• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.100-117
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• 2003

Background In Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM), human beings are classified into four constitutions: Taeyangin, Taewnin, Soyangin, and Soeumin. SCM presents various lifestyles and treatments for each constitution. The problem of SCM is that its diagnosis is so subjective that the result of the diagnosis depends on the doctor. In order to solve this problem, multiple approaches have been objectively researched. To use a questionnaire is the most common method among the different approaches. Since there are a few problems in the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II), which in recent days has been used frequently, the necessity of a new questionnaire has arisen. Objective The purpose of this study is to develop a new questionnaire for the objectivity of the Sasang Constitution Classification by complementing the existing questionnaire. Methods In order to search for the existing questionnaire's problems, I first compare the ratio of the amount of questions regarding external appearance to that of questions of mental characteristics and physiologic & pathologic symptoms in QSCCII and QSCCII +. We created the new questionnaires by reinterpreting ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose $Bowon{\lrcorner}$ through SCM professors' and medical residents' discussion and by adding some items related to the diagnosis about the constitution from other SCM books and clinical experience. Results 1. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification is self-reported questionnaire based on a multiple choice system of 4 questions. 2. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 28 questions, which include 7 questions about external appearance, 4 questions about mental characteristics, and 17 questions about physiologic & pathologic symptoms. 3. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 24 questions of Taeyangin, 28 of Taeumin, 28 of Soyongin, 28 of Soeumin. 4. We will have to verify validity and reliability of new questionnaire for rhe Sasang Constitution Classification.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study lies on the objectification of the Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. This study was analyzing the constitutional characteristic of adult men voices by PSSC-2004. 2. Methods The study was conducted on the subjects inputted /a/ 2.5-3 sec of 231 adult men voices to PSSC-2004. The statistical analyses are applied to three groups: total group, under 55 year-old group, over 55 year-old group. The group of total 231 was composed with 5 Taeyangins, 32 Soyangins, 102 Taeumins and 92 Soeumins. The under 55 years old group was composed with 4 Taeyangins, 23 Soyangins, 83 Taeumins and 77 Soeumins. The over 55 year-old group was composed with 1 Taeyangin, 9 Soyangins, 19 Taeumins and 15 Soeumins. 3. Results 1) In total group, the Soeumin's mean value of center pitch(4)$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.034). 2) In total group, the Soeumin's group 3 APQ was significantly low compared with the others (P=0.042). 3) In under 55 year-old group, the Soeumin's center value of center pitch 4$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.025) 4) In over 55 year-old group, no statistical significance was found between the Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin. 4. Conclusions In under 55 year-old group, Soeumin's voice showed high pitched sound (clearness) at the low frequency (1000-2000Hz). In over 55 year-old group, there is no significant differences. This fits in with that 'Soeumin's voice is 'Yu-tone' born by 'Shang-tone', very short and high.' 'Yu-tone' corresponds to 'Ra' and witch is highest among Gong, Shang, Gao, Chi and Yu. This is related with the appearance that the Soeumin's voice is weak, thin and high tone. Therefore it is supposed that Soeumin adult men's voices are thick, and there are vibrations of the ending. It is accepted one of the Soeumin's characters like as a mild tremor of limbs and deep breath caused by Soeumin's Qi-deficiency. This outcome accords with the theory that Soeumin's Qi is less than the Other constitutions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

To understand characteristic of preservation of health in Sasang constitutional medicine, 1 first study preservation of health In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$, and then study preservation of health in the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ particularly Inherent vitality(命脈實數) and Regimen in ordinary life(生息充補之道) which shows early thought of Lee Je-ma. I acquire relation and difference between ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ and Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$, and conclude as follows. 1. In preservation of health ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Ups and downs of Qi according to degree, tells congenital health and acquired care of health, grades Jin-In, Ji-In, Seong-In, Hyeon-In according to degree of moral culture, and especially emphasizes managing mind which is based on Taoism. 2. In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ Dongmu divides human being to Sasangin(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin) according to Large & small of viscera, and regards as determine lift span and rendition of disease & health according to Inherent vitality which is degree of Small viscera. 3. Inherent vitality of Sasangin is supplemented by Regimen in ordinary life. Because Regimen in ordinary life decreases according to age, Dongmu emphasizes managing mind through an autonomic Knowledge Deed to maintain Regimen in ordinary life. 4. In the way of managing mind ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Taoist moral culture, but Dongmu emphasized control of knowledge and Deed by Confucian moral culture and the mind of control others through confucian self-control.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and cold hypersensitivity. Methods: We investigated 391 outpatients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Hospital OB & GY from June 12, 2013 to April 18, 2014. Among 134 patients who complained feeling of cold, we analyzed 107 patients whose Sasang constitution is confirmed. Results: 1. There were 21 persons 19.8% of under age 27, 28 persons 26.4% of age 28-34, 23 persons 21.7% of age 35-41, 18 persons 17% of age 42-48, 16 persons 15.1% of age over 49. 2. Among 107 patients, there were 52 persons 48.6% of Soeumin, 29 persons 27.1% of Taeeumin, 25 persons 23.4% of Soyangin, 1 person 0.9% of Taeyangin. And Taeyangin interior disease was 1 case 100%, Soyangin exterior disease was 22 cases 88% and interior disease was 3 cases 12%, Taeeumin exterior disease was 11 cases 37.9% and interior disease was 18 cases 62.1%, Soeumin exterior disease was 19 cases 36.5% and interior disease was 33 cases 3.5%. 3. In the distribution of cold-hypersensitive part, hands and feet with chills were 58 cases 4.7% by largest number, and the following was hands and feet in 24 cases 22.6%. 4. In the distribution of chief complaint, there were 25 cases 23.58% of menstrual pain, 19 cases 17.92% of postpartum symptoms, 17 cases 16.04% of oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea, 14 cases 13.21% of cold hypersensitivity. 5. In the distribution of chief complaint depending on age, menstrual pain of under age 27, postpartum symptoms of age 35-41 and cold hypersensitivity of over age 49 were at a high rate. Conclusions: Results suggest that patients with symptom of cold hypersensitivity have some tendencies in age, Sasang constitution, chief complaint, cold-hypertensive part.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

