• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.473-486
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• 2013

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for Paryeongsan Zone in the Dadohaehaesang National Park incorporated in National Park in 2011. To do so, seventy-five plots($100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed plots were divided into six groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; (I) Quercus acutissima community, (II) Q. serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii community, (III) Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, (IV) Q. variabilis community, (V) P. rigida-Q. variabilis-P. densiflora community, (VI) Chamaecyparis obtusa community. The results of vegetation structure analysis were. I, IICommunity, were expected that the deciduous oak trees with deciduous oak trees or Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. III, VCommunity, were expected that the P. densiflora and P. rigida competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. IVCommunity, have expanded the influence of Q. variabilis, but understory will be developed next ecological succession by a high percentage of Machilus thunbergii in frequency of warm-temperate trees. VI Community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community were expected continue. This Chamaecyparis obtusa community is picked thinning Chamaecyparis obtusa as moving purpose of National Park, it will be inducement a plant vegetation succession to the natural forest. Frequency of warm-temperate trees in the Paryeongsan Zone of warm temperate climate zone was a total 9 species, Machilus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Elaeagnus macrophylla, etc.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2006

To investigate the forest structure and to suggest basic data of forest in the Dogabsa Valley area of the Weolchulsan National Park, thirty plots, each size is $100m^2$, were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divided by five groups of Quercus variabilis-Carpinus tschonoskii(I), Pinus densiflora(II), Q. variabilis-P. densiflora(III), Q. variabilis(IV) and Q. aliena-Styrax japonicus community(V). The results of vegetation structure analysis, the forest of Dogabsa Valley area is a transition area of southern part of temperate forest and warm temperate forest zone. The forest is about 40-50-year-old.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2006

A potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Superior) cultivar was grown in aeroponic cultivation system to investigate the effect of root zone cooling in summer. Based on their nutrient uptake, growth responses, and tuberization, the possibilities for potato seed production were determined. Although shoot growth and early tuberization increased in the conventional non-cooling root zone system (root zone temperature of $25\pm2^{\circ}C$), stolen growth, photosynthesis, transpiration rate and number of tubers produced were higher in the cooling root zone system ($20\pm2^{\circ}C$) than in the non-cooling system. Increasing root zone temperature above $25^{\circ}C$ stimulated absorption of K more than T-N, P, Ca, Fe and Mn. On the other hand, root zone temperatures in the range of $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ did not affect Mg contents. The lower uptake and supply to leaves of T-N, Fe and Mn at the high root zone temperature promoted early tuberization and advanced haulm senescence. The results stress the importance of keeping root zone temperature to as low as below 20, particularly in summer under temperate Bone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest of cool temperate zone on Deongnyusan(1,616m) south-eastern part of the Korean Penninsula were investigated from the phytosociological viewpoint. As a result, a bryophyte community was recognized, considering the phytosociological unit of the forest: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Thamnoblyum alopecurum community. This community was interpreted as a counterpart one of the Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Dicranum scoparium-Plagiothecium silvaticum community in the Jiri Mountains, but between the two communities, the species composition was somewhat different. The bryophyte community on the forest floor on Deongnyusan was confirmed as a synusie belonging to the Fraxino-Abietetum koreanae Song 1988. Up to date many investigators have described the coniferous forest distributed above 1,400m on Deongnysan as the forest vegetation of subarctic(=subalpine) zone. However, from the results of the present study, the forest vegetation, a mixed forest, was elucidated to be one of cool temperate zone. Species diversity of the terri-colous bryophyte community on Deongnyusan was very close to that of the communities of the similar type in the Jiri Mountains. The taxa of the bryophyte community was composed of 19 families,25 genera and 38 species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Forest disturbance sometime considered as a tool of management as it believed that mid level disturbance constructs better micro-climatic conditions which ultimately boost up the plant diversity. The effect of different levels of disturbance on species composition and regeneration is very important. Present attempt was carried out in a temperate evergreen oak forest which was under various degree of disturbance. The study area is one of the large ranges of oak forest in Garhwal Himalaya and compensating various types of daily needs of local people. On the basis of IVI values Quercus leucotrichophora holds first position in all the disturbance zones whereas Myrica esculenta upgraded it's rank in highly disturbed zone and showed less impacted species by disturbance. Berberis aristata and Eupatorium adenophorum in shrub layer and Anaphalis adnata and Bidens pilosa in herb layer were found as disturbance friendly species because they attained higher rank in highly disturbed zone whereas Caryopteris foetida was found disturbance-sensitive in shrub layer. The banj oak regenerated well under mid disturbance as compared to no and high degree of disturbance and a sharp downfall in the species diversity was recorded with increasing magnitude of disturbance. Density-diameter curves showed a reverse trend of lower density in higher girth classes. The results of the study should be useful for the forest management strategies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1995

