• Korean Architects
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• v.4 no.14 s.14
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• pp.74-79
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• 1969

As we all know a large number of thin shell with the shape of E.P and H.P have been constructed. In this paper, we will be interested to the bending problem of thin translational shell. Two basic differential equations of shallow shell are to be used to derive approximate solution of it. Stress analysis of E.P. translational shell with constant thickness under uniform surface oad is to be given as an example. More exact solution formulated by K. Apeland can be found in the proceeding, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, A.S.C.E., Feburary, 1961.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1697-1703
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• 2010

Asarum consists of low-growing herbs and is a genus in the Aristolochiaceae family with species found in the north temperate zones with most species in Asia. We evaluated the nine taxa with the trnL - trnT region of the chloroplast genome to estimate phenotypic relationships within genus Asarum in Korea. Alignment of the DNA sequences required the addition of numerous gaps. Sequence variation within the Asarum was mostly due to nucleotide inserts/deletions, although several indels and inserts were found. Another source of sequence divergence was length variation due to stretches of short repeats that occur at the trnL - trnT region in all the Asarum. A + T content for nine Korean species of genus Asarum ranged between 74.7% and 78.3%. These values were higher than those for the angiosperm alignments of the total trnL and trnT region (64.5~67.1%). Within genus Asarum, A. patens was strikingly different from the others in the three phylogenetic analyses (MP, ML, and NJ). However, some internal nodes were poorly supported. Within Korean Asarum, four species were unsolved portions. Possible reasons for the striking non-congruence between the previous morphological traits and the trnL - trnT based on phylogeny were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

The effect of sex ratio on behavior and welfare indexes in broiler chickens was investigated. Five variants of the sex ratio (male to female), namely, 100:0 (T1), 75:25 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 25:75 (T4) and 0:100 (T5) were tested in broilers between the ages of 7 to 35 days. It was found that the most common behavior in all sex ratios was resting behavior, ranging over 74.4 % of total behavioral frequency. The ranges of other behavior traits of total behavior traits were as follows: pecking, 5.4 to 23.1 %; standing, 1.8 to 24.8 %, and moving, 0.6 to 11.5 %. The behavioral frequency of resting, pecking, standing and moving were not affected by the sex ratio and between male and female. But the percentage of pecking, resting and moving behavioral frequency was significantly different by the age of birds (P<0.05). Age of birds had no effect on standing behavioral frequency. It seems that gait, food pad and hock burn score were no affect by sex ratio but tend to decreased in female than male. Claw length of 21 and 35 days was not affected by sex ratio and between male and female. The duration of tonic immobility (TI- reaction) was tend to decreased age of 21 than 35 days, and female than male. Both male and female of the study, hock burn score, claw length and TI-reaction were tend to lower in T4 than other treatments. The results suggest that, when male and female broilers are reared together, sex ratio can influence broiler welfare indexes in this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2B
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• pp.187-197
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• 2008

This study is to assess the impact of future land use change on hydrology and water quality in Gyungan-cheon watershed ($255.44km^2$) using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Using the 5 past Landsat TM (1987, 1991, 1996, 2004) and $ETM^+$ (2001) satellite images, time series of land use map were prepared, and the future land uses (2030, 2060, 2090) were predicted using CA-Markov technique. The 4 years streamflow and water quality data (SS, T-N, T-P) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model), stream network, and soil information (1:25,000) were prepared. The model was calibrated for 2 years (1999 and 2000), and verified for 2 years (2001 and 2002) with averaged Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency of 0.59 for streamflow and determination coefficient of 0.88, 0.72, 0.68 for Sediment, T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorous) respectively. The 2030, 2060 and 2090 future prediction based on 2004 values showed that the total runoff increased 1.4%, 2.0% and 2.7% for 0.6, 0.8 and 1.1 increase of watershed averaged CN value. For the future Sediment, T-N and T-P based on 2004 values, 51.4%, 5.0% and 11.7% increase in 2030, 70.5%, 8.5% and 16.7% increase in 2060, and 74.9%, 10.9% and 19.9% increase in 2090.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2003

