• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

In this paper, certain scaling functions are generated using the dyadic subband tree structure and applied to a time-hopping, pulse position modulation, ultra-wideband (TH-PPM UWB) system. Scaling functions can be obtained by iterating a lowpass filter at each level using a critically sampled dyadic tree. The performance of the TH-PPM UWB system employing scaling functions as the mono-cycle waveform is evaluated through computer simulations in a Rayleigh fading environment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

This study examined the activity of the simulated training scenarios and special rescue crew assuming a chemical accident inside the building. To improve the response ability and safety of rescue personnel in the event of a chemical accident, a total of eight stages of simulated training scenarios were conducted and the activity was measured. As a result of the activity measurement according to the simulation training scenario, the average maximum heart rate of the rescuers was the highest at 177.50 ppm in the 4^th stage, and then 176.67 ppm for the 5^th step, 171.17 ppm for the 2^nd step, 169.33 ppm for the 3^rd step, 162.17 ppm for the 6^th step, 159.58 ppm for the 7^th step, 148.75 ppm for the 8^th step, and 139.33 ppm for the 1^st step. The mean maximum respiratory rate was the highest at 38.17 rpm in the 4^th stage, followed by 37.58 rpm in the 5^th stage, 32.00 rpm in the 6^th stage, 31.58 ppm in the 7^th stage, 31.33 rpm in the 3^rd stage, 31.08 rpm in the 2^nd stage, and 28.00 rpm in the 8^th stage. The 1^st stage was 22.67 rpm. In addition, body water reduction measurements were reduced by up to 0.7 g due to the training intensity.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose and analyze the positioning technique using TH-PPM ultra wideband for indoor environment. We employed AWGN and IEEE 802.15.3a channel as a simulation environment and used to TDOA algorithm. Positioning technique using ultra wideband has high accuracy in indoor environment. From the simulation results, it is analyzed the probability of error and positioning performance for channel effects and confirmed usefulness of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.603-610
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• 2008

In this paper, analytical methods for calculating the average probability of bit error of direct sequence pulse amplitude modulation ultra wideband (DS-PAM UWB) system and time hopping pulse position modulation ultra wideband (TH-PPM UWB) system are given. For the multi-user DS-PAM UWB system, the bipolar pulse amplitude modulation is used in order to achieve better performance. As we know, more attention is paid to the TH-PPM UWB systems recently. In this paper. we first introduce the accurate BER calculation methods of the multi-user DS-PAM UWB and TH-PPM UWB systems and then give the performance analysis over the ideal AWGN channel and a correlation receiver. Furthermore, we also introduce their applications in image transmission and data transmission and give the simulation results. The analytical method yields simple and exact formulas relating the performance to the system parameters.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

In this paper, We applied CCI canceller to remove multi-user interference in co-channel environment and improved performance of TH PPM UWB-IR system. As a result, We could get reception performance that data transmission of high speed is available in small reception power applying CCI canceller. Also, We could get permission available channel capacity to maximum access number 40 in high speed transmission environment more than 100Mbps.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2000

Sulfamethazine sodium was orally administrated to sprague-dawley strain male rats(body weight, 200-300g) with using sonde at the rate of 20 mg/100g body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) on once a day for 3 days. There were investigated the depletion rate of the sulfamethazine in serum, liver and skeletal muscle of rat at the time 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th day after administration sulfamethazine sodium. 1. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine soudijm were showed 215.53$\pm$42.99 ppm at the 8 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 25.87$\pm$5.18 ppm at 1st day, 2.30$\pm$0.61 ppm at 3rd day and 0.11$\pm$0.02 ppm at 6th day after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. 2. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in liver were significantly (p<.05) decreased 81.77 $\pm$ 12.88 ppm to 0.11$\pm$0.03 ppm between 8 hours and 6th day according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium for 3 days. 3. After oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in skeletal muscle were significantly (p<.05) decreased 35.96$\pm$1.39 ppm to 0.009$\pm$0.001 ppm between 8 hours and 6th day after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. At the 4th day, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues were showed 0.10 $\pm$ 0.04 ppm below 0.1 ppm at the permitted limit concentration of muscle in Korea. 4. After oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium once a day for 3 days, there were showed the highest concentration in serum (215.53$\pm$42.99 ppm) than in liver(81.77$\pm$12.88 ppm) and skeletal muscle (35.96$\pm$1.39 ppm) at the 8 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. The mean concentration of sulfamethazine residues in serum, liver and skeletal muscle were gradually decreased according to the time lapsed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1174-1181
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• 2005

The exact bit error rate(BER) calculation of an UWB-TH PPM multiple access communication system, which is known to be suitable for the fast transmission of massive information data, is introduced. The statistic feature of the multiple access intereference (MAI) of the system is precisely modeled by the characteristic function technique. The concrete expression for the MAI allows the exact expression for BER to be derived. In addition, we propose the approximate expression for the BER which reveals superior accuracy to the expression from the previous Gaussian approximation of the MAI. The validity of the proposed expressions is confirmed from the comparison of proposed results with the results from Monte-Carlo simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.69-73
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• 2008

In this paper, analytical methods for calculating the average probability of bit error of time hopping pulse position modulation ultra wideband (TH-PPM UWB) system are given. For the multi-user DS-PAM UWB system, the bipolar pulse amplitude modulation is used in order to achieve better performance. As we know, more attention is paid to the TH-PPM UWB systems recently. In this paper, we first introduce the accurate BER calculation methods of the multi-user TH-PPM UWB systems and then give the performance analysis over the ideal AWGN channel and a correlation receiver. Furthermore, we also introduce their applications in image transmission and data transmission and give the simulation results. The analytical method yields simple and exact formulas relating the performance to the system parameters.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2002

In this paper, the effects of the interference environments on the performance of the time hopping(TH) binary PPM impulse radio(IR) system are presented. Based on the monocycle pulse available within the frequency of 3.1~10.6 GHz permitted for application by FCC, a PPM-modulated TH IR system simulator was designed and followed by the analysis of the monocycle pulse characteristics as well as the system performance. Particularly for the evaluation of the system performance, the multiple access interference and the narrowband system interference signals were considered as the interference signals. Since the narrowband system interference signal has very narrow bandwidth and very large amplitude compared with those of IR system, the analysis of the IR system performance was implemented by considering the interference power and band fraction ratio of the narrowband interference signal.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

In this paper we proposed system parameter values of M-ary PPM/TH(Pulse Position Modulation/Time Hopping) ultra-wideband systems having data rate of 100 Mbps for the frequency band, which is allocated by Federal Communications Commission(FCC). We also analyzed performance of the proposed system in the AWGN channels. According to the results of performance analysis, It is observed that available pulse duration is very limitative for this system. In case of constant data rate, if M and the pulse repetition numbers are increased, then the system performance is improved and the user number is decreased.