• 의료법학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.155-197
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• 2012

Nach der sog. Neue Influenza(Schweinegrippe)-Pandemie wird die Verh$\ddot{u}$tung und Bek$\ddot{a}$mpfung von Infektionskrankheiten eine essentielle Aufgabe f$\ddot{u}$r das Gemeinwesen und stellt eine komplexe Herausforderung f$\ddot{u}$r die Rechtsordnung dar. Die n$\ddot{a}$chste Pandemie ist nicht mehr eine Frage der Ob, sondern lediglich der Zeit. Zwar ist der jetzige Influenza-Pandemie Plan und der koreanische Infektionsschutzgesetz (ISchG) nicht verfassungswidrig, weil mit ihnen die Untergrenzen des Gestaltungspielraums von Gesetzgeber nicht unterschreitet und damit die grundrechtliche Schutzpflicht von Staat nicht verletzt ist. Jedoch ist aber gesetzlicher Erg$\ddot{a}$nzung bed$\ddot{u}$rftig, denn es gibt keine konkrete Regelungen, die in einer Verknappungssituation von medizinischen G$\ddot{u}$tern bei Pandemien anwendbar sind. W$\ddot{u}$rde die Knappheit von Impfstoff nicht vermeiden, dann d$\ddot{u}$rfte dar$\ddot{u}$ber entschieden werden, wem die Ressourcen in der Verwendungskonkurrenzen bevorzugt zugeteilt werden sollen. In Knappheitssituationen ist zuerst die Frage der Verteilung medizinischer G$\ddot{u}$tern von so wesentlicher Bedeutung, dass sie von Verfassungs wegen durch das Parlament zu regeln ist. Zweitens kann die Verteilung knapper medizinischer Ressourcen auf Maximierung der Uberlebendenzahl als Menschenw$\ddot{u}$rdegrundsatz und Lebensschutzpflichten vom Staat gerichtet sein. Drittens d$\ddot{u}$rfen die in Art.11 KVerf genannte Kriteien, wie Geschlecht oder Religion, weil sie als Ungleichbehandlungskriterium im koreanischen Verfassungstext verboten sind, nicht zur Verteilung und Zuteilung herangezogen werden. Nicht zuletzt darf und muss der Gesetzgeber dar$\ddot{u}$ber regeln, wer in welchem Verfahren behandelt bzw. gesch$\ddot{u}$tzt werden soll.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review clinical studies about the effect of chuna manual therapy (CMT) for peripheral facial paralysis in children. Methods : In this review, we searched 11 electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, CAJ, Oasis, NDSL, KISS, RISS, KISTI, Dbpia); We concluded our literature search in April 23, 2019. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of testing CMT for peripheral facial paralysis in children. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data of total efficacy rate (TER). Results : After screening papers, a total of 6 RCTs were selected and analyzed. In the 6 RCTs, patients(n=15-60 per study) were randomized into groups for treatment and control. Specifically, the treatment group received CMT, while the control group was concurrently given usual care, such as acupuncture and medicine. The meta-analysis showed that the treatment group receiving CMT alone showed significant improvement in TER, compared to the control group receiving acupuncture therapy alone(P<0.05). And the treatment group receiving CMT combined with usual care showed positive results, in terms of TER, compared to the control group receiving usual care, but was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions : Our analysis suggests that CMT has therapeutic effects for peripheral facial paralysis in children. However, to confirm this result, further investigation accompanied by high quality studies is required.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.675-702
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• 2023

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of using Yijung-tang to treat chronic gastritis through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The search was conducted using keywords such as "gastritis", "Lizhong", "Yijung", and "Chronic gastritis" on July 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted according to outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), Traditional chinese medicine symptom score (TSS), gastric hormones, and symptom relief time, using the Review Manager website. Results: A total of 11 RCT studies were selected. The treatment group (Yijung-tang-gagam or Yijung-tang-gagam+Western medicine) showed significant improvement effects in terms of TER, TSS, serum gastrointestinal hormones (motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), and somatostatin (SS)), and symptom relief time compared to the control group (Western medicine). TER-RR : 1.20, 95% CI : 1.11 to 1.30, P≤0.00001, RR : 1.21, 95% CI : 1.14 to 1.28, P≤0.00001; MTL-MD : 35.99, 95% CI : 30.79 to 41.20, P≤0.00001); GAS-MD : 103.33, 95% CI : 97.62 to 109.04, P≤0.00001); SS : MD : -37.19, 95% CI : -41.75 to -32.64, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (nausea)-MD : -1.96, 95% CI : -2.47 to -1.45, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (colic)-MD : -1.75, 95% CI : -2.31 to -1.18, P≤0.00001. Conclusion: This study suggests that Yijung-tang is effective against chronic gastritis. However, the number of studies was insufficient, and the diagnosis and evaluation criteria were not standardized. Furthermore, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies need to be conducted to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.31-54
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• 2024

Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of Hwanggigyejiomul-tang for postoperative breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A search was conducted using keywords such as "breast cancer", "lymphedema", "edema", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu tang", and "Hwanggigyejiomul tang" in 10 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, CNKI, CiNii, RISS, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, DBpia) on February 11, 2024. There were no limits on the publication period and language, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed based on the outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), increase in shoulder joint mobility (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and visual analog scale (VAS) using Review Manager Web. Results: Eleven RCTs were selected. The treatment group (Hwanggigyejiomul-tang-gagambang or hapbang with control group intervention) showed a more statistically significant effect compared with the control group (physical therapy or western medicine) in TER (upper limb circumference change), TER (upper limb edema grade change), increase in flexion angle, increase in extension angle, increase in adduction angle, FMA, and VAS. Conclusions: Hwanggigyejiomul-tang is effective in treating postoperative BCRL. However, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies are required to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2013

