• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.569-573
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the preference test of green tea drinks against Americans lived in New York, Atlanta, Chicago and Sanfrancisco area. $40.8\%$ of the respondents had high preference on packaging. The design($33.3\%$) and color($40.5\%$) of green tea packaging was ranted in ${\lceil}$excellent${\rfl}$. However, the odor and flavor of green tea showed low preference. $60.6\%$ of the respondents and $70.3\%$ teenage had high preference in overall acceptability of green tea. On the basis of this result, green tea could be developed far the exyort product in USA.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.477-487
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• 2017

This study is for empirical analyzing the ethical contents in using social media, such as what kind of ethical responsibility do the teenage users have, how do they recognize the ethical concept in producing or sharing the information and how these ethical factors affect their behavior of social media uses. After survey with the structured questionnaire, statistical analyses with available 227 cases are processed. As a result, there are 4 ethical factors in using social media which as included 'privacy', 'copyright', 'fullness', 'accuracy', 'truth-telling', 'fairness', 'relief of harmful effect', 'credibility', 'objectivity', 'impartiality', included 'moderation', 'respect', 'autonomy', 'control', 'care of mischief', included 'interactivity', 'multiplicity', 'anonymity', 'divergence', 'social community', included 'transparency', 'openness'. All these ethical factors are positive correlated to the level of social media users' opinion expression, opinion support, information leading, information searching. Especially, is the most effective factor to social media users' behavior.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2012

Purpose: Statistical analysis of facial bone fractures has been performed in various papers. However, reports on risk factors for facial bone fractures are rare. In order to prevent facial bone fractures, it is important to determine the risk factors for their occurrence. This study seeks to perform a statistical analysis on and identify the risk factors associated with facial bone fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to assess facial bone fractures in patients presenting from October 2009 to January 2011 through a chart review. The data collected included age, gender, etiology, and alcohol consumption. Data was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and SAS ver. 9.2 was used. Results: A total of 489 patients were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 2 to 85 years (mean age, $31.8{\pm}15.4$ years). The ratio of men to women was 5.0:1. The predominant group was age below 19 years old (30.9%). The main causes of facial bone fractures were assaults (37.8%), falls (27.2%), and sport accidents (19.5%). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, especially in the teen group was associated with assaults (p<0.05) resulting in facial bone fractures. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with assaults and falls (p<0.05) leading to facial bone fractures. Conclusion: Facial bone fracture is a challenging problem, because of its high incidence and financial cost. The findings of this study indicate that more effective policies aimed at reducing alcohol intake and teenage violence are needed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to configure the spaces and elements of the roof-garden plan that users regard as important, and to investigate their preferred spaces and facilities, ultimately providing basic information for the planning of user-directed roof gardens for local residents. A questionnaire survey was used as the research method, targeting roof-garden users in the L department store of Jeollabuk-do. A total of 225 people responded to the questionnaire, and 223 of them were used for this study. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS ver.18.0, using frequency, percentage, t-test, and one way ANOVA. The respondents preferred rest space the most, followed by the convenient space, landscaping and green space, and play and exercise space. Teenage students preferred the pool and artificial spaces, such as a fountain, and planned convenient spaces and rest spaces, such as a playground. Cafes and restaurants, chairs and tables, and walking trails should be considered for single women in their twenties. Due to the high population of married couples in their thirties, the preference for play facilities and safety facilities was higher than in other groups. The well-educated population in their forties, when viewed from their preference for landscaping and green space, requires the opportunity to rest in nature. The results of this study cannot be generalized since the study was directed at roof-garden users in a department store in Jeollabuk-do. However, it is possible to provide specific information about the user-directed roof-garden plan, since the study was analyzed together with various user variables.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the current status and to suggest future directions for health management of teenagers who use healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits while reducing and preventing obesity. Methods: A total of 29 students (16 middle school students and 13 high school students) took part in the interview for this study, and the interview was conducted for each school's focus group by using qualitative research methodology. Results: The current status of using healthy school tuck shops and suggested future directions were divided into two categories. Personal barriers such as discrepancies between personal perceptions and behaviors and lack of food choice suitable to individual tastes can be solved by rebuilding the operating system to provide intuitive promotion of behavior and customized products through improvements in existing products and new product development. A lack of consistent management from low utilization convenience and difficulty in maintaining a constant purchase price can be handled by establishing a solution to restricted physical access for products, as well as seeking profit by improving distribution costs via continuous cooperation between the school and community. Conclusions: Continuous funding and a system that reflects the needs and preferences of healthy school tuck shop users should be applied for sustainable operation of healthy school tuck shops to improve teenagers' eating habits.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.26
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2011

