• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.273-284
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of upper limb, trunk, and pelvis kinematic variables on the velocity of Apkubi Momtong Baro Jireugi in Taekwondo. Method: Twenty Taekwondo Poomsae athletes (age: $20.8{\pm}2.2years$, height: $171.5{\pm}7.0cm$, body weight: $66.2{\pm}8.0kg$) participated in this study. The variables were upper limb velocity and acceleration; trunk angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration; pelvis angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration; and waist angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for Jireugi velocity and kinematic variables; multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate influence on Jireugi velocity. Results: Angular trunk acceleration and linear upper arm punching acceleration had significant effects on Jireugi velocity (p<.05). Conclusion: We affirmed that angular trunk acceleration and linear upper arm punching acceleration increase the Jireugi velocity.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2023

태권도 겨루기의 전자호구, 축구의 VAR 등 스포츠에서 기술 발전이 고도화되고 있다. 하지만 태권도 품새는 사람이 직접 자세를 눈으로 보고 판단하며 지도하기 때문에 때로는 대회의 현장에서 판정시비가 일어난다. 본 연구는 인공지능을 이용하여 태권도 동작을 더 정확하게 판단하고 평가할 수 있는 인공지능 모델을 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 촬영 및 수집한 데이터를 전처리한 후 학습, 테스트, 검증 세트로 분리한다. 분리한 데이터를 각 모델과 조건을 적용하여 학습한 후 비교하여 가장 좋은 성능의 모델을 제시한다. 각 조건의 모델은 정확도, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, 학습 소요 시간, Top-n error의 값을 비교하였고 그 결과 ResNet50과 Adam을 사용한 조건에서 학습한 모델의 성능이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시한 모델을 활용하여 교육 현장이나 대회 등 다양한 방면에서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2014

This study comparatively analyzed the speed and segment coordination characteristics of Taekwondo hand techniques, while different attention focusing strategies were utilized. Ten elite Taekwondo poomsae athletes participated, and three different strategies (no focus, target focus, body focus) were utilized in random order. The hand velocity and upper body segment coordination characteristics were analyzed, with the following results. First, the maximum magnitudes of the hand velocity differed between the focus conditions for the Araenaereomakgi and Momtongjireugi techniques. Second, the angular velocity and kinetic energy transfer patterns of the segments differed between the focus conditions, and in the case of the body focus condition, the movement was more correct according to the theory. Third, the shoulder and elbow joint coordination patterns differed between the focus conditions, with more efficient movement shown with the body focus condition. In conclusion, we confirmed the potential of effectively using an attention focusing strategy in a taekwondo teaching situation. However, the effect on the movement coordination and results of the movement could be changed by a difference in the cue provided or the type of the task. In addition, depending on the task, the attention focusing strategy could affect the efficiency of the movement. Therefore, coaches and masters of Taekwondo will have to constitute determine the appropriate attention focusing cues based on the task.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study is to identify the appropriate movement for maintaining postural balance during Front Kick and Turning Side Kick motions. To do so, ten Taekwondo athletes: five skilled players(S, body mass: $65.0{\pm}5.8kg$, height: $172.3{\pm}3.7cm$, age: $20.0{\pm}1.2yrs$, career: $9.0{\pm}1.9yrs$) and five less-skilled players(LS, body mass: $67.1{\pm}5.5kg$, height: $173.2{\pm}5.1cm$, age: $19.4{\pm}1.7yrs$, career: $9.6{\pm}1.7yrs$) participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on the participants using eight infrared cameras and two force plate(sampling frequency of 200 Hz and 2000 Hz for S and LS players, respectively). The participants' motions were divided into: a front-kick phase(P1) and a turning-side-kick phase(P2). For P2(p<.05), the range and root mean square(RMS) of the ground reaction torque and the M-L mean velocity of COP were greater for LS than for S; similarly, for P2(p<.05), the M-L range, A-P range, and velocity of the COP were greater for LS than for S. Further, the M-L range and maximum velocity of the COP was greater for failure than for success(p<.05). The femoral biceps muscle for bending the knee joint was significantly stronger in S than in LS(p<.05). It is expected that these results will be useful in developing a training program for improving the balance and stability of Taekwondo poomsae athletes and improve their front-kick and turning-side-kick motions.