• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of empowerment, task performance and job satisfaction perceived by hospital nurses and the relationship among those variables. Methods: The sample consisted of 261 nurses from a university affiliated hospital. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires including empowerment, performance and job satisfaction and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Results: The mean scores of variables were as follows. Empowerment was 4.6472, task performance was 3.7814, and job satisfaction was 3.1240. The older, more educated and more experienced nurses showed more empowered and higher job performed than the younger, less educated and less experienced nurses. Empowerment had a positive correlation with task performance and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The results imply that hospital should develop the empowerment program for nurses to be more job performed and satisfied.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.3416-3435
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• 2023

Task offloading in vehicular networks is hot topic in the development of autonomous driving. In these scenarios, due to the role of vehicles and pedestrians, task characteristics are changing constantly. The classical deep learning algorithm always uses a pre-trained neural network to optimize task offloading, which leads to system performance degradation. Therefore, this paper proposes a neural network fine-tuning task offloading algorithm, combining with location prediction for pedestrians and vehicles by the Payne model of fluid dynamics and the car-following model, respectively. After the locations are predicted, characteristics of tasks can be obtained and the neural network will be fine-tuned. Finally, the proposed algorithm continuously predicts task characteristics and fine-tunes a neural network to maintain high system performance and meet low delay requirements. From the simulation results, compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm still guarantees a lower task offloading delay, especially when congestion occurs.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.742-749
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 하나의 공용 신경망을 사용하여 음소와 감정을 모두 인식하는 방법과 공용 신경망 학습을 위한 다중 학습 방법을 제안한다. 공용 신경망은 동일한 동작을 수행하여 두 정보를 모두 인식하며, 이는 인간이 하나의 청각기관으로 여러 정보를 동시에 인식하는 구조에 해당한다. 다중 학습은 여러 정보를 위한 공통 모델링을 진행하므로 여러 정보에 대한 일반화된 학습을 진행시켜 기존의 정보별 개별 학습에서 나타나는 과적합을 감소시키고 인식 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한, 다중 학습에서 음소 인식에 가중치를 부여하여 음소 인식 성능을 추가 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 동일한 특성벡터와 신경망을 사용할 때, 제안한 다중 학습이 적용된 공용 신경망의 성능이 각 정보별로 학습시킨 개별 신경망에 비하여 우수한 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between the time taken and the characteristics of touch key for touch-screen-based in-vehicle information system (IVIS) and to suggest a new Fitts' law formula that is added a driving speed parameter. Many studies already have shown that Fitts' law is well fitted in various devices for primary tasks, but there is no study of Fitts' law for secondary task in dual-task situation. Fitts' law may not be applied to the secondary task as it is, because the secondary task performance can be affected by the amount of attention for the primary task. To verify this, we carried out an experiment that showed whether pointing task to touch-screen-based IVIS during driving is affected by driving speeds or not. In the experiment, 30 people were volunteered for participants and the participants carried out driving task and pointing task on the screen of IVIS simultaneously. We measured the time to point a touch key on IVIS for every condition (3 driving speeds${\times}5$ touch key sizes${\times}7$ distances between steering wheel and touch key). As a result, there was an effect of driving speed on the pointing time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' law formula by incorporating driving speed, we established an extended Fitts' law formula for pointing on IVIS, which showed better accordance with dual task situation. This study can be evidence that secondary task performance is affected by degree of concentration on primary task, and the extended Fitts' law formula can be useful to design interfaces of IVIS.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2008

Prior studies were limited in the comparison of false belief tasks with desire tasks due to lack of consideration of level of executive functions. To compensate for this, executive functions were included in new preference-related and game-related tasks of conflicting desire. These tasks were administered to 246 preschoolers ranging from 2.5 to 4 years of age. Statistical analysis was by one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed significant main effects depending on age and task type. Younger children lacked ability of executive function, such as inhibition and working memory. Older preschoolers averaged better scores on task performance, showing that it is difficult for younger children to control their own desires and select the contradicted view.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2003