1. Objectives Recently there have been studied the trials to take out the characteristics of Sasangin's face. 3 dimensional modeling is essential to find out sasangin's face. So the studies of standard face model and face type are necessary. 2. Methods I have reviewed the researches of standard facial modeling and facial type in the inside and outside of the country. 3. Results and Conclusions The Facial Definition Parameters are a very complex set of parameters defined by MPEG-4. It has defineds set of 84 feature points and 68 Facial Animation Parameters. Face type has been researched to divide into male and female, or the westerns and the orientals, or sasangin(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This study was performed to research the relationship between Sasang Constitutional medicine and Hyungsang medicine. 2. Methods: Four hundred and thirty applicants are involved in this study. They are devided into Sasang Constitution and Hyungsang Classification 3. Results and Conclusions: There are significances between Sasang Constitutional diagnosis and Hyungsang Classification. There are significantly more Bangkwang-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Taeyangin and Bangkwang-body, Jung-kwa, Soyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Soyangin. There are significantly more Dam-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Taeeumin and Bangkwang-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Soeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Purpose : Sasang Constitutional Medicine explains the pathology peculiar to constitution and suggests treatment for each constitution. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine hwnan beings are classified on four groups; Taeyangin, Taeumin, 5oyangin, Soeumin. These four constitution has their's own symptoms and treatments. In treatment, control of mind inclination, that is to say, moderation takes a very important role. But the study on heredity in Sasang Constitutional Medicine has not done not biological study but also statistical study. So we used several statistical methods and analyzed 163 samples. Methods : We implemented Fishers exact test for adjusting chi-squared test, kappa coefficient to estimate agreement of parent's and children's constitutions, and finally plotted bi-plot using correspondence analysis. Results : From Fisher's exact test result, we could know that parent's and children'S constitution's distribution had significant difference. In kappa coefficient, mother and daughter's estimated value produced highest result. In correspondence analysis we only plotted the case of mother and son for easy interpretation. Conclusion : In the study of heredity of SaSang constitution, we cannot know exactly the heredity of constitution in terms of biology or genetics. But this research can be helpful for further analysis, that is, a study of biological or genetical aspects. And we could conclude that in statistical aspects the heredity in SaSang constitution is meaningful.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2004

Objectives This paper was designed for studying the features of digestion according to Sasang Constitution and to be helpful to make a diagnosis Sasang Constitution. Using the result of this study, it will be helpful to diagnose a Sasang constitution. Methods There were 588 patients(248 men, 340 women) who answered questionnaire and were diagnosed by the Sasang Constitution Specialist at Constitutional Clinic of Dongguk Bundang Oriental Hospital. Using the response of questionnaire and several statistical techniques such as homogeneity test and multiple comparison, we tried to find the characteristics of each constitution depending on its dining behavior. Results As a result of the analysis of questionnaire, Taeumin and Soyangin answered to 'Because digestion is well, I overeat frequently' many more than Soeumin(p<0.01). Soeumin answered to 'When I eat cold food or greasy food, it hardly digests' many more than Taeumin(p<0.05). Soeumin and Taeyangin answered to 'Because I have indigestion, I have suffered from infancy' many more than Taeumin(p<0.01). Soeumin answered to 'I have easily a digestive upset' many more than Taeumin(p<0.01). Soeumin answered to 'indigestion in case of paying attention' many more than Taeumin and Soyangin(p<0.01).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.74-99
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• 2004

Since recent development of questionnaire for Sasang constitution, many researches have followed it to verify statistical significancy. However, a few problems about validity of some questionnaires were discovered later on due to the lack of researches about it. Firstly, some questionnaires have different meaning from that of the original Dongyi Suse Bowon. Secondly, belief on statistical significancy sometimes misleads the questions for a certain Sasang constitution to be used for a different Sasang constitution. Thirdly, profound concepts of original Dongyi Suse Bowon are sometimes abandoned or ignored in the excuse of low statistical significancy. Fourthly, it is still difficult to identify Sasang constitution of Taeyangin due to lack of population, sample, and questions. The purpose of this thesis is to minimize the problems related with interpretation and fitness of the questionnaires. The author developed a questionnaire of 48 questions and surveyed with it over 200 patients who visited Jeon-ju Woosuk hospital. This research resulted in a bit of resolution of the problems through statistical comparison between the survey and clinical analysis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2004

Purpose This study is to find the characteristics of voice quality based on the classifying the sound characteristics and B.M.I. by Sasang Constitution. Methods To make the notion of the consensus of Sasang Constitution's Voice, classification into 4 categories was made: clear/hoarse, high/low, powerful/powerless, fast/slow. Result The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as powerful and fast, and that of Taeumin group was classified as powerful and hoarse and low, and that of Soeumin group was classified as powerless and clear. The mean B.M.I. of Soeumin group was classified as 21.4, and that of Taeumin group was classified as 26.3. Conclusion 1. Taeumin was significantly high compared with Soeumin in B.M.I. 2. It can be classified as Taeumin when B.M.I. is high(26.3). 3. It can be classified as Soeumin when B.M.I. is low(21.4). 4. The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as clear and fast, or strong and clear, and that of Taeumin group as powerful and hoarse, and that of Soeumin group as powerless and low.