• Title/Summary/Keyword: TARGETED

Search Result 3,654, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

Silencing of NbNAP1 Encoding a Plastidic SufB-like Protein Affects Chloroplast Development in Nicotiana benthamiana

  • Ahn, Chang Sook;Lee, Jeong Hee;Pai, Hyun-Sook
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.112-118
    • /
    • 2005
  • It was previously shown that AtNAP1 is a plastidic SufB protein involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the effects of depleting SufB protein from plant cells using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). VIGS of NbNAP1 encoding a Nicotiana benthamiana homolog of AtNAP1 resulted in a leaf yellowing phenotype. NbNAP1 was expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues with the highest level in roots. A GFP fusion protein of the N-terminal region (M1-V103) of NbNAP1 was targeted to chloroplasts. Depletion of NbNAP1 resulted in reduced numbers of chloroplasts of reduced size. Mitochondria also seemed to be affected. Despite the reduced number and size of the chloroplasts in the NbNAP1 VIGS lines, the expression of many nuclear genes encoding chloroplast-targeted proteins and chlorophyll biosynthesis genes remained unchanged.

THE ANALYSIS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES WITH DEMOGRAPHICS ON SCALE-FREE NETWORK

  • Liu, Maoxing;Zhang, Yunli
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
    • /
    • v.31 no.3_4
    • /
    • pp.443-456
    • /
    • 2013
  • In this paper we consider a model with demographics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) spread on scale-free networks. We derive the epidemic threshold, which is depend on the birth rate, the natural death rate and other parameters. The absence of a threshold in infinite scale-free network is proved. For a hard cut off scale-free network, we also analyze the stability of disease-free equilibrium and the persistence of STDs infection. Two immunization schemes, proportional scheme and targeted vaccination, are studied and compared. We find that targeted strategy is more effective on scale-free networks.

Evaluation of Riverine Microbial Diversity using the Culture-Independent Genetic Fingerprinting Technique (T-RFLP) (유전자지문분석법(T-RFLP)을 이용한 하천 미생물의 다양성 평가)

  • Jeong, Ju-Yong;Lee, Kyong-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.195-200
    • /
    • 2008
  • To analyze the riverine microbial community structure, genetic fingerprints and ecological indexes such as species abundances, diversity, evenness, dominance of targeted rivers in Gyeonggi Province were acquired and evaluated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique. Genetic fingerprinting technique such as T-RFLP, which is able to show the microbial community clearly unlike traditional culture-dependent techniques, was thought to be useful to analyse the riverine microbial ecosystem under various factors. Riverine ecosystem evaluation using visible organisms would give biased results with time, targeted organism and researcher. But, T-RFLP, which can exclude the subjected biases such as culture condition and identification, would be an option to understand natural ecosystem by including the microorganisms that defy culture but perform important functions.

Malignant Brain Tumours in Children : Present and Future Perspectives

  • Rutka, James T.
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.61 no.3
    • /
    • pp.402-406
    • /
    • 2018
  • In contrast to many of the malignant tumors that occur in the central nervous system in adults, the management, responses to therapy, and future perspectives of children with malignant lesions of the brain hold considerable promise. Within the past 5 years, remarkable progress has been made with our understanding of the basic biology of the molecular genetics of several pediatric malignant brain tumors including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour, and high grade glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The recent literature in pediatric neuro-oncology was reviewed, and a summary of the major findings are presented. Meaningful sub-classifications of these tumors have arisen, placing children into discrete categories of disease with requirements for targeted therapy. While the mainstay of therapy these past 30 years has been a combination of central nervous system irradiation and conventional chemotherapy, now with the advent of high resolution genetic mapping, targeted therapies have emerged, and less emphasis is being placed on craniospinal irradiation. In this article, the present and future perspective of pediatric brain malignancy are reviewed in detail. The progress that has been made offers significant hope for the future for patients with these tumours.