This research investigated young children's social interaction and task performance in dyadic collaboration. The independent variables were gender and social skill level(high/low groups). Twenty-four pairs each 4-year-old boys and 4-year-old girls(total 96 subjects) worked at a block reconstruction. Two researchers judged degree of dyadic collaboration. Data were processed by 2 way ANOVA and Pearson's product correlation. While no main effect for gender was found, the effect for social skill level(high/low groups)was significant for social interaction. There was positive correlation between social interaction and task performance.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1999

In order to apply three-dimensional images to industries, the possibility of realizing three-dimensional images should be ensured and when operating a task using three-dimensional images, the intention of the observer and the result of operation should be precisely related. The aim of this paper is to investigate the task performance of a human operator during operating a robot manipulator using three-dimensional and two-dimensional image displays. From the result of this research, it was found that the accuracy of robot operation in the case of using three-dimensional displays is much higher than in the case of using two-dimensional displays and the adapting time to the operating task using three-dimensional displays is shorter than that using two-dimensional displays. From such results, we concluded that the application of three-dimensional displays, which can closely reflect real environment, to industries is desirable.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

The purpose of this study Was to describe balance performance of 10 normal children and 10 adults using tilt board under three tasks 1) eyes open with gazing stationary target, 2)eyes dosed, and 3) eyes open with gazing dynamic target. The results were as follows. 1. As increasing the number of trials, balance performance was inclosed, specially, in children group. 2. In children group, there was significant difference between right side and left side in task 2 and task 3.3. In both group. there was significant difference between task2 and task3. 4. There was no difference between adults group and children group.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.53-90
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• 1992

THis study examines a contingency relationship between task uncertainty and structure of project teams in conjunction with the leader-member communication patterns. Multivariate analyses are used to analyze the data from 63 R & D project teams of research laboratory in a large manufacturing corporation. Major findings for this study can be summarized as follows. First, project teams with an organic structure are found to yield high performance when task uncertainty is high, while project teams with a mechanistic structure achieve high performance when their tasks are relatively certain. Second, patterns of leader-member comunication are significantly associated with both task uncertainty and structural characteristics of project teams. This implies that leaders of project teams communicate with their members in more conslutative manner when their tasks are uncertain or when their team structure exhibits organic characteristics. Finally, task uncertainty playus a significant moderating role in the relationship between consultative communication patterns and performance of project teams. Based upon these findings, this study offers several theoretical, practical, and methodological implications.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.287-306
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 동기조작이 과제수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 기존에 동기와 과제수행과의 관련성을 살펴본 선행연구들은 대부분 자기 보고식 설문지를 사용하여 진행되었는데 자기보고식 검사는 왜곡되거나 편향된 응답을 제공할 가능성이 높다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실험 상황에서 노력 유도 지시문과 과제수행 태도에 대한 긍정피드백을 통한 동기 활성화가 과제수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 또한 실험 자극으로 실제 학습장면과 연관 지을 수 있는 수학·언어 영역의 과제를 사용하였다. 실험 1에서는 수학과제 수행 시 동기조작이 과제 난이도 선택에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 실험집단의 참가자들이 통제집단에 비해 어려운 난이도의 과제를 더 많이 선택했다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1과 동일한 패러다임을 언어 과제에 적용하여 동기조작에 따른 집단 간 차이를 살펴보았는데 그 결과 실험 1과 동일하게 실험집단의 참가자들이 높은 난이도의 과제를 더 많이 선택하였다. 실험 3에서는 동기조작이 수행 정확률과 과제 지속성에도 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았으며 실험 결과 실험집단의 경우 통제집단에 비해 과제 정확률과 지속성 모두 더 높게 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 노력 유도 및 긍정 피드백을 통한 내재적 동기의 활성화가 과제수행에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주는 실험적 증거라 할 수 있다.