• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2013

Objective : Transfemoral catheter angiography (TFCA) is a basic procedure in neurovascular surgery with increasing importance in surgical and non-invasive treatments. Unfortunately, resident neurosurgeons have relatively few opportunities to perform TFCA in most institutions. We report a method developed in our hospital for training resident neurosurgeons to perform TFCA and evaluate the efficacy of this training. Methods : From May 2011 to September 2011, a total of 112 consecutive patients underwent TFCA by one resident neurosurgeon supervised by two neuroendovascular specialists. Patients who underwent elective diagnostic procedures were included in this study. Patients who underwent endovascular treatment were excluded. Demographic data, indications for TFCA, side of approach, number of selected arteries, and complications were analyzed. Results : This study included 64 males and 48 females with a mean age of 51.6 (12-81) years. All procedures were performed in the angiography suite. Common indications for procedures were as follows : stroke-induced symptoms in 61 patients (54.5%), Moyamoya disease and arteriovenous malformation in 13 patients (11.6%), and unruptured intracranial aneurysm in eight patients (7.1%). Right and left femoral puncture was performed in 98.2% and 1.8% of patients, respectively. A total of 465 selective angiographies were performed without complications. Angiographic examination was performed on 4.15 vessels per patient. Conclusion : TFCA can be performed safely by resident neurosurgeons based on anatomical study and a meticulous protocol under the careful supervision of neuroendovascular specialists.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2019

혈관 질환을 검사하기 위한 방법으로 방사선 장비를 이용한 검사들이 주를 이루기 때문에 본 연구를 통해 뇌혈관 질환 검사에 있어 혈관 질환 검사에 사용되는 뇌혈관 조영술과 뇌혈관 전산화단층촬영검사의 입사표면선량(ESD; Entrance Surface Dose)을 비교 분석하여 뇌혈관 질환 검사 시 사용된 선량 결과에 따른 최적의 검사 방법 선택 유도 및 선량 저감화 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 조영제 사용량을 측정 및 평가하여 조영제로 인한 부작용 발생 우려 시 권장 할 수 있는 검사선택 방법에 대해 알아보고자 연구를 진행하게 되었다. 대상으로는 2018년 6월부터 2018년 12월까지 여수지역 병원에서 뇌혈관 전산화 단층 촬영 검사를 시행한 70명 (남43, 여27)과 2018년 6월부터 2018년 11월까지 평택지역 병원에서 뇌혈관 조영술을 시행한 61 (남34, 여27)명을 대상으로 하였고, 분석 방법으로는 입사표면선량 데이터 값을 M-view와 PACS PLUS를 통해 후향적으로 획득하였으며 조영제 측정은 실제 사용된 량을 측정하는 방법으로 진행하였다. SPSS를 이용한 T-검정 분석결과 뇌혈관 조영술의 선량이 $245.74{\pm}71.91mGy$로 전산화 단층 촬영검사의 선량 $277.79{\pm}79.65mGy$보다 $32.05{\pm}7.74mGy$만큼 낮았으며 t=3.249, p=0.017로 통계적으로 유의했고(p<0.05) 조영제 총 사용량 비교 분석 결과에선 뇌혈관 조영술 시 사용된 평균 조영제 사용량이 $55.05{\pm}17.68ml$로 전산화 단층 촬영 검사에서 사용된 70 ml의 조영제 양보다 약 14.95 ml만큼 적었으며 t=-4.548, p<0.001로 통계적으로 유의했다. 결론적으로 뇌혈관 조영술의 선량이 전산화 단층 촬영검사보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, 조영제 사용량 또한 전산화 단층 촬영검사보다 유의할 만큼 적었으므로 뇌혈관 질환 검사에 있어 뇌혈관 조영술의 활용을 늘리는 방안이 피폭선량 저감화를 위한 방법임과 동시에 조영제 사용량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2007

Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery is a rare congenital anomaly. Agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery [ICA] are frequently associated with cerebral aneurysms in the circle of Willis. Authors report two cases with congenital hypoplasia of the ICA accompanying with the aneurysms. Transfemoral cerebral angiography [TFCA] in one patient identified nonvisualization of the left ICA. Bilateral anterior cerebral artery [ACA] and middle cerebral artery [MCA] were supplied from the right ICA accompanying with two aneurysms at anterior communicating artery [AcoA] and A1 portion of the left ACA. TFCA in another patient demonstrated hypoplastic left ICA and left ACA filled from the right ICA accompanying with AcoA aneurysm. Left MCA was filled from basilar artery via posterior communicating artery [PcoA]. Skull base computed tomography [CT] in two patients showed hypoplastic carotid canal. Authors performed direct aneurysmal neck clipping. Follow up CT angiography [CTA] at one year after surgery did not show regrowth or new development of the aneurysm. In patients with hypoplastic ICA, neurosurgeons should be aware of the possibility of development of the aneurysms, presumably because of hemodynamic process. Direct aneurysmal neck clipping is a good treatment modality. After operation, regular CTA, magnetic resonance angiography [MRA] or TFCA is needed to find progressive lesion and to prevent cerebrovascular attack [CVA].

