• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2013

In this study, the effects of Doenjang powder (DP : Korean traditional fermented soy bean paste) addition on the quality and shelf-life of chicken sausages during storage were evaluated. The chicken sausages were manufactured with 60% of chicken breast meat, 20% of chicken skin and other ingredients. The sausages were divided into four treatments according to DP addition level such as 0, 2, 5 and 8%. The sausages were vacuum packed and stored at a refrigerator ($5^{\circ}C$) for 4 weeks. pH of sausage was in creased with DP addition after 2 weeks storage (p<0.05). The addition of 2% and 5% DP decreased the lipid oxidation (TBARS) value (p<0.05) and addition of 8% DP seemed to promote the protein deterioration (VBN) over the storage (p<0.05). In the instrumental color, the chicken sausages with 5% and 8% DP showed higher redness and lower lightness value than sausage with 0 and 2% DP (p<0.05) over the storage. The hardness and gumminess of chicken sausages added with 5% DP were significantly lower than those of other treatments during the storage (p<0.05). The addition of DP detained the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts after 2 week of storage (p<0.05), but no significant difference was found by DP addition level (p>0.05). In conclusion, 5% DP could be used as ingredient of chicken sausage to enhance sensory quality and retard lipid oxidation.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the preliminarily result of the radiologic disappearance of the calcific material, regardless of the size, type or location, on one-time ultrasonographic (US) assisted needling for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Materials and Methods: From March to August 2011, 46 patients (47 shoulders) with symptomatic calcific tendinitis were treated by one-time US assisted needling. Initially, a diagnostic US was performed with patient to determine the locations, numbers and sizes of calcific deposits. After 1% lidocaine local anesthesia, the calcific material was punctured with an 18-gauge needle under US monitoring. If no calcific material was aspirated after 2 or 3 additional attempts, the deposits was performed multiple puncture to achieve decompression. And then all patients were performed subacromial corticosteroid injection. All patients were followed up 4 weeks after procedure. To assess the radiologic disappearance after one-time US assisted needling, simple radiographs of the treated shoulder were performed and size, dense, and morphology of the calcific deposits were compared with those in baseline radiographs. For clinical evaluations, visual analogue scale for pain and function (PVAS and FVAS), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were assessed. Results: There were 11 male and 35 female patients with the mean age of 53.8 years (28-71). The morphology of the calcific deposits were 31 type A and 16 type B by French Arthroscopic Society classification and mean size was $2.9{\pm}6.7$ mm before the procedure. At 4 weeks after the index procedure, the radiographic unchanged group was included in 10 cases and changed group was 37 cases. No intergroup difference for the clinical results after the procedure was evident, but group FAS classification before the procedure was significantly different (p=0.011). Conclusion: At 4 weeks after one-time US assisted needling for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, the radiographic size- or dense-changed cases were showed in 79%, regardless of the size, type or location of the calcific material. But the radiographic nearly or complete disappearance were showed in only 21%.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2019

Purpose: Radiation therapy for breast cancer should consider the change in breast shape due to breathing and swelling. In this study, we evaluate the benefit of using virtual bolus for IMRT of left breast cancer. Materials and methods: 10 patients with early breast cancer who received radiation therapy after breastconserving surgery compared the VMAT and IMRT plans using the virtual bolus method and without using it. The first analysis compared the V95%, HI, CI of treatment volume, Dmean, V5, V20, V30 of ipsilateral lung, and Dmean of heart in VMAT plan made using the virtual bolus method(VMAT_VB) to the plan without using it(VMAT_NoVB) in case there is no change in the breast. In IMRT, the same method was used. The second analysis compared TCP and NTCP based on each treatment plan in case there is 1cm expansion of treatment volume. Result: If there is no change in breast, V95% in VB Plan(VMAT_VB, IMRT_VB) and NoVB Plan(VMAT_NoVB, IMRT_NoVB) is all over 99% on each treatment plan. V95% in VMAT_NoVB and VMAT_VB is 99.80±0.17% and 99.75±0.12%, V95% in IMRT_NoVB and IMRT_VB is 99.67±0.26% and 99.51±0.15%. Difference of HI, CI is within 3%. OAR dose in VB plan is a little high than NoVB plan, and did not exceed guidelines. If there is 1cm change in breast, VMAT_NoVB and IMRT_NoVB are less effective for treatment. But VMAT_VB and IMRT_VB continue similar treatment effect compared in case no variation of breast. Conclusion: This study confirms the benefit of using a virtual bolus during VMAT and IMRT to compensate potential breast shape modification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2013

