• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.468-475
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• 1990

An In vitro protein sulfation in the soluble fraction of rat brain was charaderized further by an improved method of alkaline hydrolysis and thin layer ceflulose electrophoresis TLE) The protein sulfation was carried out in a reaction system containing [35 S] 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), Tris-maleate buffer (pH 8), MgCI$_2$, and soluble proteins from rat brain. The sulfated proteins were precipitated by acetone and alkaline hydrolysis was performed to obtain sulfated amino acids. The hydrolysate was separated further by TLE and the separated residues were identified by fluorography. The Iluorography of one-dimensional The showed at least nine sulfated residues including tryosine-O-sulfate. The other spots were not identified yet positively. General properties of protein sulfotransferases (PST) using this method were re-examined such as effects of concentrations of PAPS, pH, incubation temperature and $Mg^2$+. These results suggest a possible occurrence of several PST corresponding to each sulfated residue in rat brain and that the sulfation can occur not only in tyrosine but also in other residues as well.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of medically intractable epilepsy in adults and children, and mesial temporal sclerosis is the most common underlying cause of TLE. Unlike in the case of adults, TLE in infants and young children often has etiologies other than mesial temporal sclerosis, such as tumors, cortical dysplasia, trauma, and vascular malformations. Differences in seizure semiology have also been reported. Motor manifestations are prominent in infants and young children, but they become less obvious with increasing age. Further, automatisms tend to become increasingly complex with age. However, in childhood and especially in adolescence, the clinical manifestations are similar to those of the adult population. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy can lead to excellent postoperative seizure outcome in adults, but favorable results have been seen in children as well. Anterior temporal lobectomy may prove to be a more successful surgery than amygdalohippocampectomy in children with intractable TLE. The presence of a focal brain lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most reliable independent predictors of a good postoperative seizure outcome. Seizure-free status is the most important predictor of improved psychosocial outcome with advanced quality of life and a lower proportion of disability among adults and children. Since the brain is more plastic during infancy and early childhood, recovery is promoted. In contrast, long epilepsy duration is an important risk factor for surgically refractory seizures. Therefore, patients with medically intractable TLE should undergo surgery as early as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2014

This paper describes an improvement of space objects orbit prediction. To screen possible collisions between operational satellites and space objects, the TLE (Two-Line Element) was used as pseudo-measurement and than the orbit determination and orbit prediction were performed through the flight dynamics system. For determining the orbits, the state vectors were assumed by a series of TLEs within a certain period. The propagation error was analyzed according to the fitting period and a number of pseudo-observations. In order to find out the improvement of orbit prediction with the proposed method, KOMPSAT-2, 3 having the precise orbit in the meter-level range were first applied. Then the result applied to space objects under the same conditions was analyzed. As a result of the RMS error comparison with the orbit prediction of space object, the precision of orbit prediction was improved by approximately 90% for seven days prediction. The improved orbit prediction of space objects can be utilized in the daily analysis for initial screening of the close space objects at high risk.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of adding TES to LEY and FGE freezing extender for the sperm viability, acrosomal morphology and DNA fragmentation from miniature pig sperm, we evaluated sperm characteristics in TFGE, TLE and LEY with various thawing condition ($37^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec, 45 sec and $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 sec, respectively), and in different concentration of glycerol at 1%, 1.5%, 3%. The sperm viability and normal acrosome intact(NAI) in TFGE (Viability : $60.3{\pm}2.4$, NAI : $58.6{\pm}2.2%$), TLE ($61.3{\pm}2.4$, $62.2{\pm}2.2%$) extender significantly(p<0.05) increased than that in LEY ($50.2{\pm}2.4$, $54.5{\pm}2.2%$) extender thawed at $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 sec. According to the results from glycerol concentration, the viability and NAI of miniature pig sperm in 1.5% glycerol TLE ($66.1{\pm}3.2$, $66.2{\pm}1.0%$) was highest among the experimental groups. In accordance with this, DNA fragmentation rates was the lowest in TLE ($43.3{\pm}0.5%$) while that in LEY ($63.5{\pm}2.3%$) is the highest. Therefore, these results suggest that TLE extender method for freezing- thawing of miniature pig sperm increased the viability after thawing.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

Objective: The focus of this study is brain plasticity associated with semantic aspects of language function in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) Methods: Using longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), patterns of brain activation were observed in twelve left and seven right unilateral mTLE patients during a word-generation task relative to a pseudo-word reading task before and after anterior temporal section surgery. Results: No differences were observed in precentral activations in patients relative to normal controls (n = 12), and surgery did not alter the phonological-associated activations. The two mTLE patient groups showed left inferior prefrontal activations associated with semantic processing (word-generation>pseudo-word reading), as did control subjects. The amount of semantic-associated activation in the left inferior prefrontal region was negatively correlated with epilepsy duration in both patient groups. Following temporal resection, semantic-specific activations in inferior prefrontal region became more bilateral in left mTLE patients, but more left-lateralized in right mTLE patients. The longer the duration of epilepsy in the patients, the larger the increase in the left inferior prefrontal semantic-associated activation after surgery in both patient groups. Semantic activation of the intact hippocampus, which had been negatively correlated with seizure frequency, normalized after the epileptic side was removed. Conclusion: These results indicate alternation of semantic language network related to recruitment of left inferior prefrontal cortex and functional recovery of the hippocampus contralateral to the epileptogenic side, suggesting an intra- and inter-hemispheric reorganization following surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.312-321
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• 2000

