• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.955-968
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• 2021

A water resource plan is routinely based on a natural flow and can be estimated using observed streamflow data or a long-term continuous rainfall-runoff model. However, the watershed with the natural flow is very limited to the upstream area of the dam. In particular, for the ungauged watershed, a rainfall-runoff model is established for the gauged watershed, and the model is then applied to the ungauged watershed by transferring the associated parameters. In this study, the GR4J rainfall-runoff model is mainly used to regionalize the parameters that are estimated from the 14 dam watershed via an optimization process. In terms of optimizing the parameters, the Bayesian approach was applied to consider the uncertainty of parameters quantitatively, and a number of parameter samples obtained from the posterior distribution were used for the regionalization. Here, the relationship between the estimated parameters and the topographical factors was first identified, and the dependencies between them are effectively modeled by a Copula function approach to obtain the regionalized parameters. The predicted streamflow with the use of regionalized parameters showed a good agreement with that of the observed with a correlation of about 0.8. It was found that the proposed regionalized framework is able to effectively simulate streamflow for the ungauged watersheds by the use of the regionalized parameters, along with the associated uncertainty, informed by the basin characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2022

In this study, the monthly airborne chlorides flying into the offshore bridges were investigated depending on the sea level. The target structures were 9 bridges located on the western and southern coast of South Korea. The airborne chlorides were measured at different sea levels on each bridge every month during 1 year. The results showed that the strongest seasonal wind from the northwest in winter expecially have led increase of the airborne chlorides, and its effect was more significant in the western coast than the southern coast. It was also found that the airborne chlorides declined with the increase of sea level. Three types of curves were suggested for analyzing the decrease trend with the sea level, based on the airborne chlorides at the lowest measurement height of main tower. The trend was varied depending on the sea area, and even in the same sea area, the local topographic condition affected the airborne chlorides. It means that the location and local topography should be considered simultaneously for durability management in the framework of the chloride source, and then the influence of the chloride source should be classified, e.g. safe and dangerous. From these results, it is expected that it could be used as baseline data for the evaluation of the deterioration environment in the Detailed guidelines for safety and maintenance of facilities [Performance evaluation]_Bridge.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

As the incidence and mortality of serious disasters in the construction industry are the highest, various efforts are being made in Korea to reduce them. Among them, risk assessment is used as data for disaster reduction measures and evaluation of risk factors at the construction stage. However, the existing risk assessment involves the subjectivity of the performer and is vulnerable to the domestic construction site. This study established a DB classification system for risk assessment with the aim of early identification and pre-removal of risks by quantitatively deriving risk factors using BIM in the risk assessment field and presents a methodology for risk assessment using BIM. Through this, prior removal of risks increases the safety of construction workers and reduces additional costs in the field of safety management. In addition, since it can be applied to new construction methods, it improves the understanding of project participants and becomes a tool for communication. This study proposes a framework for deriving quantitative risks based on BIM, and will be used as a base technology in the field of risk assessment using BIM in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.749-759
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• 2022

The paradigm of water cycle management in the watershed is changing due to the increase in abnormal climate phenomena caused by climate change and the increase in impervious area due to urbanization. Research is continuously underway based on Low Impact Development technology that can suppress water cycle distortion. In this study, factors that can reflect water cycle distortion were selected before applying LID, and the PSR index for each 148 watershed was calculated for the the Nakdonggang River basin. As of 1975, the PSR index is calculated by calculating the pressure index P, which represents the rate of change in impervious surface area to 2019, the phenomenon index S, which represents the rate of change in water cycle for each subwatershed, and the Low Impact Development area countermeasure index R. The lower PSR index value, the higher the priority management watershed, and the water cycle recovery priority management watershed was calculated in the order of 1, 2, 87, 90, 91, and 147. It is expected that the efficient application of low-impact development factors in accordance with the order of priority management of water cycle by subwatershed in the large area will contribute to the recovery of water cycle distortion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Since the early 20th century, along with the interest and development of alternative psychotherapy, the field of art therapy has also been developed and expanded. In particular, the recent development of technology and the untact era brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic is accelerating the development of new digital art therapy contents. Among them, the hot interest in virtual reality is raising expectations and questions about the effectiveness of psychotherapy given by new media beyond traditional art therapy. In this study, the characteristics of VRAT (Virtual Reality Art Therapy) content therapeutic factors were investigated through qualitative literature analysis based on the conceptual framework and therapeutic components of ETC (Expressive Therapies Continumm), an integrated art therapy theory. As a result of the study, VRAT contents showed mostly therapeutic factors in the left hemisphere that triggered the user's dynamic, perceptual, and cognitive factors, and the therapeutic factors in the right hemisphere, which focused on sensory, emotional, and symbolic factors, were relatively few. The reason seems to be due to the nature of the experimental stage, the absence of active intervention by the therapist and long-term session composition, and the fear, clumsiness, and unfamiliarity of users about VRAT in addition to the characteristics and technical limitations of the VRAT medium. The limitations of the study include the small number of documents to be analyzed and the insufficient form of current VRAT to be called art therapy. It is expected that the characteristics of the therapeutic factors of VRAT content media and environment derived as a result of this study will be usefully used for the appropriate development of VRAT content in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.87-101
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• 2022

