 July 2004, the distributions of temperature, salinity and stratification was investigated in relation to ebb, turn of tide and flood. The results are as follows: I) The high temperature and low saline water with $23.5\~24.0^{\circ}C\;and\;32.4\~33.0psu$ existed at Naro Island. 2) The cold surface water below $21.0^{\circ}C\;and\;33.0\~33.4psu$ appeared in the area near Gae Island and Geumo Island. 3) The cold and saline water, below $24.0^{\circ}C$ at the surface and $17.0^{\circ}C$ near the bottom, $32.8\~33.8psu$ at the surface and $33.8\~34.0psu$ near the bottom, existed in Sori Island. These waters were more saline compared to the South Sea Coastal Water with about 31.8psu. This suggests that the oceanic saline water intruded into the Bottol Bada through the area near Sori Island. The stratification appeared during all the observation periods due to a high solar radiation of $22MJ/m^2$, and a weak wind speed of 2.9m/s on the average while the mean speed of wind in July is around 3.9 m/s. It qualitatively suggested that the stratification was maintained during the observation periods because of a high solar radiation, a weak wind speed and intrusion of saline oceanic water.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2019

The phototrophic dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica is a small suessioid species characterized by a fragile thin wall. Although the morphology of this dinoflagellate is well established, there is currently little information available on its distribution and the environmental factors that influence this distribution. Thus, to investigate the spatial and seasonal distributions of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica in Korean waters, surface water samples were collected on a seasonal basis from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018, and abundances of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, for which we developed the species-specific primer and probe set. Simultaneously, major environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured. The vegetative cells of B. adriatica were detected at 20 of the 28 sampling stations: 19 stations in summer and 6 in autumn, although from no stations in either spring or winter. The ranges of water temperature and salinity at sites where this species was detected were $17.7-26.4^{\circ}C$ and 9.9-34.3, respectively, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate concentrations were not detectable-96.2 and $0.18-2.66{\mu}M$, respectively. Thus, the sites at which this species is found are characterized by a narrow range of temperature, but wide ranges of salinity and concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The highest abundance of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica was $41.7cells\;mL^{-1}$, which was recorded in Jinhae Bay in July 2018. In Jinhae Bay, the abundance of vegetative cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrate, but was negatively correlated with salinity. On the basis of these findings, it appears that the abundance of B. adriatica vegetative cells shows strong seasonality, and in Jinhae Bay, could be affected by the concentrations of nitrate.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1978

Distributions of microplankton in two different regions of the East China Sea were studied based on the plankton samples collected by R. V. Umitaka Maru of Fisheries University of Tokyo, Japan in September, 1975. The abundance distribution and species composition of the two areas were interpreted with their temperature-salinity properties. The two areas aye characterized by differences in the depth of thermocline, the nature of surface and bottom waters, and the abundance and species composition of microplankton.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2022

2020년 8월 한국 남부해역 해양 조사를 통해 수집된 수온, 염분, 용존무기탄소(DIC), 총알칼리도(TA) 자료를 사용해서 표층수의 완충역량을 정량화하였다. 기존의 Revelle 인자의 문제점을 보완한 여섯 가지 완충 인자의 지리적 분포와 변동성을 분석하고, 수문학적 요인인 수온, 염분과의 관계를 논의하였다. 모든 완충인자들은 수괴에 따른 공간적 분포를 보였다: 완충역량은 용승이 발생했던 동해표층혼합수(ESMW)와 남해표층혼합수(SSMW)에서 낮았으며, 황해표층수(YSSW)에서는 중간값을 보였다. 또한 고온인 대마난류수(TWC)와 장강희석수(CDW) 순으로 크게 나타났다. 이는 하계의 장강유출수가 연구해역의 완충역량을 강화하는 것을 의미하며, 높은 수온과 생물학적 생산력, 하계의 성층화에 의한 혼합 약화가 원인으로 판단된다. 수온-완충역량은 수괴와 상관없이 유의한 양의 상관관계(R²=0.79)를 보였으나 염분-완충역량은 약한 음의 상관관계(R²=0.30)를 보였다. 높은 수온은 열역학적 과정인 기체 교환과 탄산계 화학종 분배를 통해 완충역량을 강화한다. 염분의 경우는 연구해역의 표층 염분이 증발이나 강수가 아닌 국지적인 담수의 유입과 용승수와의 혼합에 의해 변하므로 염분과 완충역량의 관계가 역전된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

To obtain the overall distribution patterns and characteristics of the East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW), the historical data obtained by the Japan Maizuru Marine Observatory (MMO) and the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) were analyzed. To obtain water characteristics of the ESIW on isopycnal surfaces, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were interpolated at every 0.01 interval of potential density. And then the interpolated values were averaged at the same potential density. This potential density average method preserved the salinity minimum layer more clearly compared to the depth average method. The potential density(${\sigma}_{\theta}$) range of the ESIW was $26.9{\sim}27.3$. The representative potential density of the ESIW was found to be 27.2, because the characteristics of the ESIW was clear at this density. From the horizontal distributions of physical properties on the isopycnal surface of $27.2{\sigma}_{\theta}$ it is suggested that the low salinity ESIW circulates anticlockwise over the whole basin with the high salinity intermediate water. The low salinity intermediate water extended from the northwestern part to the east along the sub-polar front and to the Ulleung Basin along the east coast of Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2000

