• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

To investigate the acquisition of quinolone resistance, we examined mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of type II topoisomerase genes in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant clinical isolates and in vitro mutants of Streptococcus parauberis. The CIP-resistant clinical isolates had one base change responsible for a Ser-79${\rightarrow}$Thr in the QRDR of parC. However, the CIP-resistant in vitro mutants had an altered QRDR of parC (Ser-79${\rightarrow}$Ile) that differed from that of the isolates. None of the CIP-resistant S. parauberis clinical isolates or in vitro mutants exhibited amino acid changes in gyrA or gyrB. However, even though involvement in the increased resistance was not clear, an Arg-449${\rightarrow}$Ser mutation outside of the QRDR of parE was detected in CIP-resistant mutant 2P1. These results suggest that the topoisomerase IV gene, parC (and possibly parE, as well), is the primary ciprofloxacin target in S. parauberis. Additionally we established a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay capable of detecting the dominant mutation in four type II topoisomerase genes conferring ciprofloxacin resistance. These rapid and reliable assays may provide a convenient method of surveillance for genetic mutations conferring antibiotic resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.87-95
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• 2007

In this paper, we analyzed the mr detection and the stability of the object tracking system by an adaptive stereo object hacking using region-based MAD(Mean Absolute Difference) algorithm and the modified PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)-based pan/tilt controller. That is, in the proposed system, the location coordinates of the target object in the right and left images are extracted from the sequential stereo input image by applying a region-based MAD algorithm and the configuration parameter of the stereo camera, and then these values could effectively control to pan/tilt of the stereo camera under the noisy circumstances through the modified PID controller. Accordingly, an adaptive control effect of a moving object can be analyzed through the advanced system with the proposed 3D robot vision, in which the possibility of real-time implementation of the robot vision system is also confirmed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

To interact with a virtual object in immersive virtual environment, the target object should be selected quickly and accurately. Conventional 3D ray casting method using a direction of user's hand or head allows the user to select an object quickly. However, accuracy problem occurs when selecting an object using conventional methods among occlusion of objects. In this paper, we propose a region of interest based selection method that enables to select an object among occlusion of objects using a combination of gaze tracking and hand gesture recognition. When a user looks at a group of occlusion of objects, the proposed method recognizes user's gaze input, and then region of interest is set by gaze input. If the user wants to select an object among them, the user gives an activation hand gesture. Then, the proposed system relocates and visualizes all objects on a virtual active window. The user can select an object by a selecting hand gesture. Our experiment verified that the user can select an object correctly and accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

Ghetto was originated from the concept of "Jewish Camp", the segregated Jewish residential area, and recently it refers to the black neighborhoods of the poor living conditions or slum. A region to form a unique culture distinguished from the adjacent area is also called as ghetto. The culture born in that region is called "ghetto culture", and from the cultural aspect it can mean a type of haven that allows the freedom and deviation of their own. In this study, the generating background and the characteristics of ghetto style especially to adolescents were examined, and celebrities' unique fashion styles that lead the public in the fashion diffusion process were analyzed. Through this, Ghetto culture was understood and the effects of the mass culture phenomena on fashion, symbolization, and an aesthetic value were examined. With this, it aims to help understand the effect of special local culture like "ghetto" on modern fashion and expand the design area. As a result of this study, the characteristics of ghetto style were as followings; 1. It is based on hiphop style; 2. The name brands are exposed conspicuously; 3. Caught eyes by unusually excessive decorations; 4. It expresses confidence and toughness through fashion beyond the resistance to the target who suppresses and humiliates themselves; 5. Ghetto culture is rapidly spread through media. To conclude, ghetto style is an expression of hope of the poor that they can gain wealth through impressing the public and drawing empathy just by their talent. Furthermore, ghetto style is an important cultural trend that has appeared as their wannabe and a powerful display method to express success.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-98
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate whether shortened vowel duration conditioned by a following voiceless stop induces phonetic reduction of vowel space in English, and whether the reduction appears more in the height dimension than in the backness dimension (Lindblom, 1963; Flemming, 2005). Fifteen native speakers of American English read minimal pairs containing ten American English vowels in [bVd] and [bVt] syllables in a carrier phrase. All the subjects produced shorter vowels in the voiceless than in the voiced context. However, a reduction in vowel space and a raising of low vowels due to the shortened vowel duration were generally not found. To the contrary, the speakers tended to exhibit even more lowering of low vowels in the voiceless context, and vowel space was more commonly compressed in the backness dimension than in the height dimension. Many speakers, in particular, demonstrated fronting of the high back vowel [u] in the voiceless context. It was interpreted that due to a relatively large number of English vowels in the narrower low vowel space, the raising of low vowels may give rise to confusion in vowel contrasts, and therefore the degree of phonetic vowel reduction is restricted in that region. On the other hand, the high vowel region, being relatively spacious in English, allows a certain degree of phonetic vowel reduction in the F2 dimension. It is possible that heavy requirements for maintaining vowel contrasts may cause speakers to overachieve vowel target values, especially when faced with vowels which are difficult to distinguish due to shortened vowel duration, leading to an over-lowering of the low vowels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2015