Cyber-attacks occur in the blink of an eye in cyberspace, and the damage is increasing all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a cyber common operational picture that can grasp the various assets belonging to the 3rd layer of cyberspace from various perspectives. By applying the method for grasping battlefield information used by the military, it is possible to achieve optimal cyberspace situational awareness. Therefore, in this study, the visualization screens necessary for the cyber common operational picture are identified and the criteria (response speed, user interface, object symbol, object size) are investigated. After that, the framework is designed by applying the identified and investigated items, and the visualization screens are implemented accordingly. Finally, among the criteria investigated by the visualization screen, an experiment is conducted on the response speed that cannot be recognized by a photograph. As a result, all the implemented visualization screens met the standard for response speed. Such research helps commanders and security officers to build a cyber common operational picture to prepare for cyber-attacks.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

This paper presents an improved computational framework for the direct-solution-based finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI) algorithm. The FETI-local algorithm is further improved herein, and localized Lagrange multipliers are used to define the interface among its subdomains. Selective inverse entry computation, using a property of the Boolean matrix, is employed for the computation of the subdomain interface stiffness and load, in which the original FETI-local algorithm requires a full matrix inverse computation of a high computational cost. In the global interface computation step, the original serial computation is replaced by a parallel multi-frontal method. The performance of the improved FETI-local algorithm was evaluated using a numerical example with 64 million degrees of freedom (DOFs). The computational time was reduced by up to 97.8% compared to that of the original algorithm. In addition, further stable and improved scalability was obtained in terms of a speed-up indicator. Furthermore, a performance comparison was conducted to evaluate the differences between the proposed algorithm and commercial software ANSYS using a large-scale computation with 432 million DOFs. Although ANSYS is superior in terms of computational time, the proposed algorithm has an advantage in terms of the speed-up increase per processor increase.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2022

SRFC (Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission) requested to the ITLOS (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea) an advisory opinion relating to the IUU (Illegl, Unreported, and Unregulated) fishing (Case No-21 of the ITLOS). Since, in the UNCLOS, there is no article authorizing the jurisdiction of the ITLOS full court's Advisory opinion, so various scholarly opinion wad divided. But ITLOS delivered its Advisory opinion confirming its jurisdictional competence over the Advisory proceedings with its legal opinion about the IUU issues. It opens new possibility of the alternative dispute settlement mechanism of the ITLOS through the advisory procedures. In reality, there has been a view that ICJ (International Court of Justice) could take the part of a kind of dispute settlement through its Advisory procedures. But the advisory procedures of the ITLOS, with no definite clause in UNCLOS about the advisory procedures, which provides more allowances for the function of advisory opinion as the alternative dispute settlement mechanism. ITLOS accepted the requests of the advisory opinion by the State parties through international organization or themselves directly. And the advisory opinion of the ITLOS aims the interpretation and application into the special issues-specially IUU fishing in Case No. 21 of the ITLOS-. Those factors could enable more enhanced role of the ITLOS as an alternative dispute settlement mechanism. But those possibility has contain risk of excessive and unlimited advisory role of the ITLOS. So it is important to focus on the restriction on the role of the State parties in the request of the advisory opinion to the ITLOS. In this regard it is meaningful that the ITLOS has suggested a kind of legal standing in the advisory procedures in that only coastal States could request the Advisory opinion about the IUU in their EEZ. Furthermore the discretionary power of the ITLOS in the Article 138 of the Rules of the Tribunal could curtail the abuse of the Advisory opinion initiated by the States parties of the UNCLOS. Under this framework, Advisory opinion could broaden more alternative option to the disputes between State parties of the UNCLOS in that after being delivered detailed interpretation of the UNCLOS about the specific issues, States parties could devote themselves to searching for flexible solution for the disputes between State parties. It could obtain legal explanation about the dispute under the Article 297 and Article 298 by detouring the jurisdiction limits through advisory procedures.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 also affected performing arts business and stimulated 'Untact' performances, which means online streaming of the shows including real-time streaming. This study sought to examine factors to the consumers' acceptance. The research framework was based on the VAM, a revised model of TAM for the ICT products and services. For the research, consumer survey was conducted, where ndependent variables are perceived usefulness, pleasure, technicalty and innovation resistance, and dependent variables are percieved value and acceptance. Smart PLS was used to test the hypothesis. The result shows that the significant factors were percieved usefulness(+), pleasure(+) and innovation resistance(-). The percieved technicalty was not significant, the major reason would be that the digital devices and the internet technology are percieved a commodity these days in Korea. Percieved value was significant factor to acceptance. This study is meaningful because it is about the new phenomenon of 'untact' performance through the VAM methodology and it examined the significant factors to the attitude from the perspective of benefits and costs. There is limit that this study didn't consider old peoples' attitude. It is the reason that the continuous researches are necessary.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.167-180
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a framework of the MyData business ecosystem that shows a different pattern from the previous one by the MyData concept and to define the characteristics of actors participating in the ecosystem. Because MyData is an individual exercising sovereignty over his or her data, there is a characteristic that the individual participates as a key actor in the business. In other words, MyData Operators participate in the MyData business ecosystem to help individuals who own MyData, MyData creating business and MyData using business, among them, manage their own data. Therefore, this study conducts a case study of domestic and foreign MyData businesses to revitalize the domestic MyData industry. In particular, the business model of 45 cases of overseas MyData operators was analyzed and classified into 7 types of 4 groups. And through this, the importance of the role of MyData Operator in the MyData industry ecosystem is confirmed and a developmental ecosystem model is proposed.