To investigate characteristics of water masses and current structures around Noto Peninsula located in south-east coastal region of the East Sea, observation results of CREAMS (Circulations Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) cruise and data report of oceanographic observation (Japan Meteorological Agency) in June, 1995 and 1996 were used. Water mass showing characteristics of Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) exists over the continental shelf. The depth is shallower than 200m and its width and thickness are 190km and 200m, respectively. Minimum level of dissolved oxygen occurred at the layers of maximum salinity. In the current structure, a noteworthy phenomenon is that the positions of the high-salinity water (more than 34.6 psu) match well with the distributions of the southwestward flow. In June of 1995 and June of 1996, a southwestward flow were separated into two parts along line C and line G. Current directions derived from the temperature and salinity match well with the distributions of the geostrophic currents in the vertical sections. The isothermal lines and the isohaline, which exist horizontally along the coastal area of the Japan, change abruptly at the frontal area of the Noto Peninsula, then turn toward the center of the East Sea. The dynamic depth anomalies centering around the region far northwest of the Noto Peninsula were relatively high, compared to those of other regions. The isopycnic surface (sigma-t, 25.8) existed near the surface in the central part of the East Sea, but, at the depth of 100m, the isopycnic surface was found in the coastal waters.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2007

We investigated the longitudinal variations in zooplankton abundances and their related physicochemical properties at nine stations located between $136^{\circ}W$ and $128^{\circ}W$ at $10.5^{\circ}N$ in the northeastern Pacific in summer 2004. Temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll-a (hereafter chl-a) and zooplankton ($>200\;{\mu}m$) were sampled within the depth from the surface to 200 m depth at $1^{\circ}$ longitude intervals. Zooplankton($>200\;{\mu}m$) samples were vertically collected at two depth intervals from surface to 200 m, consisting of surface mixed and lower layers (thermocline$\sim$200 m). Longitudinal distributional pattern of hydrological parameters (especially salinity) was physically influenced by the intensity of westward geostrophic current passage relating to the NEC (North Equatorial Current). Data from the longitudinal survey showed clear zonal distributions in the hydrological parameters(temperature, salinity and nutrients). However, spatial patterns of the chl-a concentrations and zooplankton abundances were mostly independent of the zonal distributions of hydrological parameters. The two peaks of zooplankton abundance in the surface mixed layer were characterized by different controlling factors such as bottom-up control from nutrients to zooplankton ($129^{\circ}W$) and accumulation by increment of friction force and taxonomic interrelationship ($133^{\circ}$ and $134^{\circ}W$). Divergence-related upwelling caused introduction of nutrients into surface waters leading to the increment of chl-a concentration and zooplankton abundances ($129^{\circ}W$). Increased friction force in relation to reduced flow rates of geostrophic currents caused accumulation of zooplankton drifting from eastern stations of study area($133^{\circ}$ and $134^{\circ}W$). Besides, high correlation between immature copepods and carnivorous groups such as chaetognaths and cyclopoids also possibly contributed to the enhanced total abundance of zooplankton in the surface mixed layer (p<0.05). Zooplankton community was divided into three groups (A, B, C) which consecutively included the eastern peak of zooplankton($129^{\circ}W$), the western peak($133^{\circ}$ and $134^{\circ}W$) and high nutrient but low chl-a concentration and zooplankton abundance ($136^{\circ}W$). Moreover, Group B corresponded to the westward movement of low saline waters(<33.6 psu) from 128 to $132^{\circ}W$. In summary, longitudinal distributions of zooplankton community was characterized by three different controlling factors: bottom-up control ($129^{\circ}W$), accumulation by increased friction force and relationships among zooplankton groups ($133^{\circ}$ and $134^{\circ}W$), and mismatch between hydrological parameters and zooplankton in the high nutrient low chlorophyll area ($136^{\circ}W$) during the study period.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

To investigate daily variations of water mass distribution in the west and the east parts of Jeju Island, we implemented observations from June 20 to 22, 1997. (The results are as follows : Temperatures in the east and the west were similar in the surface, but $15.02^{\circ}C$ and $13.8^{\circ}C$ in the bottom, respectively.) In the east and west, the surface and the deep salinities are 33.81, 33.34 and 34.33, 34.11 respectively. The east shows higher temperature and salinity than the west. The distributions of nitrate in the east and the west were very similar in the surface regions.(In the deep regions, however, the east shows higher than the west.) The east shows higher phosphates than the west both in surface and deep regions. The silicate had similar distributions to nitrate. Chlorophyll-a of the west was twice higher than that of the east. The daily variations of temperature and salinity were largest at 30m depth, and pH was not much changed in the depth and the pH in day was higher than that at night. The variations of nutrients were much changed in the depth, and nitrate and phosphate at night were higher than those in day. Daily variations of silicate, however, was not much changed in the observation times. Ratio of N/P in the east and the west were 13 and 16, respectively, so that the west was higher than the east. However the ratios were two times higher both in the east and the west in day, when planktons are more active than at night. Si/P ratio showed little different between day and night and between surface and deep regions. The correlation of nitrogen and phosphorus was high (plus relation), and the correlation of AOU, nitrogen and phosphorus was high(plus relation) in the east, however, not high in the west.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.825-835
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• 1994

1994년 6월${\sim}7$월에 황해의 수질 특성을 조사하였으며, 황해의 수온, 염분, 용존산소, 화학적 산소요구량, 용존무기질소 및 인산인에 관한 분포 특성을 기술하였다. 수온과 염분의 분포를 살펴본 결과, 양자강에서 유입하는 담수는 제주도 주변 해역에까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 용존산소 및 화학적 산소요구량의 분포에 의하면 중국측에 위치한 황해 서부 해역은 한국측에 위치한 황해 동부 해역보다 수질이 악화되어 있었으며, 또한 영양염 농도와 화학적 산소요구량을 이용하여 나타낸 부영양도는 황해 서부 해역에서 높게 나타났다. 따라서 중국으로부터 다량의 오염물질이 황해의 서부 해역으로 유입하는 것으로 보이며, 황해 서부 해역은 적조 발생 잠재력이 높은 것으로 평가되었다.