• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2021

microRNA-361-3p (miR-361-3p) is involved in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer and pancreatic catheter adenocarcinoma, and has anti-carcinogenic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its effect on multiple myeloma (MM) is less reported. Here, we found that upregulating the expression of miR-361-3p inhibited MM cell viability and promoted MM apoptosis. We measured expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and miR-361-3p in MM cells and detected the viability, colony formation rate, and apoptosis of MM cells. In addition, we measured expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax, and Cleaved caspase-3 (C caspase-3). The binding site between miR-361-3p and TRAF6 was predicted by TargetScan. Our results showed that miR-361-3p was low expressed in the plasma of MM patients and cell lines, while its overexpression inhibited viability and colony formation of MM cells and increased the cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TRAF6, which was predicted to be a target gene of miR-361-3p, was high-expressed in the plasma of patients and cell lines with MM. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the effect of TRAF6 on MM cells was opposite to that of miR-361-3p. Upregulation of miR-361-3p induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of MM cells through targeting TRAF6, suggesting that miR-361-3p might be a potential target for MM therapy.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.315-325
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by its heterogeneity and high recurrence and lethality rates. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play a crucial role in therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, targeting GSCs is a key objective in developing effective treatments for GBM. The role of Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in GBM and its impact on GSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PTHrP on GSCs and its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM. Methods and Results: Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found higher expression of PTHrP in GBM, which correlated inversely with survival. GSCs were established from three human GBM samples obtained after surgical resection. Exposure to recombinant human PTHrP protein (rPTHrP) at different concentrations significantly enhanced GSCs viability. Knockdown of PTHrP using target-specific siRNA (siPTHrP) inhibited tumorsphere formation and reduced the number of BrdU-positive cells. In an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, suppression of PTHrP expression led to significant inhibition of tumor growth. The addition of rPTHrP in the growth medium counteracted the antiproliferative effect of siPTHrP. Further investigation revealed that PTHrP increased cAMP concentration and activated the PKA signaling pathway. Treatment with forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, nullified the antiproliferative effect of siPTHrP. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that PTHrP promotes the proliferation of patient-derived GSCs by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These results uncover a novel role for PTHrP and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.77-91
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the perceived facial attractiveness and appropriateness of clothing on the evaluation of task performance of target person mediated by subjects'likability toward and trait evaluation of the target person. The facial attractiveness of the female university students were used as index of physical attractiveness in this study. Three levels of facial attractiveness was manipulated based on the judgements by 30 female university students. Four types of clothes were selected perceived appropriate for two assumed situations by female university students. Three female faces having high. medium, and low attractiveness were simulated with the same body dressed four types of clothing respectively using CAD system, and a total of 12 stimulus persons were created. The design for the experiment was a $3\tiems4\times2$ randomaized factorial. with three levels of facial attractiveness(high, medium, low), and four types attire(formal-masculine, formal-feminine, casual-masculine, casual-feminine), two kinds of context (job interview, dating) in which perceptions were occurred. The subjects of this study was 524 male and female(262 of male, 262 of female) university students from 3 universities in Kwangju, Korea. The data were analysed using factor analysis. descriptive statistics, regression, path analysis. The results were as follows : 1. In bogus job interview. the direct effect of perceived facial attractiveness on task performance evaluation was .175 and the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .285 in path analysis model. The direct effect of perceived appropriateness of clothing on task performance evaluation was .111 and the indirect effect mediated by likability only was .0564 in pass analysis model. 2. In dating situation, the direct effect of perceived facial attractiveness on task performance evaluation was .355, the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .188 in path analysis model. The direct effect of perceived appropriateness of clothing on task performance evaluation was .108, the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .060 in Pass analysis.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1993 no.11
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• pp.67-70
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• 1993

This preliminary study describes the self-mixing effect of laser diode for the measurement of tissue blood flow. A self-mixing effect of laser diode was detected by the single-mode laser diode and the moving target, and the Doppler shifted frequency was thanked linearly with the driving frequency of speaker. The measured Doppler shifted frequency was compared with the simulated data.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2020

It is crucial to process not only social cognitive information but also various emotional information for appropriate social interaction in everyday life. The processing of emotions embedded in social stimuli is affected by various context and external factors and the features of their own. Emotion discrimination tasks using point-light biological motion were conducted in this study to understand the factors influencing emotion processing and their effects. A target biological motion with angry or happy emotion was presented in the first task in red, green, white, or yellow color. A white angry, happy, or neutral "cue" biological motion was displayed simultaneously. Participants judged the emotion of the target relative to the cue stimulus by comparing the target with the cue. The second task used only emotionally neutral stimuli to find effect by the color itself. The results indicated an association between the specific color of the target and emotion. Red facilitated processing anger, whereas green appeared to facilitate happy emotion. The discrimination accuracy was high when the emotions of the cue and the target were identical in general, but the combination of red color and anger yielded different results compared with the rest of the conditions. Some illusory emotional responses associated with the target colors were observed in the second task. We could observe the effects of external factors in this study, affecting the emotional processing using biological motion rather than conventional face stimuli. Possible follow-up studies and clinical research were discussed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