선형 poly(ethylene-ter-1-hexene-ter-divinylbenzene) 소프트 탄성체 블럭내의 styrene 관능기로부터 poly(t-butylstyrene)하드 블록을 graft-from 음이온 중합을 통해 고온에서 사용 가능한 기능성 폴레올레핀 열가소성 탄성체인 polyolefin-g-poly(t-butylstyrene)을 합성하였다. sec-BuLi/TMEDA와 styrene 단위로부터 반응에 의하여 100% 수율의 음이온 개시 자리를 만들고 4-tert-butylstyrene을 graft-from 중합시켜 10,000~30,000 g/mol 분자량을 가지는 블록을 합성함으로서, 고온 $T_g$를 가지는 폴리올레핀 그라프트 고분자를 얻을 수 있었다. 단량체 함량과 중합시간에 따라 그라프트 분자량이 비례하여 증가하는 효과적인 리빙 중합방법임을 확인하였다. 사슬 말단에 다수의 수산기가 도입된 폴리올레핀 TPE의 합성방법으로서, 리빙 그라프트 고분자 사슬에 계속하여 isoprene을 블록 중합하여 얻어진 polyolefin-g-[poly(t-butylstyrene)-b-high vinyl polyisoprene]의 비닐기와 2-mercaptoethanol간의 thiol-ene 클릭 반응을 이용하는 방법을 통해 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 높은 $T_g$(> $145^{\circ}C$)를 갖는 정밀 제어된 기능성 그라프트 형태의 폴리올레핀 기반 TPE를 합성하는 방법을 확립하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.122-144
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I²=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I²=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I²=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

방선균 Streptomyces mobaraensis IFO13819 유래 transglutaminase(mTGase)는 칼슘 비의존성으로 식품산업에서 유용하게 이용되고 있는 효소이다. mTGase는 406개의 아미노산으로 구성되어 있는데 leader와 pro 부위는 75개, 구조 부위는 331개의 아미노산으로 구성되어있다. mTGase의 pro와 구조 유전지를 pYAEG-TER 벡터에 클로닝하고 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2805에 형질전환하였다. 형질전환체에서 mTGase의 발현을 Northern hybridization을 통해 확인하였으며, 최대 26 mU/ml의 mTGase의 활성을 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

Tight junctions (TJ) between adjacent Sertoli cells in testis are important for the formation of the blood testis barrier (BTB). In an effort to verify the reproductive health risk of endocrine-active chemicals (EACs), changes in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and the expression of TJ genes were examined by co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) treatment in cultured mouse Sertoli cells. Although the increase in TER of Sertoli cells was accelerated by 10 nM co-planar PCB, it was downregulated by 100 nM co-planar PCB. The expression of claudin-1 was downregulated by co-planar PCB in a concentration-dependent manner. On the contrary, the expression of claudin-1 was increased in the Sertoli cells by 10 nM co-planar PCB treatment. These results suggest that the structure and function of TJ may be targeted by co-planar PCB in Sertoli cells. Assessment of the structure and function of TJ in Sertoli cells might be useful for screening the reproductive health risk of EACs.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.655-659
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• 2007

이 논문은 국내 철도 모의운전연습기의 훈련비용 효율성(TCE; training cost-effectiveness)을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 교육훈련 비용 효율성이란 해당 모의운전연습기를 통해 얻어진 학습 효율성(TER)과 그에 따르는 비용 효율성(TCR)을 모두 고려한 비율이다. TCE가 1보다 작으면 분석하고자 하는 훈련체계나 새롭게 적용하는 훈련 도구의 비용 효율성이 없는 것이고, 1보다 크면 비용 효율성이 있는 것이다. 그러나 훈련체계나 훈련 도구가 비용 효율성이 없다 하더라도 안전과 관련된 사항은 반드시 비용에 관계없이 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 철도 모의운전연습기의 훈련비용 효율성을 분석하였으며, 훈련의 종류와 훈련 내용에 따라 적절한 종류의 모의운전연습기를 활용하는 것이 비용 효율성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the results in patients who received total elbow replacement for posttraumatic destroyed or unreduced elbow joint. Materials and Methods: Six patients with posttraumatic destroyed, or unreduced elbow joint, who were nearly impossible to move actively and had pain and grossly unstable joint, were followed up average 42 months. 3 cases were soft tissue injuries and bone defects which were caused by severe comminuted fracture, 1 was a nonunion with comminuted fracture, and 2 were unreduced elbow joint. Total elbow replacement was performed average 10 months after the injury. All the cases were used by semiconstrained prosthesis, and the results were estimated by Mayo elbow perfomance score. Results: Pain was decreased in all the cases postoperatively. Average ranges of motion were improved with active extension 20° and flexion 120°. Mayo elbow performance scores were pain 42.5 points, range of motion 17.5 points, stability 8.3 points, function 19.2 points and totally 87.5 points, and final results were 3 excellent and 3 good. Loosening of prosthesis was not found in all the cases by final follow-up radiograph. Conclusicon: Semiconstrained TER can be used as a effective treatment improving pain and active ranges of motion caused by posttraumatic destroyed or unreduced elbow joint, however, long term follow-up is needed because early loosening of TER can be occurred due to severe bone defects.