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Objective : In patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, collateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow has a protective role against ischemia. However, some of these patients may experience initial major neurological deficits and major worsening on following days. Thus, we investigated the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ICA occlusion with collateral MCA flow by comparing clinical outcomes of medical treatment versus EVT. Methods : The inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) acute ischemic stroke with ICA occlusion and presence of collateral MCA flow on transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) and 2) hospital arrival within 12 hours from symptom onset. The treatment strategy was made by the attending physician based on the patient's clinical status and results of TFCA. Results : Eighty-one patients were included (30 medical treatment, 51 EVT). The EVT group revealed a high incidence of intracranial ICA occlusion, longer ipsilesional MCA contrast filling time, and a similar rate of favorable clinical outcome despite a higher mean baseline the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. By binary logistic regression analysis, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and EVT were independent predictors of favorable clinical outcome. In subgroup analysis based on stroke etiology, the non-atherosclerotic group showed a higher baseline NIHSS score, higher incidence of EVT, and a higher rate of distal embolization during EVT in comparison with the atherosclerotic group. Conclusion : In patients with ICA occlusion and collateral MCA flow, decisions regarding treatment strategy based on TFCA can help achieve favorable clinical outcomes. EVT strategy with respect to etiology of ICA occlusion might help achieve better angiographic outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.528-531
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• 2010

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is characterized by its clinical manifestations, which are easy bruising, thin skin with visible veins, and rupture of arteries, uterus, or intestines. Arterial complications are the leading cause of death in vascular EDS because they are unpredictable and surgical repair is difficult due to tissue fragility. The authors report a case presented with cervical radiculopathy due to a segmental fusiform aneurysm of the cervical vertebral artery. Transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) was done to verify the aneurysmal dilatation. However, during TFCA, bleeding at the puncture site was not controlled, skin and underlying muscle was disrupted and profound bleeding occurred during manual compression after femoral catheter removal. Accordingly, surgical repair of the injured femoral artery was performed. At this time it was possible to diagnose it as an EDS with fusiform aneurysm on cervical vertebral artery. Particularly, cervical fusiform aneurysm is rare condition, and therefore, connective tissue disorder must be considered in such cases. If connective tissue disorder is suspected, the authors suggest that a noninvasive imaging modality, such as, high quality computed tomography angiography, be used to evaluate the vascular lesion to avoid potential arterial complications.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

Because interventional procedure operates looking at premier as real time when perate intervention enemy, by patient is revealed during suitableness time in radiation, side effect such as radiation injury of skin is apt to happen. It established by purpose of study that measure exposure dose that patient receives about these problem, and find solution for radiation injury and repletion method. In this study, we used Rando phantom of identical structure with the human body which becomes accomplished with 4 branch ingredient of the attempt and system equivalent material them and absorbed dose were measured by TLD. According to the laboratory, it shows that operations such as TFCA procedure or uterine myoma embolization are more dangerous than TACE procedure. If both operations are inspected during a short time, it is not affected in being bombed. However, it can lead to palliative agenesis or depilate, definitive agenesis only if operations are repeated more than three times. Dose distibution based on experiment, to reduce radiation exposure to patients result from reduction of scatter ray as we control field size of radiation and protection of side organs except for tumor. also we knew that we can protect patients form radiation exposure, if we increas SOD and decrease SID.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2019

Diagnostic reference level (DRL) is employed to optimize the radiation doses of patients. The objective of this study is to review the DRLs for interventional procedures in Korea and abroad. Literature review was performed to investigate radiation dose index and measurement methodology commonly used in DRL determination. Dose area product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time within each major procedure category were systematically abstracted and analyzed. A wide variation was found in the radiation dose. The DAP values and fluoroscopy times ranged 0.01-3,081 Gy·㎠ and 2-16,878 seconds for all the interventional procedures, 8.5-1,679 Gy·㎠ and 32-5,775 seconds for the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and 0.1-686 Gy·㎠ and 16-6,636 seconds for the transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA), respectively. The DRL values of the DAP and fluoroscopy time were 238 Gy·㎠ and 1,224 seconds for the TACE and 189 Gy·㎠ and 686 seconds for the TFCA, respectively. Generally, the DRLs of Korea were lower than those of other developed countries, except for the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent in arteries of the lower extremity (LE PTA and stent), aneurysm coil embolization, and Hickman insertion procedures. The wide variation in the radiation doses of the different procedures suggests that more attention must be paid to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure from medical imaging. Furthermore, periodic nationwide survey of medical radiation exposures is necessary to optimize the patient dose for radiation protection, which will ultimately contribute to patient dose reduction and radiological safety.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2023