Ex-situ reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by iron sulfide in a batch reactor was characterized in this study. Reactor scaled-up by 3.5 L was used to investigate the effect of reductant concentration on removal efficiency and process optimization for ex-situ degradation. The experiment was conducted by using both liquid-phase and gas-phase volume at pH 8.5 in anaerobic condition. For 1 mM of initial CT concentration, the removal of the target compound was 98.9% at 6.0 g/L iron sulfide. Process optimization for ex-situ treatment was performed by checking the effect of transition metal and mixing time on synthesizing iron sulfide solution, and by determining of the regeneration time. The effect of Co(II) as transition metal was shown that the reaction rate was slightly improved but the improvement was not that outstanding. The result of determination on the regeneration time indicated that regenerating reductant capacity after $1^{st}$ treatment of target compound was needed. Due to the high removal rates of CT, ex-situ reductive dechlorination in batch reactor can be used for basic treatment for the chlorinated compounds.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.553-561
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• 2018

To easily understand and systematically express the behaviors of the industrial systems, various system modeling techniques have been developed. Particularly, the importance of system modeling has been greatly emphasized in recent years since modern industrial systems have become larger and more complex. Multilevel flow modeling (MFM) is one of the qualitative modeling techniques, applied for the representation and reasoning of target system characteristics and phenomena. MFM can be applied to industrial systems without additional domain-specific assumptions or detailed knowledge, and qualitative reasoning regarding event causes and consequences can be conducted with high speed and fidelity. However, current MFM techniques have a limitation, i.e., the dynamic features of a target system are not considered because time-related concepts are not involved. The applicability of MFM has been restricted since time-related information is essential for the modeling of dynamic systems. Specifically, the results from the reasoning processes include relatively less information because they did not utilize time-related data. In this article, the concepts of time-to-detect and time-to-effect were adopted from the system failure model to incorporate time-related issues into MFM, and a methodology for enhancing MFM-based reasoning with time-series data was suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1442-1447
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of the cold-warm color contrast of the learning-item on the learner's performance. To do this, experimental conditions were divided into three conditions: control condition, cold-warm contrast condition of background and figure, and cold-warm contrast condition of distracter and target. In addition, the OSPAN (operation span) task was used as the learning task. As a result, the rate of word recognition was higher in cold-warm contrast condition of distractor and target than any other condition. These results could be interpreted as enhancing effect.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2016

This paper discusses the effect of numerical reinforcement modeling methods on the penetration performance of a penetrator into a concrete target. AUTODYN-3D has been used to conduct the numerical penetration analyses. In order to validate the computational approach, experimental data of Hanchak have been compared to a computation result and a reasonably good agreement could be obtained. The strength and the diameter of a reinforcement have been changed to find out the effect of reinforcement modeling methods on the penetration performance. The impact locations and velocities of a penetrator are also changed to investigate the effect of reinforcement modeling methods. Residual velocities of a penetrator are quantitatively compared in detail for the evaluation of reinforcement modeling effects on the penetration performance.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The study investigated vowel context effects on the perception of stop consonants in Malayalam. It also probed into the role of vowel context effects in determining the frequency of occurrence of various consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in Malayalam. Subjects and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional pre-experimental post-test only research design on 30 individuals with normal hearing, who were native speakers of Malayalam. The stimuli included three stop consonants, each spoken in three different vowel contexts. The resultant nine syllables were presented in original form and five gating conditions. The consonant recognition in different vowel contexts of the participants was assessed. The frequency of occurrence of the nine target syllables in the spoken corpus of Malayalam was also systematically derived. Results: The consonant recognition score was better in the /u/ vowel context compared with /i/ and /a/ contexts. The frequency of occurrence of the target syllables derived from the spoken corpus of Malayalam showed that the three stop consonants occurred more frequently with the vowel /a/ compared with /u/ and /i/. Conclusions: The findings show a definite vowel context effect on the perception of the Malayalam stop consonants. This context effect observed is different from that in other languages. Stop consonants are perceived better in the context of /u/ compared with the /a/ and /i/ contexts. Furthermore, the vowel context effects do not appear to determine the frequency of occurrence of different CV syllables in Malayalam.