Isolates of Trichoderma spp. collected from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii beds, which included loosened substrate compactness and development of green colour, were grouped into three species. The occurrence of different species of Trichoderma was as T. cf. virens(70.8%), T. longibrachiatum(16.7%) and T. harzianum(12.5%). The conidia of Trichoderma spp. were ellipsoidal, obovoid and phialides were bowling pins, lageniform and the length of phialides was $3.5{\sim}10.0{\times}1.3{\sim}3.3{\mu}m$. Phialides of T. cf. virens and T. harzianum were tending clustered, but it was solitary disposition in T. longibrachiatum. T. cf. virens was characterized by predominantly effuse conidiation, sparingly branched, and fertile to the apex and it was penicillate type. RAPD analysis could detect variability amongst three different species of Trichoderma using two newly designed URP-primers. However, intra-specific variation could not be detected in all the isolates except for rDNA sequence data classified Trichoderma isolates into three distinct groups representing three species. The profiles of rDNA sequences of isolates representing a species showed high similarity in T. cf. virens and T. harzianum. However, there was a variation in rDNA sequences of isolates representing T. longibrachiatum. The results of present study reveals that molecular techniques of RAPD and rDNA sequencing can greatly aid in classification based on morphology and precise identification of fast evolving species of Trichoderma.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 인간의 동맥경화증에서 Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)와 인체 열충격단백 60의 T-세포 및 교차성 B-세포 epitope를 규명하고 수립된 T-세포주의 T-세포 주요조직적합체 양상을 파악하려는 데 있다. P. gingivalis 열충격단백-반응성 T 세포주와 환자의 혈청을 이용하여 P. gingivalis 열충격단백60 분자를 구성하는 104개의 중복성 합성 펩타이드의 T-세포 epitope과 B-세포 epitope을 규명하였다. 인체 열충격단백60에 대한 B-세포 epitope도 같은 방법으로 파악하였다. P. gingivalis, P. gingivalis 열충격단백60 또는 인체 열충격단백60에 대한 IgG 항체는 모든 동맥경화증 환자에서 상승하였다. P. gingivalis 열충격단백60의 3, 15, 24, 33, 45, 53, 64, 84, 88, 99번 펩타이드가 주요한 T-세포 epitope였고 이것들은 T-세포 및 B-세포 공동 epitope이기도 했다. 또한 인체 열충격단백60 교차반응 B-세포 epitope은 15, 29, 53, 56, 69, 74번 펩타이드로 판명되었다. 대부분 환자의 주요조직적합체는 $HLA-DRB1^{\ast}1504$와 $HLA-DZB1^{\ast}0603$으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 P. gingivalis 열충격단백60은 제 2급 주요조직적합제-제한적으로 분해되고 전달되었으며 이 단백질이 공통적인 T-세포 및 B-세포 epitope를 가지면서 동시에 인체 열충격단백60과 교차성 B-세포 epitope을 가지면서 동맥경화증의 면역조절기능에 관여한다고 볼 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.518-523
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• 2014

There are multiple experiments conducted with male Korean native ducks (KND) to evaluate the optimal levels of limiting amino acids (AA). In Exp. 1, a total of 450 one-d-old male KNDs were divided into five groups with six replicates and fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70%; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77%; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85%; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93%; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01%) to 21 d of age. In Exp. 2, one-d-old male KND were received and fed commercial starter diet from hatching to 21 d of age, and then divided into five groups with six replicates and fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA, and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54%; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60%; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65%; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70%; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75%) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting AA levels increased to 1.20% lysine, 0.98% TSAA and 0.93% threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, gain:feed and uniformity among groups. In Exp. 2, the BW gain and gain:feed were not affected by dietary limiting AA levels. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not show the significant response to increasing dietary limiting AA levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, the levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine necessary to maximize growth for starter phase were at least 1.20%, 0.98%, and 0.93%, respectively. On the other hands, KND require relatively low levels of limiting AA for late growth and carcass yield. The dietary levels of 0.73% lysine, 0.62% TSAA and 0.54% threonine appear to be adequate during growing phase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.719-727
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• 2003

Background and purpose: Hypertension and obesity has been implicated in the most important risk factors for stroke. The original finding that the G-protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T allele associates with essential hypertension and obesity has been confirmed in several different populations. Hence, our objective was to determine whether the GNB3 C825T polymorphism predicts interindividual variation in stroke. Method: We recruited 361 stroke patients (cerebral infarction, n=278; intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), n=83) and 199 healthy control subjects. Subjects were genotyped for GNB3 C825T mutation and findings were investigated for association with stroke. Result: The GNB3 T/T type was significantly associated with cerebral infarction prevalence (OR, 1.98; 95% Cl, 1.14-3.46; p=0.015). While, ICH was not found to be significantly associated with GNB3 T/T type (OR, 1.63; 95% ICH, 0.74-3.56; p=0.219). Similarly, no significant association was determined between GNB T/C type, and cerebral infarction (OR, 1.09; 95% Cl, 0.68-1.74; p=0.716), and ICH (OR, 1.14; 95% Cl, 0.59-2.21; p=0.697). Conclusion: In clinical characteristics, this study shows no differences among GNB3 genotypes, that are BMI, WH ratio. hypertension rate, and ischemic heart disease rate, total lipid level, triglycerides level, total cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level, prothrombine time, with the exception of LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, our subjects showed an inverse relationship between LDL cholesterol level and the risk of cerebral infarction. We have shown that the GNB3 T/T genotype is strongly associated with cerebral infarction. (OR, 1.98; 95% Cl, 1.14-3.46; p=0.015).

• Digital Contents
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• no.2 s.141
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• pp.72-74
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• 2005

지치고 스트레스 쌓일 때, 간단하게 한 게임 하러 들어갔다가 오히려 스트레스만 더 쌓인 체 돌아온 경험이 누구에게나 있을 것이다. 하지만 신나는 음악과 화려한 춤들로 하루의 스트레스를 확실히 해소해 주는 온라인게임이 등장했다. T3엔터테인먼트에서 개발해 엠파스게임나라를 통해 서비스되고 있는‘오디션’이바로 그것이다. 현재 온게임넷 비비빅을 통해 방송되고 있기도 한 오디션에 대해 살펴봤다

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.399-399
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• 2017