• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2022

이 연구는 초등 과학 5~6학년 교과서에 제시된 필수 탐구 활동의 유형을 파악하고, 현장 교사들은 실제 지도 과정에서는 어떤 어려움이 있는지를 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교과서에 제시된 필수 탐구 활동을 실험·관찰, 조사·토의 및 발표, 자료 해석, 토의·토론, 모의활동, 표현하기의 6가지 유형으로 분석하였다. 또한 초등 교사 108명을 대상으로 탐구 활동에 대한 탐구 활동의 성취기준 달성 적합성, 학생 수준 적합성, 학생 흥미도, 수업 지도의 어려움을 조사하였다. 연구 결과를 종합하면, 5~6학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 탐구 활동 유형을 분석한 결과 가장 많이 제시되는 유형은 실험·관찰 유형이었고, 다음으로 많은 유형은 모의활동 유형, 자료 해석 유형이었다. 5학년 교과서에는 토의·토론 유형이 없는 것으로 분석되었고, 6학년은 조사·토의 및 발표 유형과 표현하기 유형에 해당되는 탐구 활동이 교과서에 제시되지 않았다. 교과서에 제시된 탐구 활동의 성취기준 달성 적합성과 학생의 수준의 적합성에 대한 교사들의 응답결과에서는 5학년이 6학년에 비해 낮은 평균 점수를 나타냈고, 학생 흥미도와 지도 어려움에서는 비슷한 평균 점수를 보였다. 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 개선이 필요한 탐구 활동을 도출한 결과 총 17개의 탐구 활동에 대한 개선이 필요한 것을 확인되었다. 구체적으로 교사들은 실험 결과가 교과서에서 의도한대로 잘 나타나지 않을 때, 탐구 활동에 대한 학생의 흥미도가 낮을 때, 학생 및 교사들이 관련된 과학 개념에 대해 이해도가 낮을 때 탐구 활동 지도의 어려움을 겪는다고 응답하였다. 천문 관련 단원에서 장기간의 꾸준한 관찰이 어렵다거나 초등학교 고학년 학생들이 역학놀이 활동에 적극적으로 참여하지 않는 등의 현실적인 문제도 지적하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2023

본 연구는 교육대학교 84명의 학생들을 대상으로 계절변화 단원에 대한 수업 곤란도를 분석한 연구이다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등과학 계절의 변화를 구성하는 4개 주제별 초등예비교사의 수업곤란도가 큰 주제부터 제시하면 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'(수업곤란 도 4.05), '계절에 따라 태양의 남중 고도와 낮과 밤의 길이는 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도, 3.12), '하루 동안의 태양 고도, 그림자의 길이, 기온은 서로 어떤 관계가 있을까요?'(수업곤란도 2.85), '계절에 따라 기온은 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도 2.80)이다. 이것으로 초등과학 계절의 변화 단원에서 공간지각 개념이 필요한 수업주제로 분류되는 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 4주제에 대한 수업이 다른 단원에 비해서 수업곤란도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 계절변화 단원에서 수업주제별로 수업곤란도의 요인은 다양하게 나타났다. 초등예비교사들이 계절 변화 단원에 대한 수업을 지도할 때 수업을 어렵게 만드는 요인을 빈도수가 높은 순서대로 살펴보면 '자전축 기울기에 따른 태양남중 고도 비교하기 실험 지도' 가 42명(50%), '태양 남중고도와 낮과 밤의 길이 설명의 어려움'이 38명(45%), '남중고도 개념 설명의 어려움'이 27명(32%), '계절별 태양의 위치변화 설명의 어 려움'이 24명(29%), '태양고도를 측정할 때 전등의 높이를 조절해야 하는 합당한 이유 설명'이 20명(24%), '태양고도와 최고기온 사이의 불일치 이유 설명의 어려움'이 16명(19%), '모래(지면)온도 측정의 어려움'이 12명(14%)으로 각각 나타났다. 셋째, 수업곤란도 요인을 분석해 보면 교사요인보 다 교육과정요인이 많았다. 이러한 맥락에서 볼 때, 초등예비교사들의 수업곤란도가 가장 크게 나타난 계절 변화 단원 중 4주제인 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 탐구활동은 교육과정의 측면에서 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2011

