• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1388-1396
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• 2011

This paper is focused on the procedure of the development of a micro air vehicle which has vertical take-off and landing capability for indoor reconnaissance mission. Trade studies on mission feasibility led to the proposal of a coaxial rotorcraft configuration as the platform. The survey to provide a guide for preliminary design were conducted based on commercial off-the-shelf platform, and the rotor performance was estimated by the simple momentum theory. To determine the initial size of the micro air vehicle, the modified conventional fuel balance method was applied to adopt for electric powered vehicle, and the sizing problem was optimized with the sequential quadratic programming method using MATLAB. The designed rotor blades were fabricated with high strength carbon composite material and integrated with the platform. The developed coaxial rotorcraft micro air vehicle shows stable handling quality with manual flight test in indoor situation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 2021

Business ecosystem is becoming more inclined towards platform ecosystem, which attracts multi-side participants based on digital technology. The burgeoning interest in digital ecosystem leads to the rapid rise of research. In this paper, we suggest a research agenda, focusing on the benefits of complementors in platform ecosystem. First, we outline the extant papers on benefits from platform to participants from economic perspective, strategic management perspective, technology management perspective, and economic sociological perspective to provide comprehensive understanding about platform ecosystem. Second, we suggest systemic framework to provide integrative insights on the the topic of benefit from platform to complementors- (1) open innovation view, (2) economic performance view, and (3) sociological view. Specifically, we focus on empirical studies that investigate the relationship between the benefits from platform and spillover effects on complementors based on various dataset. In addition, by reviewing the past empirical research, we suggest future research agenda and implications for policy in platform ecosystem.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the diffusion period and productivity of smartwork in an organization. Firms are increasingly interested in smartwork for non contact work and working from home because of the corona 19. The smartwork is a new technology that changes face-to-face work in an organization. It helps the work of individuals and organizations regardless of time and place. The theoretical background describes the complexity, system thinking, diffusion theory, smart work, organizational resistance, and productivity. This study analyzes the diffusion period and productivity of smart work through business simulation techniques. A simulation study progresses four stages. There are problem definition, hypothesis establishment and causal loop diagram, model construction and verification, and policy evaluation. The simulation models contain an individual's resistance variables organizational investment and leadership variables related to the operation of smartwork. The organizational investment variables include organizational culture, legal system, implement systems and technology investment. The individual resistance variables include cognitive, attitude, structure and technological resistance. The leadership includes leadership interest variables and performance linkage variables. The simulation executed the changes of a people number adopting smart work and the organizational productivity monthly. As a result of the simulation, many organization members have accepted the smart work innovation after 20 months. The organizational productivity through smart work showed very high value after 16 months. In scenario analysis, the individuals' awareness and attitude resistance showed very important variables to productivity and a personal change of smart work adoption. Meanwhile, The organizational investment showed that the high driving-force increased not productivity and the low driving-force showed decreased low productivity. Also, leadership variables showed a powerful driver for changing smart work productivity. The implication of the study has suggested extending complexity, diffusion theory and organization resistance theory based on simulation methods.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the Cu bioavailability, growth response, digestibility of nutrients, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks fed CuSO4 in nano or common forms. A total of 720 broiler chickens were distributed between eight treatments according to a completely randomized design. There were 8 treatments and 6 replicates in each treatment with 15 birds/replicate. The treatments were divided into common copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (INO) and hot-melt extruded copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (HME-Cu). The experiment was operated for 35 days in 2 phases (phase 1, d 0 to 14; and phase 2, d 15 to 35). No significant differences were shown in growth performance, feed intake, FCR, and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. The concentration of Cu in the serum was increased in the HME-Cu broilers compared with the INO broilers at phase 2. A linear increase was observed in the concentration of Cu in the liver in broilers fed INO diets, however, no significant differences were observed by the supplementation of HME-Cu levels. The linear increase was detected in the content of Cu in excreta in the INO and HME-Cu treatments by increasing the dietary Cu content. The HME-Cu treatments showed a lower Cu concentration in the excreta compared with the INO treatments. The higher bioavailability of Cu in HME form can decrease the recommended dose of Cu in broiler diets.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement directions by analyzing the meaning of the 2022 revised curriculum. Research methods include literature research, surveys, and interviews. The conclusion is as follows. First, The background of the promotion has been revised to cultivate the competencies necessary for the future society and to strengthen the learner-tailored education. Second, what characterizes the 2022 revised curriculum is that it is being created in collaboration with people as a future-oriented curriculum for the first time in history. Third, the implementation of the 2022 revised curriculum is being directed towards individuality and diversity, decentralization and autonomy, digitally based education, and public performance and accountability. Fourth, the principal contents are curriculum innovation in response to future changes, cultivating community values and capacity building for learners, strengthening education for elementary, middle, and high school students to develop digital and AI literacy, and strengthening the curriculum for all.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2024

