• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a teacher-efficacy scale which is adequate for heath education teachers. Method: A preliminary questionnaire was made based on the hypothetical factors. A total of 364 health education teachers answered to the preliminary test, and the potential factors of teacher-efficacy were checked out by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In the main test 378 health education teachers answered, the factor structure was drawn by EFA, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test and the fitness of the factor model. Results: Through the preliminary test, 5 potential factors were found, which were instruction, health-service, administrative task, interpersonal relationship, and community connection. Also, 48 items were reduced to 31 items. Through the main test, from the 34 items were extracted 4 factors with 24 items, And then teacher-efficacy scale was developed, which included the subscales of instruction efficacy, health-service efficacy, task-interpersonal efficacy, and community connection efficacy. Conclusion: Different from that for other subject teachers, the factor structure for health teachers had 4 factors with 24 items. The scale developed in this study is consistent with health teachers' work areas, and for this reason, has significance as a adequate and valid scale to measure teacher-efficacy of health education teachers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

Purpose - The intent of this research is to discover the factors that enhance innovative work behaviors of group members in order to strengthen the competitiveness of small enterprises. In addition, we verify that employee job characteristic factors have an influence between antecedent variables and dependent variables in the work situations at small companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is focused on identifying the factors, such as self-efficacy, leader member exchange (LMX), and collective efficacy, which promote innovative work behaviors. A total of 305 valid questionnaires were collected. Results - The results of a path analysis showed that LMX did not have significant effects on task significance, and autonomy did not have significant effects on innovative work behavior. Conclusions - These findings of the study imply that even though leaders supported the groups in accordance with official procedures by placing group members within or outside certain groups, task identity perceived by group members was not impacted. In addition, autonomy given to those with relatively less capability might be a burden rather than a positive outcome.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.68-90
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of intent to leave among hospital physicians. A causal model of intent to leave among hospital physicians was constructed based on the exchange theory. The sample of this study consisted of 185 physicians from 8 general hospitals located in Seoul, Taegu, Kyunggi-province, and Kyungsangnam-province in Korea. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using LISREL. The results of this study indicate that the following variables, listed in order of size, have significant negative effects on intent to leave among hospital physicians; job satisfaction, organizational commitment, task variety, promotional chances, task significance, and pay. Sex (female=0, male=1) was found to have significant positive effects on the intent to leave among hospital physicians. The results imply that hospital administrators should make an effort to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment which are the key determinants of intent to leave among hospital physicians.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Lavie's perceptual load theory (Lavie, 1995) proposes that the influence of distractors would be blocked as the load gets higher. Studies of perceptual load have usually adopted the flanker task, developed by Eriksen and Eriksen (1974), which measures reaction time on the target flanked by distractors. In the post-cueing forced task, participants should report the identity of the target cued later, and negative repetition effect (NRE) has often been observed. NRE means the effect that the accuracy of identification is worse when the target is flanked by the same nontargets than when flanked by different nontargets. This study has tried to check whether perceptual load has an effect on identification rate and NRE. Experiment 1 manipulated the similarity between targets and a distractor, and observed a tendency of NRE, but not the effect of perceptual load. Experiment 2 used 4, 2 (in two kinds of diagonal arrangement), or none distractors of the same identity to burden more perceptual load. NRE was significant and perceptual load showed significance but not a linear trend. Experiment 3 checked again whether NRE would be varied according to two levels of perceptual load strengthened by positional variability of load stimuli, but did not find the effect of perceptual load. It is concluded that perceptual load might have a limited effect on the early stage of perceptual processing due to divided attentional processing of the targets briefly exposed. Implications of this study were discussed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.84-102
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of the occupational commitment of dental hygienists in Korea. The independent variables contain three groups of work rewards variables which consist of task reward variables (autonomy, job significance, resource adequacy, role conflict, workload, and routinization), social reward variables(supervisory support, co-worker support, and negative affectivity), and organizational reward variables(job security and promotional chances), and eight sociodemographic variables. The sample of this study consisted of 474 dental hygienists who work at general hospitals, university hospitals, dental hospitals and clinics across the nation. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using hierarchical regression technique. It was found that: (1) job significance have a significant positive effect on the occupational commitment of dental hygienists; (2) role conflict, workload, routinization, and type of work site have significant negative effect on the occupational commitment of dental hygienists; (3) the study model explains 23.7% of the variance in occupational commitment among dental hygienists. The results of the study indicate that managers of dental clinics and hospitals should make efforts to extend the scope and quality of dental hygienists' work through job enlargement and job enrichment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2013

