• Title/Summary/Keyword: TSP on the Line

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Partial Inverse Traveling Salesman Problems on the Line

  • Chung, Yerim;Park, Myoung-Ju
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2019
  • The partial inverse optimization problem is an interesting variant of the inverse optimization problem in which the given instance of an optimization problem need to be modified so that a prescribed partial solution can constitute a part of an optimal solution in the modified instance. In this paper, we consider the traveling salesman problem defined on the line (TSP on the line) which has many applications such as item delivery systems, the collection of objects from storage shelves, and so on. It is worth studying the partial inverse TSP on the line, defined as follows. We are given n requests on the line, and a sequence of k requests that need to be served consecutively. Each request has a specific position on the real line and should be served by the server traveling on the line. The task is to modify as little as possible the position vector associated with n requests so that the prescribed sequence can constitute a part of the optimal solution (minimum Hamiltonian cycle) of TSP on the line. In this paper, we show that the partial inverse TSP on the line and its variant can be solved in polynomial time when the sever is equiped with a specific internal algorithm Forward Trip or with a general optimal algorithm.

A Study on Airborne Concentrations of $SO_2$, TSP and Air Quality Standards of a Subway Stations (지하철 구내의 대기 중 $SO_2$, TSP 농도와 대기 허용기준에 관한 연구)

  • 김성천
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 1993
  • The airborne concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide and Total Suspended Particulates were investigated in 4 subway lines in Seoul at early summer, 1990 and early summer, 1991. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The airborne concentrations of SO$_2$ and TSP were 0.022 ppm, 445.7 $\mu$g/m$^3$ respectively. And percents of over annual air quality standard of WHO was that SO$_2$ and TSP were 41.7%, 100% respectively. 2. Airborne SO$_2$ concentrations by subway lines were that line 1 was 0.025 ppm, line 2 was 0.023 ppm, line 3 was 0.020 ppm, and line 4 was 0.017 ppm. And TSP concentrations by subway lines were that line 2 was 533.8 $\mu$g/m$^3$, line 1 was 516.5 $\mu$g/m$^3$, line 4 was 371.6 $\mu$g/m$^3$, and line 3 was 369.3 $\mu$g/m$^3$ 3. Annual variation of concentration of TSP was not significant statistically (t=0.327), and that of SO$_2$, in 1990 was slightly higher than that in 1991 (t=1.433, p<0.1). 4. Coefficients of correlation between TSP and SO$_2$ by years were that early summer, 1990 was r=0.277 (p>0.1), and early summer, 1991 was r=0.32 (p>0.1).

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Helixor A Inhibits Angiogenesis in vitro Via Upregutation of Thrombospondin-1 (Helixor A는 시험관 내에서 thrombospondin-1의 상승조절을 통해 신혈관생성을 억제한다.)

  • Yeom Dong-Hoon;Hong Kyong-Ja
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.15 no.6 s.73
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    • pp.895-903
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    • 2005
  • Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a negative regulator in tumor growth and angiogenesis, is cell-type specifically regulated under pathological conditions or by extracellular stimuli, and the regulation of TSP-1 gene expression is important for developing new approaches in tumor therapy. Mistletoe is a parasitir plant that have been used for immunomodulation and antitumor therapy. Helixor A is an aqueous part of mistletoes extract. Here we showed that TSP-1 expression was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels in the Hepatocarcinorna cell line (Hep3B) and primary bovine endothelial cell line (BAE) exposed to Helixor A. Our promoter analysis confirmed that the expression of TSP-1 gene was regulated by Helixor A at the transcriptional level. In cell invasion assay, the conditioned media obtained from treatment of these cells significantly reduced the number of invasive cells and also inhibited capillary-like tube formation of BAE cells on Matrigel. Moreover, the inhibitory efforts of the conditioned media on cell invasion and tube formation were reversed by blocking with anti-TSP-1 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that TSP-1 is involved in Helixor A-indured antiangiogenic effect. Taken together, our results suggest that Helixor A have an antiangiogenic effects through upregulation of TSP-1.

Analysis of Tour Information Services using Agent-based Simulation (시뮬레이션 모형을 통한 관광정보서비스 효과 분석)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Myeong;O, Jun-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.24 no.6 s.92
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    • pp.103-117
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    • 2006
  • This study develops an agent-based simulation model to evaluate tourist information systems under ubiquitous environment. In this study, individual tourist's activity chaining behavior is formulated as a utility maximization problem. The underlying assumption of the model is that tourists increase their activities within their time and budget constraints to maximize their utilities. The model seeks individual's optimal tour schedule by solving Prize-Collecting Multiple-Day Traveling Salesman Problem(PC MD TSP). The simulation-based evaluation framework allows investigating individual utility gains by their information type and the total expenditure at each tour attractions. The real-time tour activity scheduling system enables tourists to optimize their tour activities by minimizing their time loss and maximizing their opportunity to use high utility facilities.