This paper explores the use of machine learning in game production to create goal-oriented, realistic animations for skeleton monsters. The purpose of this research is to enhance realism by implementing intelligent movements in monsters within game development. To achieve this, we designed and implemented a learning model for skeleton monsters using reinforcement learning algorithms. During the machine learning process, various reward conditions were established, including the monster's speed, direction, leg movements, and goal contact. The use of configurable joints introduced physical constraints. The experimental method validated performance through seven statistical graphs generated using machine learning methods. The results demonstrated that the developed model allows skeleton monsters to move to their target points efficiently and with natural animation. This paper has implemented a method for creating game monster animations using machine learning, which can be applied in various gaming environments in the future. The year 2024 is expected to bring expanded innovation in the gaming industry. Currently, advancements in technology such as virtual reality, AI, and cloud computing are redefining the sector, providing new experiences and various opportunities. Innovative content optimized for this period is needed to offer new gaming experiences. A high level of interaction and realism, along with the immersion and fun it induces, must be established as the foundation for the environment in which these can be implemented. Recent advancements in AI technology are significantly impacting the gaming industry. By applying many elements necessary for game development, AI can efficiently optimize the game production environment. Through this research, We demonstrate that the application of machine learning to Unity and game engines in game development can contribute to creating more dynamic and realistic game environments. To ensure that VR gaming does not end as a mere craze, we propose new methods in this study to enhance realism and immersion, thereby increasing enjoyment for continuous user engagement.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-206
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• 2006

Recently, the notion of "increasing returns" has been popular not only in academia but also in industries. This notion has been drawn from prior research on network effects, which showed that the market evolution would lock in to a dominant technology. However, the long history of technological change has rarely shown the possibility of lock-in to an inferior technology. How could the market with network effects make transition between incompatible technologies regimes by escaping the lock-in? This paper analyzes the effectiveness of R&D and technological choice to investigate the sources of the dynamic capabilities in the presence of network effects and uncertain technological progress. Why does the market sometimes work against a radical technology, and why, at other times, does the market operate in favor of it? This study is to address this question by modeling the situation of two competing technologies in the presence of network effects. The numerical analysis indicates that the evolution strategy of compatibility is more likely to increase the chance of firm growth when a majority of customers are not power users or when demand for an old technology has been escalated. But when there are a substantial number of power users or when a new technology emerges before such an escalation of demand, the revolution strategy of compelling performance is more likely to be effective. The result suggests a potential mechanism for overcoming the lock-in problem. When the market exhibits some inertia to an obsolete technology, which is reinforced by the increasing customer value with respect to backward compatibility, the survival of a new technology depends on power users. When many power users are cultivated by firms' technological efforts regarding the new technology, the market is less likely to lock into an obsolete technology. Indeed, in the workstation market, where power users characterize much of the demand, innovators like Sun successfully switched to the RISC architecture.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.87-100
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• 2001

IETF has proposed integrated services model(Int-Serv) and differentiated service(Diff-Serv) to supply IP QoS in Internet[1][2]. Int-Serv model uses state information of each IP flow, so satisfies QoS according to traffic characteristics, but increases the amount of flow state information with increasing flow number. Diff-Serv uses PHP(Per Hop Behaviour) and there are well-defined classes to provide differentiated traffics with different services according to delay and loss sensitivity. Diff-Serv model can provide diverse services in Internet because of having no the state and signal information of each flow. As MPLS uses the packet forwarding technology based on label, it implements the forwarding engine of high performance easily. The MPLS can set up the path having different and variable bandwidth and assign each path to particular CoS (Class of Service). Therefore it is possible to support the Diff-Serv model of well- defined classes that can provide the differentiated traffic with different services according to delay and loss sensitivity in IP QoS models of IETF. In this paper we propose a scheme that can accommodate Diff-Serv model to provide QoS. The system performance has been estimated by scheduling plan according to traffic classes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product on growth performance, blood characteristics, meat quality and ginsenoside concentration of meat in finishing pigs. Forty-eight pigs(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 76.26±1.06kg average initial body weight) were used in 49d growth assay. Dietary treatments were included 1) CON(basal diet), 2) FWG1(basal diet+2.5% fermented wild-ginseng cultures by-product) and 3) FWG2(basal diet+5.0% fermented wild-ginseng cultures by-product). The pigs were allotted into four pigs per pen with four replicate pens per treatment by completely randomized design. No differences were found among treatments for ADG, ADFI and gain/feed from 0day to 49day of the experiment(P>0.05). Dry matter digestibility was greater in FWG1 treatment than CON treatment(P<0.05). In cholesterol concentration of blood, HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in CON treatment than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). In meat quality, TBARS was significantly lower in FWG1 and FWG2 treatments than CON treatment(P<0.05). In sensory evaluation, Marbling was significantly higher in CON treatment than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). Firmness in FWG2 and CON treatments was higher than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). In meat color, L*-value of longissmus dorsi muscle was increased in FWG1 treatment compared to CON and FWG2 treatments(P<0.05). a* and b*-value of longissmus dorsi muscle were increased in CON and FWG1 treatments compared to FWG2 treatment (P<0.05). Ginsenoside concentration of meat was significantly higher in FWG2 treatment than CON treatment(P<0.05). In conclusion, fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product was effective for improving dry matter, TBARS, firmness, meat color and ginsenoside concentration of meat in finishing pigs.