When retrieving music with folksonomy tags, internal use of numeric tags (AV tags: tags consisting of Arousal and Valence values ) instead of word tags can partially solve the problem posed by synonyms. However, the two predecessor tasks should be done correctly; the first task is to map word tags to their numeric tags; the second is to get numeric tags of the music pieces to be retrieved. The first task is verified through our prior study and thus, in this paper, its significance is seen for the second task. To this end, we propose the music mapping table defining the relation between AV values and music and ANOVA tests are performed for analysis. The result shows that the arousal values and valence values of music have different distributions for 12 mood tags with or without synonymy and that their type I error values are P<0.001. Consequently, it is checked that the distribution of AV values is different according to music mood.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.137-155
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• 2018

From the assumption that an individual's working memory capacity is limited, the cognitive load theory is concerned with providing adequate instructional design so as to avoid overloading the learner's working memory. Based on the cognitive load theory, this study aimed to provide implications for effective problem-based collaborative teaching and learning design by analyzing the level of middle school students' cognitive load which is perceived according to the problem types(short answer type, narrative type, project) in the process of collaborative problem solving in middle school function part. To do this, this study analyzed whether there is a relevant difference in the level of cognitive load for the problem type according to the math achievement level and gender in the process of cooperative problem solving. As a result, there was a relevant difference in the task burden and task difficulty perceived according to the types of problems in both first and second graders in middle schools students. and there was no significant difference in the cognitive effort. In addition, the efficacy of task performance differed between first and second graders. The significance of this study is as follows: in the process of collaborative problem solving learning, which is most frequently used in school classrooms, it examined students' cognitive load according to problem types in various aspects of grade, achievement level, and gender.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.322-330
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the volunteer's job characteristics in university student on their volunteering satisfaction and continuance will. Based on Hackman and Oldham's theory of core job characteristics, this study analyzed 261 university students in Gangwon-do by survey. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The volunteering participation ratio of university student is 71.6%. volunteer's job characteristics, volunteering satisfaction and continuance will is showed lower level. And skill variety, task identity and feedback among Hackman and Oldham's 5 core job characteristics show positive influence on volunteering satisfaction, and skill variety, task indentity, task significance and feedback show positive influence on continuance will. As a result, volunteer's satisfaction and continuance will depended on the job characteristics. Therefore, to assure volunteer's satisfaction and continuance will, redesign for volunteer's job characteristics.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of progressive resistance task-oriented strengthening exercises (PRTSE) on the strength of the lower extremities, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients following a stroke. The purpose of the study was to provide fundamental data regarding the use of PRTSE with stroke patients. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 10) who took part in PRTSE and a control group (n = 10) who performed general rehabilitation exercises. Both groups performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes five times a week for four weeks. The strength of their lower extremities was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. The balance of the participants was assessed using a Berg balance scale. The modified Barthel index was conducted to measure ADL. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the PRTSE. Differences between the experimental and the control groups were analyzed using an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was α = 0.05. Results: After the exercises, there was a significant within-group change in the strength of lower extremities, balance, and ADL in the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.05). There was also a significant between-group difference in the strength of lower extremities after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: General rehabilitation is commonly applied as a treatment for stroke patients and is relatively effective. The application of PRTSE may be useful in such patients, considering its effects on the strength of lower extremities, balance, and ADL.