Objects: The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades globally. The objective of the present study is to elucidate whether hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status interact for bronchial hyperreactivity during teenage years. Method: We studied 522 children age 13-14 years attending schools in rural and urban areas to investigate the risk factors for bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), defined as a provocation concentration of methacholine that causes a decrease of 20% ($PC_{20}$) in forced expiratory volume within 1 second. Clinical examination, skin prick test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge were performed on all study subjects, who provided written consent. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the risk factors for BHR, and analyze the interaction between hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status. Results: Forty-six (10.3%) positive BHR cases were identified. In the multivariate logistic analysis, as independent predictors of BHR, adjusted odds ratio of bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age in low income families was 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 135.0), compared to reference group, controlling for age, gender, parental allergy history, skin prick test, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Interaction was observed between bronchiolitis before 2 years old and low socioeconomic status on children's bronchial hyperreactivity (p-interaction=0.025). Conclusions: This study showed that bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age and low socioeconomic status interacted on children's bronchial hyperreactivity. Prevention of acute respiratory infection in early childhood in low socioeconomic status is important to prevent BHR as a precursor of asthma.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.309-311
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• 2011

Seroepidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Jeju island was surveyed and evaluated by ELISA with crude extract of Toxoplasma gondii. The sera of 2,348 residents (male 1,157 and female 1,191) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers, which showed 13.2% positive rate (309 sera). The positive rates were increasing gradually according to the age from 4.3% in teenage to 20.6% in seventies. The positive rates were significantly different between the sex by 16.2% for male and 10.2% for female (P<0.05). This positive rate of toxoplasmosis in Jeju island residents is regarded relatively higher than any other regions of Korea. And the high positive rate may be maintained continuously among Jeju island residents without any clear reasons until now but due to some parts peculiar socio-cultural tradition of Jeju island. Therefore, it is necessary to study further the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis of Jeju island.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed that the functionality of teenage school girl cosmetics to improve the performance of the new product development and efficient production of information, analysis and policy analysis system for the SNS. The proposed system functional cosmetics of high school girls on the SNS efficient algorithms to analyze the content and methodology proposed to maximize the throughput of the system, to minimize the execution time of each task. In addition, functional cosmetics of high school girls in the state by identifying the symbols, the analytical results in the development and production of products to reflect propose a visual methodology. Therefore, the proposed system only in cosmetics, as well as an analysis similar to rapidly changing consumer preferences in the manufacturing sector can be applied in various ways.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.115-124
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of beauty information in the SNS environment and consumer attitudes and loyalty of high school students. The subjects of this study were high school students residing in Gwangju, and a total of 375 copies were used for the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V.21.0 program. Summarizing the study results, interactivity and usefulness were key factors in the relationship between beauty information characteristics and high school students' attitude and loyalty in the SNS environment, and information provision, playfulness, and vitality were derived as major factors. Based on the above result rule, it is expected that it will be used as a data for presenting the direction for collecting the correct information in the SNS use of teenage consumers and establishing marketing strategies for beauty companies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

This study identifies influential factors in regards to the purchase of celebrity fashion hot items and compares these factors in the age groups of teens and twenties. This study surveyed male and female consumers aged 10-20 years old for empirical analysis in July 2018. The study surveyed 322 consumers selected through online convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 19.0, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, ${\chi}^2$ analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and t-test. The results were as follows. First, 87.6% of consumer have purchased celebrity fashion hot items more than once. In particular, female consumers in their 20s with a high fashion product expenditure tend to purchase more celebrity fashion hot items. Clothes and shoes were purchased more by 10-year-old males, shoes for males in their 20s, accessories for 10-year-old females female, and bags and accessories for female in their 20s. Second, there were no significant differences for those aged 10-20 years old in purchase satisfaction for celebrity fashion hot items according to age, gender, income, and fashion product expenditure. Consumers' awareness on corporate marketing intention to celebrity fashion hot items was higher among women in their 20s than men in their teens and twenties; in addition, the expenditure on fashion products also increased. Third, factors affecting the purchase of celebrity fashion hot items among teens and twenties were different according to age and gender. A higher need for identification for teenage male resulted in: lower media dependency, higher product involvement, fashion conformity, fashion innovativeness for 20s males, higher product involvement for 10s and 20s females, increased intention to purchase tended. This study provides consumer information and fashion item information that can be utilized in advertisement and promotion strategies for fashion companies that seek to perform celebrity marketing strategies that target consumers aged 10-20 years old.