• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 1993

Background: Panting method for airway resistance measurement has the disadvantages of departing from the normal breathing pattern and of difficult for some patients to perform. We can measure airway resistance during quiet breathing under more physiologic conditions. Airway resistance is often measured during panting but attempts have been made to facilitate resistance measurements during quiet breathing. This study was designed to compare airway resistance measurements during panting with those during quiet breathing. Method: The 24 normal persons and 29 pulmonary disease patients were included in this study. Spirometry was performed and airway resistance measurement was also done during panting and quiet breathing concomittently. Results: The results were as follows; 1) High correlations were found between airway resistance measurements during panting and quiet breathing. 2) Resistance fell during panting, 21.2% in Raw tot, and 22.1% in Raw 0.5. 3) In normal persons, airway resistance fell more during panting when comparing to those in pulmonary disease patients. 4) This was largely independent of thoracic gas volume differences, because the specific airway conductance rose significantly during panting 5) The patients in whom resistance didn't fell during panting was supposed to the patients who couldn't perform panting successively because of high resistance. Conclusions: Although airway resistance can be measured during panting or quiet breathing according to the patient's performance, we must consider resistance fell during panting, by a mean 20%. It may be concluded that quiet breathing is more likely than panting to provide a relevant measurement of airway resistance.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

1. Objectives and Methods Sasang Constitutional Medicine is the original Korean Medicine. The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution. 212 Women's sentences were analyzed into 228 factors like Pitch, APQ, Shimmer, Octave and Energy, etc. Women's sentences were classified into 3 categories: total group, under 54 years old group and over 55 years old group. 2. Results 1) In Total group Soyangin's Center feq.(3) was significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Taeumin groups. Taeumin's Pitch2 was significantly high compared with Soeumin and Taeyangin groups. Taeyangin's Pitch S.D. was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Taeyangin's Octave6 was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. There were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ and Shimmer segment. On the point of Energy, Taeyangin's G Tot E(1), G# Tot E(1), G dev.(1), G# dev.(1), G Tot E(2), G# Tot E(2), G dev.(4) and G# dev.(4) were significantly high compared with other groups. Soyangin's A#S.D.(2) was significantly high compared with Taeyangin group. Taeyangin's A#S.D.(3) was significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Taeyangin's F S.D.(5), F# S.D.(5) and Max Average were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeumin's Peak3 and Peak4 were significantly high compared with Taeyangin group. Taeumin's PeakValue1 was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's PeakValue2 was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's PeakValue3 and PeakValue5 were significantly high compared with Other groups. 2) In Under 54 years old group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ, Shimmer and Octave segment. Taeumin's Center freq.(2) was significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Soyangin groups. Taeumin's Pitch(2) and Pitch(3) were significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Soeumin groups. Taeyangin's and Taeumin's Pitch S.D. were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Taeyangin's and Soyangin's Octave2 were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. On the point of Energy, Taeyangin's and Soyangin's A# S.D.(2) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's and Soyangin's G# dev.(1), G# dev.(2) were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Taeyangin's and Taeumin's F# S.D.(3) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's and Soyangin's Max Average were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeumin's Peak3 was significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Soeumin groups. Taeyangin's and Taeumin's PeakValue2 were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's and Soeumin's PeakValue3 were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Taeyangin's and Soyangin's PeakValue5 were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Taeyangin's and Soyangin's PeakValue9 were significantly high compared with Taeumin group 3) In Over 55 years old group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ, and Peak segment. Soeumin's F Shimmer(1) and F Shimmer(2) were significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Taeumin groups. Soeumin's G# Shimmer(1) and G# Shimmer(2) were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Taeyangin's Octave5 and Octave6 were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. On the point of Energy, Soyangin's C S.D., F# S.D.(1), F# S.D.(2) and G dev.(2) were significantly high compared with other groups. Soyangin's F# S.D.(3) was significantly high compared with Taeumin and Soeumin groups. Taeyangin's and Taeumin's G# S.D.(2) and G# S.D.(3) were significantly high compared with Soyangin group 3. Conclusions From above result, there is the possibility of efficient standard guide for constitution diagnosis by analysis of voice