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion (CCH) was helpful in discriminating mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and what other factors were related in the development of CCH on ictal brain SPECT. Materials and Methods: We conducted retrospective analysis in 59 patients with TLE (M:41, F:18; $27.4{\pm}7.8$ years old; mesial TLE: 51, lateral TLE: 8), which was confirmed by invasive EEG and surgical outcome (Engel class I, II). All the patients underwent ictal Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT and their injection time from ictal EEG onset on video EEG monitoring ranged from 11 sec to 75 sec ($32.6{\pm}19.5sec$) in 39 patients. Multiple factors including age, TLE subtype (mesial TLE or lateral TLE), propagation pattern (hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobes, spread to adjacent lobes or contralateral hemisphere) and injection time were evaluated for their relationship with CCH using multiple logistic regression analysis Results: CCH was observed in 18 among 59 patients. CCH developed in 29% (15/51) of mesial TLE patients and 38% (3/8) of lateral TLE patients. CCH was associated with propagation pattern; no CCH (0/13) in patients with hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobe, 30% (7/23) in patients with propagation to adjacent lobes, 48% (11/23) to contralateral hemisphere. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that propagation pattern (p=0.01) and age (p=0.02) were related to the development of CCH. Conclusion: Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion in ictal brain SPECT did not help differentiate mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion was associated with propagation pattern of temporal lobe epilepsy and age.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.142-149
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• 2013

As we, human expand its everyday life boundary to the geosynchronous orbit, we have experienced frequent chance of the atmospheric re-entry and surface impact of space objects(satellite and space debris). Recently a satellite re-entry monitoring room in Korea has been operated to predict the time and the location of the re-entry of space objects. However, we do not have a domestic version of a numerical re-entry model for normal operation using TLE (Two line Element) information from the United States Strategic Command yet. The space information from the several space operation centers has been used to analyse the re-entry situations. In this paper, the re-entry time is calculated with TLE based on the several atmosphere models, the result is comprehensively analyzed, a new re-entry case model fitted from the result of the predicted satellite re-entry times by a new Rubber Sheet Shift Method used by the domestic satellite re-entry room is suggested.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study is to compare the surgical outcome of the initial and recent surgical cases, during our 15-years experience, in terms of the surgical strategies and the prognostic factors for surgically remediable epilepsy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed and compared the surgical outcomes between the initial 256 (Group I) and recent 139 (Group II) patients according to the time period of operation for a total of 518 consecutive epilepsy surgeries at our institution since 1992. The patients of the middle intermediate period, which were subjected to changed surgical strategies, were excluded. Results : The surgical outcome data from the initial and recent groups showed a much improved outcome for patients who underwent temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery over time. The number of patients with a good outcome (Engel class I-II) was much increased from 87.7% (178 TLE cases of Group I) to 94.8% (79 TLE cases of Group II) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.0324) on univariate analysis. Other remarkable changes were the decreased performance of intracranial invasive studies from 43.5% in Group I to 30.9% in Group II due to the advanced neuroimaging tools. The strip/grid ratio was reduced from 131/32 in Group I to 17/25 in Group II, because of a markedly reduced mesial TLE surgery and an increased extratemporal epilepsy surgery. Conclusion : Our results show that surgical outcome of epilepsy surgery has improved over time and it has shown to be efficient to control medically intractable epilepsy. Appropriate patient selection, comprehensive preoperative assessments and more extensive resection are associated with good postoperative outcomes.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2024

This study performed a multi-classification task to classify mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with left hippocampal sclerosis patients (left mTLE), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with right hippocampal sclerosis (right mTLE), and healthy controls (HC) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. We applied various artificial neural networks and compared the results. As a result of modeling with convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and graph neural networks (GNN), the average k-fold accuracy was excellent in the order of CNN-based model, GNN-based model, and RNN-based model. The wall time was excellent in the order of RNN-based model, GNN-based model, and CNN-based model. The graph neural network, which shows good figures in accuracy, performance, and time, and has excellent scalability of network data, is the most suitable model for brain research in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the brain areas whose regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was changed in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) using ${H_2}^{15}O-PET$. Materials and Methods: 12 patients with mTLE (6 left, 6 right mTLE) and 6 normal controls were scanned during a fixation baseline period and a sensory-motor condition where subjects pressed a button to an upward arrow. A voxel-based analysis using SPM99 software was peformed to compare the patient groups with the normal controls for the rCBF during fixation baseline period and for relative changes of rCBF during the sensory-motor task relative to fixation. Results: During the fixation baseline, a significant reduction of rCBF was found posterior insula bilaterally and right frontopolar regions in right mTLE patients compared to the normal controls. In left mTLE patients, the reduction was found in left frontopolar and temporal legions. During the sensory-motor task, rCBF increase over the fixation period, was reduced in left frontal and superior temporal legions in the right mTLE patients whereas in various areas of right hemisphere in left mTLE patients, relative to normal controls. However, the increased rCBF was also found in the left inferior parietal and anterior thalamic/fornix regions in both right and left mTLE patients compared to normal controls. Conclusion: Epilepsy induced changes were found not only in relative increase/decrease of rCBF during a simple sensory-motor control condition relative to a fixation rest condition but also in the relative rCBF distribution during the rest period.