This study was conducted to know the effect of major physical-chemical characteristics of soil to be in the area of indigenous and naturalized plant in the sand dune of the western coastal area of Korea. The study was performed on the sand dunes distributed across Taean-gun and Buan-gun and the study period was from April to October in 2010. Sixty nine of $5m{\times}5m$ study plots were installed and the distribution of plants were investigated. We measured the soil characteristics including soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available $P_2O_5$, soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cation, EC and NaCl. As a result, soil texture was classified as sand, in case of average pH, NaCl, and EC of soil to be in the area of indigenous herbaceous plant were 7.77, 0.03% and $0.52ds.m^{-1}$, indigenous woody plant of the mean pH, NaCl and EC were 7.31, 0.01%, $0.23ds.m^{-1}$. In case of naturalized herbaceous plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.12, 0.01%, $0.29ds.m^{-1}$, naturalized woody plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.34, 0.01%, $0.20ds.m^{-1}$ respectively. On average, naturalize plants showed in low salinity concentration than indigenous plants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of barley (Huinchalssalbori) and domestic wheats (Keumkangmil, Baegjoongmil, Jogyeongmil). The pH and total acidity of mixed Makgeolli were 4.04~4.12% and 0.94~1.06%, respectively. The total acidity, sugar and alcohol contents of Makgeolli, but not pH, varied significantly by wheat cultivar (p<0.05). In terms of color values, the L-value of Baegjoongmil, a-value and b-value of Keumkangmil were highest. The reducing sugar contents was approximately 5.65~7.85 mg/mL, and those of Jogyeongmil and imported wheat were approximately 5.70 mg/mL lower. The yeast cell numbers did not differ significantly, with the exception of in the rice Makgeolli (p<0.05). Among the organic acids (citric, malic, pyruvic and lactic acids) in Makgeolli, citric acid was present at the highest concentration. Regarding the sensory characteristics of Makgeolli mixed with barley and wheat, taste and overall acceptability were highest in Baegjoongmil, and appearance and flavor were highest in Keumkangmil. The rice Makgeolli showed the lowest sensory values, with the exception of appearance. The results of this study suggest that mixing Makgeolli with barley and wheat is an expected to replace the wheat materials in the domestic wheat to be imported.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find out chemistry teachers' perceptions on the aims and characteristics of the chemistry I course from the 7th national curriculum by means of investigating how frequently particular learning contents were selected and what the teachers' teaching styles were in order to find out how effectively teachers were working with the 7th national curriculum in teaching. For this study, data was collected by means of questionnaires, which was answered by 44 chemistry teachers in 40 different high schools. Results from this study are as follows: As for the perception on the aim and characteristics of chemistry I course, many chemistry teachers have already perceived that the aim of the course was to promote democratic citizens with the knowledge of chemistry. And the most appropriate way of teaching chemistry I course was inquiry-centered teaching such as experiment-practice and inquiry-discussion. However, these perceptions were not reflected when they actually taught students in the classroom. Instead, most of the class was concepts learning and there were a lot of differences in selecting learning contents among chemistry teachers. Furthermore, although chemistry I course was considered a good subject to make students have interest and curiosity in chemistry, it was not appropriate to make students understand the concepts of chemistry. Therefore, learning contents in chemistry I course need to improve. In conclusion, as the goal of 7th national curriculum of chemistry I course was to emphasize inquiry teaching, inquiry based teaching should be practiced in the class. Moreover, sufficient teacher training should be accompanied and alternative additional teaching contents should be developed. Finally teachers' experiences should be reflected in the national curriculum when it is revised.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2006