최근까지 개발된 디지털교과서는 전자칠판, 학습도구, 멀티미디어 등의 기능은 포함하였지만 자료검색 지원에는 취약점을 갖고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 검색기능을 지원하는 초등학교 디지털교과서를 개발하는데 목표를 두었다. 이를 위해 초등교사를 대상으로 검색기능 수요조사를 실시하였고 조사결과를 기반으로 디지털교과서를 설계하고 구현하였다. 개발된 디지털교과서는 XML로 기술되었고 의미 있는 단락 모음별로 검색할 수 있는 것이 특징이다. 디지털교과서의 사용후 설문에서 수업에의 유용성과 향후 사용의지에도 90% 이상의 교사가 긍정적으로 답하여 앞으로 초등학교에 보급될 디지털교과서에 검색기능이 반영되면 교수-학습에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 1997

The instructional influences of cooperative learning strategies, which emphasize mutual interdependency of learners, group goal, and individual accountability, upon students' achievement, the attitude toward science instruction and the perception of learning environment were investigated. Before instruction, the prior knowledge test about atoms and molecules, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered, and the grade in the previous mathematics course was obtained. These scores were used as covariates. Mid-term examination score was used as blocking variable. For instruction, three different strategies-traditional individual learning, small group learning, and cooperative learning-were used and teaching materials for the units of mole and stoichiometry were also prepared. After instruction, the researcher-made achievement test, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered. The perception questionnaire of group activities was also administered to the two treatment groups. In the quantitative subtest, the scores of cooperative learning group and small group learning group were significantly higher than those of traditional individual learning group. However, the cooperative learning group's scores in the achievement test and the qualitative subtest were significantly higher than those of small group learning group and traditional individual learning group. The students in the cooperative learning group were found to have the most positive perception of learning environment but to have similar attitudes toward science instruction. No interaction between the treatment and the level of the previous achievement was found in any of the analyses. In the perception questionnaire of group activities, students in both small group learning group and cooperative learning group exhibited positive perception of group activities. However, students in the cooperative learning group tended to think that their activities were related with their group's success. Educational implications are discussed.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.480-498
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• 2017

본 연구는 측정 영역의 문제해결 과정에서 나타나는 초등학교 6학년 학생의 오류를 분석하였다. 초등 5~6학년군의 내용에서 학생들이 어려워하는 부분에 대한 오류를 분석함으로써 학생들의 성취기준 도달을 도울 수 있는 교수 학습에서의 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 첫째, 문제를 해결할 수 있는 충분한 시간을 학생들에게 제공했음에도 불구하고 풀이과정을 바르게 쓰지 못한 학생이 문항에 따라 약 30~60%에 이르렀다는 점은 학생들이 측정 영역의 일부에서 어려움을 겪고 있음을 시사한다. 둘째, 단위 사이의 관계에 대한 불충분한 이해 등 측정 단위에 대한 학생들의 이해가 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 학생들은 삼각형에서 밑변이 정해지면 그에 따라 높이가 결정되고 이로부터 삼각형의 넓이를 구하는 여러 개의 식을 도출할 수 있다는 것에 대한 이해가 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2015

본 연구는 응급실 내원 호흡곤란 환자사례에 관한 시뮬레이션 실습교육이 간호학생의 문제해결능력에 미치는 효과를 시뮬레이션 학습단계에 따라 비교분석한 연구이다. 대상자는 간호학과 3학년 학생으로 2013년 4월 22일부터 5월 31일까지 성인 시뮬레이션 실습에 참여하는 학생 중 연구에 동의한 117명으로 하였으며, 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 자가 학습교육 실시 후 문제해결능력보다 시뮬레이션 실습교육 후 문제해결능력이 유의하게 높았다(t=2.59, p=.010). 문제해결능력 하위 영역별로 분석하면 문제정의(t=2.95, p=.004), 문제해결책 고안(t=2.10, p=.0.37) 및 문제해결책 검토(t=3.06, p=.002)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 시뮬레이션 실습은 대상자의 문제해결능력 향상에 효과적인 교육방법으로 확인되었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.282-295
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• 1993

This study was accomplished to survey of current situation and management of science education in the special classroom(school) managed by firm. The status of management and the evalution of the scientific inquiry ability were taken on workers attending 17 Special Classes and 9 Special Schools located in Taegu City and Kyungpuk Province. As a responses, most students chose the subject "Science"as an option within their limited 8 units credits. About 88.5% of the students were female. About 78.3% of the classes/schools were conducted in the evening only. About 59.4% of teaching staffs were prevailed with female in these classes, and most of them were young, naive, and unexperienced with their major in chemistry and physics. Insufficient facilities and equipments, crowded classes, understaffed instructors, and inappropriated text materials. etc., were reasons for the students not receiving maximum benefit from these classes and schools. In order to evaluate of scientific inquiry ability, 25 items were constructed and administered to 250 students. The processes of scientific inquiry were classified into 5 categories(category I : establishing a subjects, category II : planning a experiments, category III : conducting a experiments. category IV : interpreting a result of experiments, category V : formulating generalization). As the result obtained from the achivement test analysis, the scores for all the students were significantly low, and the scores for girls were higher than those for boys. The results of test in the selected students showed that inquiry abilities in the category I, II and V were higher than those in category III and IV.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1333-1344
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• 2012