총경동맥 폐쇄는 비교적 드물고 거의 연구되지 않은 질병이다. 총경동맥 폐쇄는 여러 신경학적 증상을 유발하지만 다양한 문합의 발달 덕분에 때때로 무증상일 수 있다. 저자들은 문합을 통한 혈류로 인한 무증상 총경동맥 폐쇄 환자의 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 경대퇴동맥 뇌혈관 조영술을 시행하여 총경동맥 폐쇄와 후두 동맥-척추 동맥 연결을 포함한 두 가지 측부 경로가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 저자들은 총경동맥 폐쇄가 의심되는 경우 경대퇴동맥 뇌혈관 조영술 시행이 중요함을 강조하고, 총경동맥 폐쇄의 유형 및 문합 경로를 문헌고찰하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 주요 중재적 시술을 시행 받는 환자를 대상으로 각 시술 당 환자의 피폭선량을 측정 및 평가하여, 우리나라 환자들이 중재적 시술을 시행 받을 때에 받게 되는 방사선 피폭의 위험도를 평가하고, 중재적 방사선 시술 시 환자 피폭선량에 대한 기준 선량 권고안을 마련하며, 환자의 피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 각국의 중재적 방사선 분야에서의 환자 피폭선량을 조사하였고, 주요 병원에서 대표적인 중재적 시술을 대상으로 각 시술 당 환자가 받게 되는 피폭선량을 주요 신체 부위에 부착한 열형광선량계(TLD) chip을 이용하여 측정하였고, 혈관조영장비에서 얻어지는 면적선량(dose area product ; DAP)값을 이용하여 유효선량(effective dose; ED)을 측정하였다. 중재적 방사선분야에서의 환자 피폭선량과 관련된 연구와 자료는 진단 방사선 영역과는 달리 상당히 적은편이었다. 이번 연구에서 TACE의 평균 ED는 25.19 mSv로 나타났다. 다른 나라에 비해 높은 편은 아니지만, 몇 달 간격으로 반복적으로 시행 받아야 하는 시술의 특성상 누적선량(cumulative dose)에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. TACE의 평균 표면입사선량(ESD)은 511.75 mGy로 비교적 안전한 편이나, 최대 ESD는 4,346 mGy까지 측정되어 시간이 오래 걸리는 일부 TACE 시술에서는 결정적 효과에 대해서도 시술자의 주의가 필요하다. AVF 시술과 PTBD의 평균 ED는 각각 0.28 mSv와 4.8 mSv로 비교적 낮은 수준의 환자 피폭선량을 보였다. TFCA의 경우 평균 ED는 22.6 mSv로 다른 나라에 비해 상대적으로 높은 환자 피폭선량을 보였다. GDC embolization의 경우 대부분의 병원에서 DAP값이 지원되지 않는 구형장비를 사용하는 관계로, 이번 연구에서는 ED값을 구하지 못하였다. 하지만 평균 51.1분의 투시시간과 평균 2,264 mGy의 높은 ESD를 보이고 있어, ED 역시 상당히 높으리라 예상되며, 이에 대한 추가연구가 필요하다. 또한 TFCA와 GDC embolization을 병행하여 시행하는 경우 약 3 Gy의 선량이 피폭되므로 방사선으로 인한 장해를 방지하기 위해서 조사야를 변경하여 시술하는 것을 권고한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.155-157
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• 2010

Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) are very rare and the bleeding rate is very high, especially in the presence of leptomeningeal draining vein and aneurysmal varix formation. A 85-year-old male patient presented with subdural hematoma (SDH). Magnetic resonance image (MRI) and transfemoral carotid angiography (TFCA) disclosed DAVF at the anterior cranial fossa with bilateral arterial feeders and leptomeningeal draining vein with varix formation. The lesion was treated by simple ligation of pial connecting vein using low frontal craniotomy. In comparison with DAVFs of the other sites, the anterior cranial fossa DAVF is difficult to manage by endovascular treatment due to not only the difficulty of transvenous access but the risk of visual impairment when using transarterial route. Surgical ligation of pial connecting vein is feasible and effective treatment.