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.117-123
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• 2001

In 1990s, interest on Environment has been increased and Environment-oriented consumer's economic power accelerated the trend of preference for 'Environment-friendly material'. Moreover, the concept of 'Sick Building' Syndrome has been spread to the public and solution for the syndrome is required. 'Environment-friendly material'means that the material used is not harmful for the user's health, and on top of that, causes least harm to the environment during production/scrap process of the material itself. Decision of designers and architectures, as a result, is really crucial tot he environment issues. Above all, selecting the most environment-friendly material and design among possible candidates is natural and cost saving way. In the paper, couple of Evaluation Criterium for Material Selection are analyzed and objective linkage has been identified. With the result of analysis, methodology to minimize damage on environment during whole life cycle of the Interior Design has been sought for.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2014

Let M, N be modules over a ring R and $[M,N]=Hom_R(M,N)$. The concern is study of: (1) Some fundamental properties of [M, N] when [M, N] is regular or semipotent. (2) The substructures of [M, N] such as radical, the singular and co-singular ideals, the total and others has raised new questions for research in this area. New results obtained include necessary and sufficient conditions for [M, N] to be regular or semipotent. New substructures of [M, N] are studied and its relationship with the Tot of [M, N]. In this paper we show that, the endomorphism ring of a module M is regular if and only if the module M is semi-injective (projective) and the kernel (image) of every endomorphism is a direct summand.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is a powerful tool tot analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples, as well as, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In this study, qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Here, we present the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements lot various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV H+ micro beam (1-2 ${\mu}m$) accelerated by 3 MV single-end accelerator.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 1994

Joint mobilization refers to techniques that are used to treat joint dysfunction such as when there is stiffness reversible joint hypomobility, or pain. Currently there are several schools of thought and treatment techniques that are popular in the United States. and leading practitioners and educators are attempting to blend common points to yield more uniform treatment from the various approaches. In order to effectively use joint mobilization for treatment, the practitioner must know and be able to evaluate the anatomy, arthrokinematics, and pathology of the neuromusculoskeletal system and to recognize when the techniques are indicated or when other stretching techniques would be more effective for regaining lost motion. Indiscriminate use of joint mobilization techniques when tot indicted could lead to potential harm to the patient's joints.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.473-478
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• 2007

We analyze competitiveness of material and component industry(MCI) of Korea, China and Japan using trade data, OECD ITCS database with HS-code system. We use unit price indices, export unit price index, import unit price index, and TOT unit price index. These indices provide quality information from trade data of value and quantity. Our results show that there are quality gaps among three countries, and that China expand development potential, and the results vary as sectors. It implies that R&D investment to improve quality of MCI products is essential and that sector-specific policy is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.781-786
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• 2005

The binding energy in the n-type $GaAs/Al_xGa_{1-x}As$ quantum well is calculated. The shooting method, modified from the finite difference method, is used for the calculation of the subband energy level and its wave function. In order to account tot the change of the potential energy due to the charged particles, impurities and electrons, the self consistent method is employed. The wave function used for the calculation of the binding energy is assumed to be composed of the envelope function and hydrogenic 1s function. Then, the binding energies calculated by taking into account lot two different types of the hydrogenic 1s function are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2007

In this paper, a direct model reference adaptive fuzzy control (MRAFC) scheme is developed for the plant model whose structure is represented by the MIMO Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. The MRAFC scheme is proposed to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference signal lot the systems with uncertain or slowly time-varying parameters. The developed control law and adaptive law guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded. In addition, the plant state tracks the state of the reference model asymptotically with time tot any bounded reference input signal.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2004

Bluetooth can form many Piconets within the same location. This network topology can cause mutual interferences , and the effect of interference is critical when a tot of Bluetooth networks coexist. In this paper, the performances of Bluetooth networks under mutual interference is analyzed and simulated using the concept of bit error rate (BER)