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the balance differences between skilled players and less-skilled players during Hakdariseogi motion of Keumgang Poomsae in Taekwondo. To achieve the study goal, total of 10 Taekwondo athletes; 5 skilled players(S, body mass: $67.0{\pm}5.7$ kg, height: $174.0{\pm}4.8$ cm, age: $20.0{\pm}2.0$ yrs) and 5 less-skilled players(LS, body mass: $73.0{\pm}4.9$ kg, height: $176.4{\pm}6.1$ cm, age: $20.8{\pm}1.3$ yrs) participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and one force plate whose sampling frequency as 30 Hz and 300 Hz, respectively, were performed. Participants' motion were divided into three phases which were preparation phase(P1), performing phase(P2) and maintaining phase(P3). The range and velocities of COP, the range and RMS of ground reaction torque and displacement between COM and center of BOS of each phase were computed. In this study, at P1 and P3 which were double and single stance, respectively, the range and M-L velocities of COP revealed significantly higher in LS compared with those of S(p<.05). At P2 which was single stance, LS indicated significantly higher in range of COP and ground reaction torque, and M-L velocities of COP than those of S(p<.05). The significantly shorter displacement between COM and center of BOS, however, was found in LS compared with that of S(p<.05). The results from our study indicated that S revealed more stable performance and a better posture control ability during performing Hakdariseogi motion.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle mechanical properties of the pelvic axial pre-rotational movement for the Jireugi in the Taekwondo Juchumseogi stance. Eleven elite Taekwondo Poomsae athletes participated. Each participant performed 5 right hand Jireugi in Juchumseogi stance as fast and strong as possible while their motion was recorded by a 3D motion analysis system and the ground reaction forces by two force plates. The power and work of the muscular group surrounding the waist were analyzed to verify the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) theory. The cause of the greater power seems to be the application of the SSC by the muscles surrounding the waist during the preparation phase of the pre-rotation group. For the none pre-rotation group, they only used the concentric contraction of the muscles surrounding the waist. Because the pre-rotation group used the SSC theory, they had the effect of shortening of the range of movement, creating a fast and more powerful rotation, thus anticipating the increase the magnitude of impact.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.395-407
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 G-Theory를 적용하여 태권도 품새 평가항목에 대한 채점자 간 평가점수의 신뢰도를 추정하기 위해 G-연구로 경기일 수, 채점자 수를 다중오차원으로 선정하고 이들 변인간의 상호작용으로 인한 오차변량의 상대적 크기에 의해 오차원을 분석하고, G-연구의 결과를 토대로 D-연구를 수행하여 최적의 측정조건을 결정하는 데 목적이 있다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. G-Theory를 적용하여 태권도 품새 평가항목 중 정확성에 대해 분산성분 추정치를 추정한 결과, 오차의 영향력은 채점자국면에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각 설계에 따른 상호효과 (피험자 내), 피험자 간 순서였으며, 표현성 평가항목에 대한 분산성분 추정치 오차의 영향력은 상호효과 (피험자 내)국면에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각 설계에 따른 피험자 간, 채점자 국면 순으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 D-연구를 통하여 일반화가능도계수를 추정한 결과, 채점자 수에 따른 최적수준의 측정조건은 정확성 평가항목에서 8명의 채점자일 때 안정적인 신뢰도를 얻을 수 있으며, 표현성 평가항목에서는 7명의 채점자일 때 안정적인 신뢰도를 얻었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental information for success factors of techniques through kinematic analysis including coordination of lower extremities and landing stability according to the success and failure of $540^{\circ}$ Dwihuryeochagi in Taekwondo. Twenty Taekwondo athletes: ten success group (S, age: $22.3{\pm}1.8$ yrs, height: $172.1{\pm}5.4$ cm, body mass: $64.4{\pm}4.2$ kg) and ten failure group (F, age: $22.3{\pm}1.8$ yrs, height: $172.1{\pm}5.4$ cm, body mass: $64.4{\pm}4.2$ kg) participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras with a sampling of 60 fields/s was performed during the competition of $540^{\circ}$ Dwihuryeochagi. Motions were divided into five events: pivot foot landing (E1), pivot foot toe off (E2), COM max height (E3), kick impact (E4) and landing (E5). At E1, the stride width was greater for S than for F (p<.05) while the time was greater for S than for F during P4 (p<.05). At E4, knee angle was greater for S than for F (p<.05). At E5, hip angle was greater for S than for F (p<.05) while kick distance was greater for S than for F (p<.05). Furthermore, at P3, the time would be related to kicking velocity (p<.05), while at P4, the time, range of hip angle and knee angle would be related to kick distance (p<.05). At P1, COM horizontal velocity would be related to COM vertical velocity of P1 and P2 (p<.05). Based on the findings, success factors of $540^{\circ}\acute{y}$ Dwihuryeochagi were COM horizontal velocity of P1, COM vertical velocity of P2, the time, kick distance, velocity, angle of lower extremities and coordination of P3-P4.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to help improve game performance and provide preliminary data to enhance the efficiency of the kick and stability of the support foot by comparing the kinematic characteristics of the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi) in poomsaeKoryo between expert and non-expert groups. Method: The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to proficiency in Taekwondo, an expert group and a non-expert group (n = 7 in each group), to observe the repeated side-kick technique. Four video cameras were set at a speed of 60 frames/sec and exposure time of 1/500 sec to measure the kinematic factors of the 2 groups. The Kwon3D XPprogramas used to collect and analyze three-dimensional spatial coordinates. Ground reaction force data were obtained through a force plate with a 1.200-Hz frequency. An independent samplesttest was performed, and statistical significance was defined as .05. The SPSS 18.0 software was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the kinematic factors and to identify the difference between the experts and non-experts. Results: The angular displacement of the hip joint in both the expert and non-expert groups showed statistical significance on E1 and E4 of the left support foot and E5 of the right foot (p<.05). The angle displacement of the knee joint in both groups showed statistical significance on E4 of the left support foot, and E1 and E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the lower leg in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 and E6 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the foot in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The vertical ground reaction force in both groups showed statistical significance on E2 (p<.05). The center of pressure in all directions in both groups showed statistical significance (p<.5). Conclusion: While performing the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi), the experts maintainedconsistency and stability of the angle of the support leg while the kick foot moved high and fast. On the other hand, the angle of the support foot of non-experts appeared inconsistent, and the kick foot was raised, relying on the support leg, resulting in unstable and inaccurate movement.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 태권도를 전공하는 대학생들의 태권도 내용을 파악하고 전문지식과 실무능력을 향상시키는 것이다. 연구대상은 대학태권도지도자, 국내와 국외 태권도 실무지도자로 하였다. 조사방법은 델파이 조사를 하였고, 1차는 개방형 질문으로 구성하여 실기 능력을 개선하기 위한 개선점을 학교의 개선점과 학생의 개선점으로 구분하였다. 2차 델파이 조사는 학교와 학생으로 구분한 질문에 응답하도록 하였고 Likert 5점 척도를 사용하였다. 3차 델파이 조사 결과 태권도에 대한 전문지식과 전문 실기 능력(품새, 겨루기, 시범)을 갖추어야 하는 필요성과 문제점을 이야기하였고, 그 문제점을 바탕으로 대학에서는 '종목별 전문지식을 쌓을 수 있도록 동기부여 필요' '학생들에게 수련 기회 제공', '다양한 진로 방향을 제시' 등이 나타났다. 학생들의 경우 '전공 종목 이외에 다른 종목의 취업 가능성 인식', '태권도 종목별 우월감을 버리고 소통할 수 있는 노력', '다른 종목을 배워야 하는 필요성 제고' 그리고 '생활체육 태권도 관심 유도 노력' 등이 주요주제로 밝혀졌다. 대학프로그램에 있어서 현장에서 적용·가능하도록 개선해야 할 필요성과 학생들의 인지도 변화가 절실히 필요함을 알 수 있었다.