An Evaluation of Short-Term Concentrations of CO and TSP From Vehicle Emissions Near Highway (차량 배출물로 인한 고속도로변 CO 및 TSP의 단기 오염 농도의 평가)

  • 장미숙;이진홍
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 1994
  • The research described in this paper is conducted to estimate the short-term concentrations of nonreactive pollutants such as CO and TSP from vehicle emissions near Kyungbu Highway. An emphasis is placed on the development of a model for a hourly traffic volume for each vehicle type, which is based on real traffic data. By using the model and the calculated emission factor due to vehicle speed for each vehicle type, the emission rate of CO and TSP for each traffic line is computed. The hourly emission rate and meteorological data are used to simulate by HIWAY-2 for the distance of 5m and 10m from the downwind edge of Kyungbu Highway located in relatively uncomplicated terrain.

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Emission Estimation of Air Pollutants in Kimhae Area (김해시 대기오염물질 배출량 산정)

  • 박종길;김종필;김지형
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.647-652
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    • 1998
  • This study is to find out the emission estimation in Kimhae area. For this purpose, the Kimhae statistical yearbook and data of waste facilities issued by Kimhae city and the report on energy census issued by the ministry of trade, industry and energy are used. Each item for the emission estimation is $SO_2$, CO, HC, Nox, TSP from point, line, area sources. The results were as follows; The air pollutants with the highest mont of emission from the emission sources is CO followed by Nox, $SO_2$, TSP, HC in descending order of magnitude. The emission consists of 66.15% of line, 24.65% of area and 9.20% of point sources at Kimhae.

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Path Optimization Using an Genetic Algorithm for Robots in Off-Line Programming (오프라인 프로그래밍에서 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 로봇의 경로 최적화)

  • Kang, Sung-Gyun;Son, Kwon;Choi, Hyeuk-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.66-76
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    • 2002
  • Automated welding and soldering are an important manufacturing issue in order to lower the cost, increase the quality, and avoid labor problems. An off-line programming, OLP, is one of the powerful methods to solve this kind of diversity problem. Unless an OLP system is ready for the path optimization in welding and soldering, the waste of time and cost is unavoidable due to inefficient paths in welding and soldering processes. Therefore, this study attempts to obtain path optimization using a genetic algorithm based on artificial intelligences. The problem of welding path optimization is defined as a conventional TSP (traveling salesman problem), but still paths have to go through welding lines. An improved genetic algorithm was suggested and the problem was formulated as a TSP problem considering the both end points of each welding line read from database files, and then the transit problem of welding line was solved using the improved suggested genetic algorithm.

Suppression of Thrombospondin-1 Expression by PMA in the Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells (정상 돼지 대동맥 내피세포에서 PMA에 의한 thrombospondin-1 발현 억제)

  • Chang, Seo-Yoon;Kang, Jung-Hoon;Hong, Kyong-Ja
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.154-162
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    • 2004
  • Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a negative regulator in tumor growth and angiogenesis, is cell-type specifically regulated and at transcriptional level by external stimuli. Previously, we found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suppressed TSP-1 expression in porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cell, but enhanced in hepatoma cell line, Hep 3B cell. A region between -767 and -723 on the tsp-1 promoter was defined as a responsive site to the suppression in PAE cell. eased on the previous results, the molecular mechanism of TSP-1 expression was determined by characterizing interactions between cis-elements and trans-factors using three overlapped oligonucleotide probes, oligo a-1 (from -767 to -738), a-2 (-759 to -730) and a-3 (-752 to -723). The results from electromobility shift assay showed that PMA-induced suppression of TSP-1 transcription in PAE cell might be caused via a negative regulator binding to the region from -752 to -730 and additionally generated by lacking two positive regulators binding to the sites from -767 to -760 and from -752 to -730. Especially, PMA enhanced the binding ability of the negative regulator to the site from -752 to -730 in PAE cell, but anti-c-Jun did not affected its binding ability.

Path Optimization for Welding/Soldering Robots Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm

  • Kang, Sung-Gyun;Kwon, Son;Choi, Hyuk-Jin
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.180.6-180
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    • 2001
  • Welding/soldering automation is one of the most important manufacturing issues in order to lower the cost, increase the quality, and avoid labor problems. An off-line programming, OLP, is one of the powerful methods to solve this kind of diver sity problem, Unless an OLP system is ready for the path optimization in welding/soldering, a waste of time and cost is unavoidable due to an inefficient path in welding/soldering processes. Therefore, this study attempts to obtain path optimization using a genetic algorithm based on artificial intelligences. The problem of the welding path optimization is defined as conventional TSP (traveling salesman problem), but still paths have to go through welding lines. An improved genetic algorithm was suggested and the problem was formulated as a TSP problem considering ...

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A Study on the Emission Estimate of Pollutants in Pusan (부산지역에서의 오염물 배출량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • 김유근;이화운;전병일;방종선
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.361-367
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    • 1996
  • In order to accurately predict air pollution concentration according to reduction of air pollutant emission, a numerical model is needed. And the total emission amount of air pollutants should be estimated to explain the air pollution phenomena. The characteristics of the emission amount from area, line, and point sources in Pusan were studied by using emission data during one year (1992). The result showed that the annual total emission amount of pollutant is about 299,744 tons in Pusan. The emission consists of 31.8% of $SO_2$, 48.4% of CO, 4.6% of HC, 11.0% of NOx and 4.1% of TSP, as well as 52.1% of line, 24.1% of area and 23.7% of point sources. The result also showed that emission amount becomes larger in winter than that of the others.

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