This study was conducted to clarify not only the phytogeographical distribution but also species characteristics of Korean-native Anacardiaceae. 6 species of I genus were ascertained from herbarium specimens and field survey of natural population. Rhus verniciflua have been mainly cultivated in Wonju region, Kangwon-do and Hamyang region, Kyeongsangnam-do, could be cultivated in all parts of Korea, especially more in cold area. R. trichocarpa was distributed in all parts except for some far-islands of South in Korea. Petiole was especially reddish. Fruits are matured in June-July, and have stiff trichomes. R. sylvestris was widely distributed in the subtropical-temperate and temperate zone, and mainly distributed in the seashore and islands under 36$^{\circ}$ in Korea. Leaflets and petiole was reddish, and fruits were glabrous. R succedanea was only distributed in Jeju-do and several islands which is subtropical zone in Korea. Leaflets were lanceolate to oblong, characterized by little trichomes. R.chinensis is a ubiquitous tree which is widely distributed in the temperate zone, in Korea, and ranged perpendicularly to 800-900m. Inflorescense was characterized by apical site. Fruit was covered with dense short hairs and sometimes milky latex. R. ambigua was only distributed in subtropical zone, native in Kwang-do and Sangbaek-do, Yeochon-gun, Chunlanam-do in Korea. Especially, this species was a vine, trifoliolate and most poisonous. Leaflets were coriaceous, glabrous, and revolute type.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop assessment model for the optimal site prediction of Dendropanax morbifera, Evergreen broad-leaved trees in warm temperate zone according to climate change. It was created criterion for assessment model of the optimal site prediction by quantification method to possible analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, through study relationship between growth of tree and site environmental factors. A program of the optimal site prediction was developed using program version 3.2, an Avenue and Dialog Designer tool of ESRI as GIS(geographic information system) engine. Developed program applied to test accuracy of the optimal site prediction in study area of Wando, Jeollanam-do, having a various evergreen broad-leaved trees of warm temperate zone. In the results from analysis of the optimal site prediction on Dendropanax morbifera, the characteristics of optimal site were analyzed site environmental features with 401~500m of altitude, $15^{\circ}$ of slope, hillside of local topography, alluvium of deposit type, convex of slope type and south of aspect. The mapping area per grade of the optimal site prediction in the Dendropanax morbifera showed 1,487.2ha(25.4%) of class I, 1,020.3ha(17.4%) of class II, 2,231.8ha(38.2%) of class III and 1,110.5ha(19.0%) of class IV.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.573-580
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• 2006

A sediment core from the Cheollipo arboretum ($36^{\circ}$ 47' 57'N, $126^{\circ}$ 09' 04') was studied for pollen analysis in order to reconstruct postglacial vegetational change and environmental changes around the central western region of the Korean Peninsula. The record shows four pollen assemblage zones: Zone CHL-I, Quercus stage (ca. 9,300$\sim$6,200 yr BP): zone CHL-II, Quercus-Pinus stage (ca. 6,200$\sim$4,600 yr BP); zone CHL- III, Pinus-Quercus stage (ca. 4,600$\sim$1,160 yr BP): zone CHL-IV and Pinus stage (ca. 1,160 yr BP-present). During the 9,300$\sim$8,500 yr BP, the early Holocene, researchers have guessed a piece of cool-temperate norihern/altimontane mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Between 8,500$\sim$4,600 yr BP the Quercus dominated the landscape of study area and the established dates of this typical cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation might be ca. 6500 yr BP, and then the Pinus developed around the site at ca. 5,700 yr BP. The abrupt increase of Pinus and NAP (non-arboreal pollen) after ca. 1,100 yr BP indicates the vegetation changes due to human activities. From the dynamics of the Chenopodiaceae pollen indicating salt marsh and freshwater pollen flora such as Typha, Trapa, Nymphoides and so forth, we suggest that the tidal flat was altered into freshwater lake around 6,500 yr BP.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Actinotrichia is a calcified galaxauracean red algal genus with temperate and tropical distributions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Morphological characteristics, along with rbcL and cox1 sequences, were analyzed from specimens collected in the western Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Both rbcL and cox1 data confirmed the occurrence of A. fragilis, A. robusta, and Actinotrichia sp. in this region. The presence of A. fragilis was verified in tropical Indo-Pacific and temperate northeast Asian waters and was characterized by high genetic diversity. Although A. robusta commonly occurs in the East China Sea, we confirmed its presence on rocks and crustose algae in the subtidal zone of three islands in the Andaman Sea. Actinotrichia sp. was similar to A. calcea in morphology and distribution, but with sufficiently different sequences, thus, additional sampling over the range will enable a more realistic evaluation of its taxonomic status.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2012

This study aims at classifying and analyzing the vegetation structure of Castanopsis sieboldii forest, one of the evergreen broad-leaved forests found under the warm-temperate climate of Korea. It is also compared with the ones of the Castanopsis sieboldii forest in Japan where most similar such forest of Korea, to find unique vegetation structures of the only Korean forest. Vegetation structure of Korean Castanopsis sieboldii forest was divided into two units at the level of community units both of Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community and Ardisio-Castanopsietum sieboldii association. The association carries similar type with the vegetation system of Japan, but any subunits differentiated with the Japan were found vary much. Hierarchical cluster analysis brings in similar result with the analysis on the vegetation structure as well.