In this study, we fabricated the indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). oxide and silver are deposited by magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporator, respectively transparency and energy bandgap were changed by the thickness of silver layer. To fabricate metal oxide metal (OMO) structure, IGZO sputtered on a corning 1,737 glass substrate was used as bottom oxide material and then silver was evaporated on the IGZO layer, finally IGZO was sputtered on the silver layer we get the final OMO structure. The radio-frequency power of the target was fixed at 30 W. The chamber pressure was set to $6.0{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr, and the gas ratio of Ar was fixed at 25 sccm. The silver thickness are varied from 3 to 15 nm. The OMO thin films was analyzed using XRD. XRD shows broad peak which clearly indicates amorphous phase. ZnO, AZO, OMO show the peak [002] direction at $34^{\circ}$. This indicate that ZnO, AZO OMO structure show the crystalline peak. Average transmittance of visible region was over 75%, while that of infrared region was under 20%. Energy band gap of OMO layer was increased with increasing thickness of Ag layer. As a result total transmittance was decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2002

The dosage of intra-operative BNCT using near-threshold $^{7}$ Li(p,n)$^{7}$ Be direct neutrons was evaluated with the calculation method validated with the phantom experiment. The production of both neutrons by near-threshold $^{7}$ Li(p,n)$^{7}$ Be and gamma rays by $^{7}$ Li(p,p'gamma)$^{7}$ Li in a Li target was calculated using Lee's method and their transport in the phantom was calculated with MCNP-4B. As a result, the region satisfying the requirements of the protocol in intra-operative BNCT for brain tumors in Japan was acknowledged to be comparable to present BNCT, for the proton energy of 1.900 MeV for example. A boron-dose enhancer (BDE) introduced in this study to increase $^{10}$ (n,$\alpha$)$^{7}$ Li dose in a living body was effective. The void used to increase doses in deep regions was also valid with the BDE. It was found that intra-operative BNCT using near-threshold $^{7}$ Li(p,n)$^{7}$ Be direct neutrons is feasible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.285-289
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• 2006

Recently the target area for the installation of structures have been changed from shallow water into deep one by reservation and use of the wider coastal region, and development of deep water. Additionally, great emphasis in the improved human life quality has been placed on the necessities for the preservation of the agreeable natural and coastal environments and development waterfront, recreation, and resort in the sea. However, the existing gravity-type breakwater did not appropriately cope with the recent changes of circumstances, but required the enormous construction coat for coping with them. Until now, floating breakwuater, which was adequate for the environment and construction cost, has been actively studied in the other countries including Japan. This floating breakwater has been already constructed in many places and satisfactory in poor subsoil and deep water in Japan. Also it showed the same function as a gravity-type breakwater. But floating breakwater was not control long period waves by reason of constructive characteristic. The aim of this study is to discuss field application of Floating Breakwater with Compound Plate Type(FBCPT) in coastal region by using numerical analyses and hydraulic model test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.638-642
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to validate the statistical evidence from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) as true-positive and to better understand the effects of the glycophorin C (GYPC) gene on serum hemoglobin traits. Methods: Our initial GWAS revealed the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ASGA0069038 and ALGA0084612) for the hemoglobin concentration trait (HGB) in the 2.48 Mb region of SSC15. From this target region, GYPC was selected as a promising gene that associated with serum HGB traits in pigs. SNPs within the GYPC gene were detected by sequencing. Thereafter, we performed association analysis of the variant with the serum hemoglobin level in three pig populations. Results: We identified one SNP (g.29625094 T>C) in exon 3 of the GYPC gene. Statistical analysis showed a significant association of the SNP with the serum hemoglobin level on day 20 (p<0.05). By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the GYPC gene was expressed in eight different tissues. Conclusion: These results might improve our understanding of GYPC function and provide evidence for its association with serum hemoglobin traits in the pig. These results also indicate that the GYPC gene might serve as a useful marker in pig breeding programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6021-6024
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• 2014

Background: The STK15 gene located on chromosome 20q13.2 encodes a centrosome-associated kinase critical for regulated chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Recent studies have demonstrated STK15 to be significantly associated with many tumors, with aberrant expression obseved in many human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of STK15 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a Mongolian population. Methods: Two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of STK15, rs2273535 (Phe31Ile) and rs1047972 (Val57Ile) were assessed in 380 ESCC patients and 380 healthy controls. We also detected STK15 mRNA expression in 39 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and corresponding adjacent tissues by real time PCR. Results: rs2273535 showed a significant association with ESCC in our Mongolian population (rs227353, P allele = 0.0447, OR (95%CI) = 1.259 (1.005~1.578)). Real time PCR analysis of ESCC tissues showed that expression of STK15 mRNA in cancer tissues was higher than in normal tissues (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our study showed that functional SNPs in the STK15 gene are associated with ESCC in a Mongolian population and up-regulation of STK15 mRNAoccurs in ESCC tumors compared adjacent normal tissues. STK15 may thus have an important role in the prognosis of ESCC and be a potential therapeutic target.