• 제목/요약/키워드: T2D

검색결과 7,598건 처리시간 0.034초

Assessment of Posterior Globe Flattening: Two-Dimensional versus Three-Dimensional T2-Weighted Imaging

  • Ann, Jun Hyung;Kim, Eung Yeop
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: To compare the frequency of posterior globe flattening between two-dimensional T2-weighted imaging (2D T2WI) and three-dimensional (3D T2WI). Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients (31 female; mean age, 44.4 years) who had undergone both 5-mm axial T2WI and sagittal 3D 1-mm isovoxel T2WI of the whole brain for evaluation of various diseases (headache [n = 30], large hemorrhage [n = 19], large tumor or leptomeningeal tumor spread [n = 15], large infarct [n = 3], and bacterial meningitis [n = 2]) were used in this study. Two radiologists independently reviewed both sets of images at separate sessions. Axial T2WI and multi-planar imaging of 3D T2WI were visually assessed for the presence of globe flattening. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured at a location 4 mm posterior to each globe on oblique coronal imaging reformatted from 3D T2WI. Results: There were significantly more globes showing posterior flattening on 3D T2WI (105/138 [76.1%]) than on 2D T2WI (27/138 [19.6%], P = 0.001). Inter-observer agreement was excellent for both 2D T2WI and 3D T2WI (Cohen's kappa = 0.928 and 0.962, respectively). Intra-class correlation coefficient for the ONSD was almost perfect (Cohen's kappa = 0.839). The globes with posterior flattening had significantly larger ONSD than those without on both 2D and 3D T2WI (P < 0.001; $6.14mm{\pm}0.44$ vs. $5.74mm{\pm}0.44$ on 2D T2WI; $5.90mm{\pm}0.47$ vs. $5.56mm{\pm}0.34$ on 3D T2WI). Optic nerve protrusion was significantly more frequent on reformatted 1-mm 3D T2WI than on 5-mm 2D T2WI (8 out of 138 globes on 3D T2WI versus one on 2D T2WI; P = 0.018). Conclusion: Posterior globe flattening is more frequently observed on 3D T2WI than on 2D T2WI in patients suspected of having increased intracranial pressure. The globes with posterior flattening have significantly larger ONSD than those without.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity of Vietnamese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities to Intervene

  • Do, Vuong Van;Jancey, Jonine;Pham, Ngoc Minh;Nguyen, Chung Thanh;Hoang, Minh Van;Lee, Andy H.
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: To objectively determine and compare the physical activity (PA) levels of adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adults without T2D in Vietnam using an accelerometer. Methods: A total of 120 participants with newly diagnosed T2D and 120 adults without T2D were recruited from a large hospital in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. All participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for at least 5 days, including 1 weekend day. Freedson cut-off points were used to estimate different intensities of PA. In addition, comparisons between groups were made with respect to achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommended PA guidelines. Results: Men with T2D had significantly lower levels of PA than men without T2D. The respective multivariable-adjusted mean values of daily step count, daily light-intensity, moderate-intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were approximately 14%, 19%, and 22% lower in the men with T2D than in their non-T2D counterparts. However, women with T2D accumulated a greater number of steps per day than women without T2D. Only 59.2% of the adults with T2D met the minimum recommended level of PA (WHO and IDF), compared to 74.2% of adults without T2D (p<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with T2D experienced 50.0% significantly lower odds of achieving PA recommendations. Conclusions: Vietnamese men with T2D were less physically active than those without T2D, and adults with T2D were less likely to meet PA guidelines. The results suggest a need for integrating PA into the self-management of this chronic condition.

췌장 경사자기장에코 자기공명영상에서 영상의 질 평가 (The Evaluation of Image Quality in Gradient Echo MRI of the Pancreas : Comparison with 2D T1 FFE and 3D T1 THRIVE Imaging)

  • 구은회
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2016
  • 본 데이터 분석은 췌장의 묘출을 위한 2D T1 FFE 과 3D T1 THRIVE 기법을 비교하고자 하였다. 1.5 T에서 검사한 총 85명(남자 45명, 여자 40 명, 연령범위 38-80세, 평균연령 58세)의 데이터를 PACS 네트워크(network)로 분석을 하였다. 평균 2D T1 FFE(SNR: $46.42{\pm}0.67$, CNR: $28.16{\pm}0.50$)보다 3D T1 THRIVE(SNR: $53.84{\pm}1.20$, CNR: $35.48{\pm}0.70$)값이 의미 있게 높은 값을 보여주었고(p<0.05), 영상의 질적인면(2D T1 FFE: $2.2{\pm}0.05$, 3D T1 THRIVE: $2.63 {\pm}0.14$)에서도 2D T1 FFE 기법에 비해 3D T1 THRIVE 기법이 모두 우위의 값을 얻게 되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 3D T1 THRIVE 기법이 높은 값을 얻었지만 영상의 질을 감소시키는 몇 가지 인공물이 발생하였다. 결론적으로 1.5 T MRI 기기를 이용한 3D T1 THRIVE 기법이 SNR, CNR, 영상의 질적 측면에서 증가된 결과를 얻었다.

Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 Black-Blood Fast Spin-Echo for Detection of Leptomeningeal Metastases

  • Park, Yae Won;Ahn, Sung Jun
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.86-93
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Imaging plays a significant role in diagnosing leptomeningeal metastases. However, the most appropriate sequence for the detection of leptomeningeal metastases has yet to be determined. This study compares the efficacies of contrast-enhanced T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1 black-blood fast spin echo (FSE) imaging for the detection of leptomeningeal metastases. Materials and Methods: Tube phantoms containing varying concentrations of gadobutrol solution were scanned using T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 black-blood FSE. Additionally, 30 patients with leptomeningeal metastases were retrospectively evaluated to compare conspicuous lesions and the extent of leptomeningeal metastases detected by T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 black-blood FSE. Results: The signal intensities of low-concentration gadobutrol solutions (< 0.5 mmol/L) on T2 FLAIR images were higher than in 3D T1 black-blood FSE. The T2 FLAIR sequences exhibited significantly greater visual conspicuity scores than the 3D T1 black-blood sequence in leptomeningeal metastases of the pial membrane of cistern (P = 0.014). T2 FLAIR images exhibited a greater or equal extent (96.7%) of leptomeningeal metastases than 3D T1 black-blood FSE images. Conclusion: Because of its high sensitivity even at low gadolinium concentrations, contrast-enhanced T2 FLAIR images delineated leptomeningeal metastases in a wider territory than 3D T1 black-blood FSE.

Olfactory bulb MRI 검사 시 SPACE 3D T2 기법의 Turbo factor 변화에 따른 화질 평가에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Qualty Evaluation of the Turbo Factor of the SPACE(Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip-angle Evolutions) 3D T2 Technique during Olfactory Bulb MRI Examination)

  • 이준규;노태관;조용근
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 후각망울(Olfactory Bulb) 검사 시 SPACE 3D T2 기법의 Turbo Factor 값을 변화하여 검사 한 후 2D TSE T2와 비교하여 진단능과 화질의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 결과 정성적, 정량적 분석 결과 SPACE 3D T2 기법이 2D TSE T2 기법과 비교 시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 결론적으로 Turbo Factor값을 적절하게 변화 시킨 SPACE 3D T2 기법은 검사시간을 단축시키면서 2D TSE T2기법과 비교하여 화질이 증가 된 영상을 획득할 수 있으므로 임상적으로 충분한 진단적 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

Use of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens

  • Islam, M.A.;Nishibori, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.683-689
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers. Methods: In experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $D_1$ (control), $D_2$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), $D_3$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), $D_4$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $T_1$ (control), $T_2$ (5% Azolla in the diet), $T_3$ (7% Azolla in the diet) and $T_4$ ($T_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days. Results: In experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in $D_4$ (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in $T_4$. Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, $T_2$ was the best performing dietary group followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in $D_3$ followed by $D_1$, $D_4$, and $D_2$, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in $T_2$, followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$, $T_4$, and $T_1$, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry.

사람의 ε-글로빈 프로모트에서 d(CXG)와 d(GXC)의 안정성에 인접한 염기 서열들의 영향 에 관한 연구 (Effect of Neighbor Base Sequences on the Base Pair Stabilities at d(CXG) and d(GXC) in Human ε-globin Promoter)

  • 정인애;강종백
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.208-212
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    • 2002
  • 온도 기울기 전기영동장치를 이용하여 d(CXG)와 d(GXC) 염기의 열 안정성을 결정하는데 사람의 $\varepsilon$-글로빈 DNA조각을 사용하였다. 염기 쌍의 안정성은 이웃하는 염기서열에 의한 수소결합과 base stocking 상호작용에 의존한다. 염기 쌍의 안정성은 d(CXG) d(CYG)의 경우에 T.AG.A = A.G>C.T>T.C>C.A>A.C이다.

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

  • Chung, Hae-Rang;Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.286-294
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    • 2009
  • This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.

ON THE OSCILLATION OF CERTAIN FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

  • Agarwal, Ravi-P.;Grace, S.R.;Dontha, S.
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.307-319
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we establish some new oscillation criteria for the functional differential equations of the form $\frac{d}{dt}$$\frac{1}{a_{n-1}(t)}$$\frac{d}{dt}(\frac{1}{{a_{n-2}(t)}\frac{d}{dt}(...(\frac{1}{a_1(t)}\frac{d}{dt}x(t))...)))^\alpha$ + $\delta[f_1(t,s[g_1(t)],\frac{d}{dt}x[h_1(t)])$ + $f_2(t,x[g_2(t)],\frac{d}{dt}x[h_2(t)])]=0$ via comparing it with some other functional differential equations whose oscillatory behavior is known.

DNA methylation: a cause and consequence of type 2 diabetes

  • Kim, Mirang
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.38.1-38.6
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    • 2019
  • DNA methylation is a relatively stable epigenetic modification that can regulate and stabilize gene expression patterns and hence establish cell identity. Because metabolic intermediates are key factors of DNA methylation and demethylation, perturbations in metabolic homeostasis can trigger alterations in cell-specific patterns of DNA methylation and contribute to disease development, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). During the past decade, genome-wide DNA methylation studies of T2D have expanded our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying T2D. This review summarizes case-control studies of the DNA methylome of T2D and discusses DNA methylation as both a cause and consequence of T2D. Therefore, DNA methylation has potential as a promising T2D biomarker that can be applied to the development of therapeutic strategies for T2D.