To compare the content of natural existence with artificial addition experimental subject of 152 cases(25 kinds) were classified by two category of 42 fresh samples(14 kinds) and 110 processed samples(23 kinds). The content of sulfur dioxide were determined by Monnier-Williams's modified method. In mean content of 42 non-processed samples studied the range of contents was between 0.00 and 9.46 mg/kg. Radish contained the highest amount of sulfur dioxide(8.97 mg/kg), followed by onion(8.04 mg/kg). In mean content of 110 processed samples studied, the range of content was between 0.00 and 1,828.59 mg/kg. Gourd contained the highest amount of sulfur dioxide(1,064.61 mg/kg), followed by apricot(869.62 mg/kg), dried persimmon(64.11 mg/kg), dried radish(29.00 mg/kg), dried pumpkin(17.63 mg/kg), and those were lowe. than criteria. To supply safe food for the citizens, the quantitative level is required to be reinforced to supply safe foot continuously.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish the production conditions through optimization of the production process of beverages using Aspergillus oryzae CF1001, and to analyze volatile compounds and antidiabetic activity. Methods: The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables gelatinization temperature (GT, $X_1$), saccharogenic time (ST, $X_2$), and dependent variable; ${\Delta}E$ value (y). The condition with the lowest ${\Delta}E$ value occurred with combined 45 min ST and $50^{\circ}C$ GT. The volatile compounds were analyzed quantitatively by GC-MS. Results: Assessment of antidiabetic activity of saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) was determined by measurement of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, and glucose uptake activity and glucose metabolic protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Results of volatile compounds analysis, 62 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in SMGB. Palmitic acid (9.534% ratio), benzaldehyde (8.948% ratio), benzyl ethyl ether (8.792% ratio), ethyl alcohol (8.35% ratio), and 2-amyl furan (4.826% ratio) were abundant in SMGB. We confirmed that ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, glucose uptake activity, and glucose-metabolic proteins were upregulated by SMGB treatment with concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) showed potential antidiabetic activity. Further studies will be needed in order to improve the taste and functionality of SMGB.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2009

The common word flavonoids is often used to classify a family of natural compounds, highly abundant in all higher plants, that have received significant therapeutic interest in recent years. Naringin is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer and other chronic diseases; however the molecular basis of this effect remains to be elucidated. Thus we attempted to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of Naringin in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. The OVA-induced mice showed allergic reactions in the airways. These included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of Naringin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that Naringin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of Naringin in terms of its effects on asthma in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.547-560
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• 2010

The optimum culture condition of Schizophyllum commune for the cellulase production and its enzymatic characteristics for saccharification of cellulosic biomass were analyzed. S. commune secrets ${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase (BXL) and cellulases, including endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase (EG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL). The optimum reaction temperature for all cellulases was $50^{\circ}C$ and the thermostable range was $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$C. The optimum reaction pH for all cellulases was 5.5 in a range of temperature from $0^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The best nutritions for the cellulase production of S. commune among tested nutrients were 2% cellulose for the carbon source and corn steep liquor or peptone/yeast extract for the nitrogen source without vitamins. The environmental culture condition for the cellulase production was 5.5~6.0 for pH at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activities of EG, BGL, CBH, and BXL were 3670.5, 631.9, 398.5, and 15.2 U/$m{\ell}$, respectively, after concentration forty times from the culture broth of S. commune which was grown at the optimized culture condition. Alternative filter paper unit assay showed 11 FPU/$m{\ell}$ enzyme activity. The saccharification tests using cellulase of S. commune showed the low saccharification rate on tested hardwoods but a high value of 50.5% on cellulose, respectively. The saccharification rate (50.5%) of cellulose by cellulase produced in this work is higher than 45.7% in the commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5L, 30 FPU/g, glucan).