This study aimed to enhance creative problem solving skill by using the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model which was developed based on creative problem solving approach and five essential features of inquiry. The key strategy of the CPS learning model is using real life problem situations to provide students opportunities to practice creative problem solving skill through 5 learning steps: engaging, problem exploring, solutions creating, plan executing, and concepts examining. The science content used for examining the CPS learning model was "matter and properties of matter" that consists of 3 learning units: Matter, Solution, and Acid-Base Solution. The process to assess the effectiveness of the learning model used the experimental design of the Pretest-Posttest Control-Group Design. Seventh grade-students in the experimental group learned by the CPS learning model. At the same time, students at the same grade level in the control group learned by conventional learning model. The learning models and students' prior knowledge levels were served as the independent variables. The creative problem solving skill was classified in to 4 aspects in: fluency, flexibility, originality, and reasoning. The results indicated that in all aspects, the students' mean scores of creative problem solving between students in experimental group and control group were significantly different at the .05 level. Also, the progression of students' creative problem solving skills was found highly progressed at the later instructional periods. When comparing the creative problem solving scores between groups of students with different levels of prior knowledge, the differences of their creative problem solving scores were founded at .05 level. The findings of this study confirmed that the CPS learning model is effective in enhancing the students' creative problem solving skill.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2009

Nowadays, as the era of aging is developing remarkably fast, conventional disease treatments such as surgery or emergency therapy are now being substituted to 'health promotion' and 'health prevention through whole-life management. Recently, many oriental medicine colleges are teaching subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. However, detail investigation about the exact education situation and correlation between among subjects has not been performed yet. Thus, in this research, I collected data about each oriental medicine college's Yangsaeng/Gigong-related subjects' prevalence and management situation through the analysis of 'National Education Report about Korea's Oriental Medicine Colleges' and direct investigation, First, I analyzed oriental medicine colleges' education object. Among 11 basic medicine subjects, there were 2 subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. And among 13 clinical medicine subjects, there were 7 subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. In these subjects, the word 'Yangsaeng' was used for 14 times. The word 'Gigong' was used for 5 times and the words 'natural medicine' and 'alternative medicine' were used for 4 times. Total class hours related to Yangsaeng and Gigong were 19.6 hours (practice classes were 4.6 hours). Each class of subjects had 'study objects'. Study objects were categorized into A (Essential) and B (Recommendation) Items. There were44 A items and 23 B items. Among 11 oriental medicine colleges all over Korea, 10 classes related to Yangsaeng and Gigong existed in 9colleges. 7 classes were included in pre-OM course and 3 classes were included in major-OM course. 6 classes were taught only for one semester and 4 classes were taught for 2 semesters. 6 classes were single unit and 4 classes were 2-units sunjects. 3 classes were held 3 hours a week. 6 classes were held 2 hours a week and one class was held an hour per week. In conclusion, each oriental medicine college should focus on the education and research about Yangsaeng and Gigong. To achieve this object, systemic regulation and specialized human resources should also be made.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to establish objectives for ninth grade studies of heredity and evolution in middle school in an attempt to foster students' consciousness of bioethics, and it's additionally intended to develop and apply lesson plans handling different points at issue and to determine the effects of the lesson plans on the bioethics of middle school students. The subjects in this study were 152 ninth graders in a middle school, whose science scores were similar. An experimental group and a control group were made up of 76 students respectively, and a pretest was conducted with test paper developed by this researcher to assess their awareness of bioethics. The experimental group took lessons by using the teaching plans prepared in this study, and the control group received typical education according to the curriculum. And then a posttest was implemented with test paper developed in this study to compare the two groups. In addition their science grades were compared as well. The findings of the study were as follows: First, seven learning objectives were selected from three units related to bioethics in the third-year 8th category of heredity and evolution of middle school. Second, in order to attain the selected learning objectives, four session lesson plans were prepared. Third, the experimental group that studied using by the lesson plans made better progress in bioethics awareness and the gap between the two was statistically significant(t=6.61, p<.001). The former were ahead of the latter in consciousness about species equity(t=7.71, p<.001), the dignity of life (t=3.78, p<.001), human rights(t=2.99, p<.01) and equity among generations(t=2.66, p<.01), but not in awareness of the diversity of species. Fourth, there was no significant gap in science scores between the students studied according to the curriculum and those who received instructions by using the lesson plans developed in the study.