• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1699-1705
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• 2011

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) was recovered from swine wastewater and the feasibility of reutilizing it as a slowly-releasing fertilizer was evaluated. Maize growth was investigated with normal and high application rates of MAP and a fused super phosphate (FSP) fertilizer. A total of 5 treatments ($T_0$ = control, $T_1$ = MAP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_2$ = FSP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_1$, $T_3$ = MAP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_4$ = FSP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_3$) were arranged with 3 replications. In the case of height and circumference, significant differences were found between controls and treated maize plants (p<0.01). However, no statistical differences were found between MAP- and FSP-urea treated maize. Leaf area and green biomass yield were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treated group than control. Leaf area was also found significantly higher (p<0.01) in the higher MAP- treated group (2,374 $cm^2$ $plant^{-1}$) than other treatments. $N_2O$ emission was found to be lower in MAP treated soil than that from FSP-urea treated soil, which might be due to the slow releasing pattern of MAP. It could be assumed from the results that MAP would be an eco-friendly sustainable fertilizer source for crop production.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.665-671
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 DVB-T2 (digital video broadcasting for terrestrial - 2nd generation) 시스템을 위한 터보 등화기를 제안 하고 그 성능을 분석하였다. 터보 등화기는 MAP (maximum a posteriori) 검파기와 LDPC (low density parity check) 복호기로 구성 되었다. LS(least square) 채널 추정 기반 SISO (soft-input-soft-output) MAP 등화기는 LDPC 복호기에 외래 확률 값을 준다. 터보 등화기의 성능을 반복 횟수에 따라 컴퓨터 실험을 통하여 분석하였다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.591-603
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• 2006

For a set $X{\subset}{\mathbb{Z}}^n$ let $(X,\;T^n_X)$ be the subspace of the Khalimsky n-dimensional space $({\mathbb{Z}}^n,\;T^n)$, $n{\in}N$. Considering a k-adjacency of $(X,\;T^n_X)$, we use the notation $(X,\;k,\;T^n_X)$. In this paper for a map $$f:(X,\;k,\;T^n_X){\rightarrow}(Y,\;2\;T_Y)$$, we find the condition that weak (k, 2)-continuity of the map f implies strong (k, 2)-continuity of f.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2024

A regular t-balanced Cayley map on a group Γ is an embedding of a Cayley graph on Γ into a surface with certain special symmetric properties. We completely classify regular t-balanced Cayley maps for a class of split metacyclic 2-groups.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2001

Let X be a T-admissible space and A(x) be the set of all admissible fibers at x∈X. In this paper, we introduce some basic concepts, properties, and known results about set-valued maps, hyperspaces and especially T-admissible spaces. And then, we construct a certain set-valued map(Theorem 2.3) and an arc from {x} to X∈A(x) in use of the set-valued maps(Theorem 2.3 through Theorem 2.7).

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2009

본 연구는 MR T2 map기법을 이용하여 슬관절염이 없는 건강한 사람과 관절염이 있는 환자의 연골의 T2값 변화를 측정하여 슬관절 연골의 형태 및 손상 정도를 평가하고 아울러 T2 map기법의 유용성에 대하여 고찰해 보고자 한다. 과거 병력 및 현재 임상적으로 슬관절염이 없는 건강한 사람 30명과 2007년 11월부터 2008년 12월까지 무릎 통증으로 내원한 환자 중 단순 방사선 촬영에서 슬관절염 소견이 보이는 환자 30명을 대상으로 multi-echo 방식(TR: 1,000 ms, TE values (6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 32.5. 40, 45.5, 52))인 T2 SE (spin echo) sequence를 이용하여 슬관절 연골 T2 SE 영상을 획득 하였다. 획득한 영상을 바탕으로 슬관절 연골 내 구역별 신호강도(S.I)의 변화를 측정하고 이를 Origin 7.0 Professional (northampton, MA 01060 USA)을 이용하여 평균 T2값을 산출하였다. 산출된 T2값은 독립표본검정(Independent samples T-test, SPSS win 12.0)을 이용하여 건강한 그룹과 슬관절염 그룹에 대한 정량적 분석을 시행, 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 건강한 그룹과 슬관절염 그룹의 시상면과 관상면의 내, 외측 관절연골에 대한 각각의 T2 값은 시상면에서는 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($42.22{\pm}2.91$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.26{\pm}5.01$)보다 크게 나타났고 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.83{\pm}1.43$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.45{\pm}3.15$)보다 크게 나타났다. 관상면에서는 내측 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($45.65{\pm}7.10$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.49{\pm}8.41$)보다 크게 나타났고 내측 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($44.46{\pm}3.44$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($37.61{\pm}1.97$)보다 크게 나타났다. 외측 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.41{\pm}4.99$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($37.64{\pm}4.02$)보다 크게 나타났고 외측 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.78{\pm}8.08$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.62{\pm}7.81$) 보다 크게 나타났다. 슬관절염이 있는 환자인 경우 T2 map기법을 이용하여 지금까지 사용되었던 형태학적 MR 영상화 방법과 더불어 연골의 구조적, 기능적 변화를 정량적으로 분석함으로써 연골질환의 조기 진단에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2022

In this study, we define tubular surfaces in Pseudo Galilean 3-space as type-1 or type-2. Using the X(s, t) position vectors of the surfaces and G(s, t) Gaussian transformations, we obtain equations for the two types of tubular surfaces that satisfy the conditions ∆X(s, t) = 0, ∆X(s, t) = AX(s, t), ∆X(s, t) = λX(s, t), ∆X(s, t) = ∆G(s, t), ∆G(s, t) = 0, ∆G(s, t) = AG(s, t) and ∆G(s, t) = λG(s, t).

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2006

Let L : $C\;\rightarrow\;C$ be a hyperbolic automorphism. Then the hyperbolic toral automorphism $L_A\;T^2\;\rightarrow\;T^2$, induced by L, is a chaotic map ([2] pg.192). We characterize hyperbolic toral automorphisms by proving the converse of the above statement.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.573-582
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• 1995

J.Milnor[Mi2] has introduced the notion of directional entropy in his study of Cellular Automata. Cellular Automaton map can be considered as a continuous map from a space $K^Z^n$ to itself which commute with the translation of the lattice $Z^n$. Since the space $K^Z^n$ is compact, map S is uniformly continuous. Hence S is a block map(a finite code)[He]. (S is said to have a finite memory.) In the case of n = 1, we have a shift map, T on $K^Z$, and a block map S and they together generate a $Z^2$ action.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging and electron microscopic findings of the hyperacute stage of cerebral fat embolism in cats and the time needed for the development of vasogenic edema. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 30 minutes (group 1, n=9) and at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after embolization with triolein (group 2, n= 10). As a control for group 2, the same acquisition was obtained after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles (group 3, n=5). Electron microscopic examination was done in all cats. In group 1, the lesions were iso- or slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DWIs) images, hypointense on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map image, and markedly enhanced on the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (Gd-T1WIs). In group 2 at 30 minutes, the lesions were similar to those in group 1. Thereafter, the lesions became more hyperintense on T2WIs and DWIs and more hypoinfense on the ADC map image. In group 3, the lesions showed mild hyperintensity on T2WIs at 6 hours but hypointensity on the ADC map image from 30 minutes, with a tendency toward a greater decrease over time. Electron microscopic findings revealed discontinuity of the capillary endothelial wall, perivascular and interstitial edema, and swelling of glial and neuronal cells in groups 1 and 2. The lesions were hyperintense on T2WIs and DWIs, hypointense on the ADC map image, and enhanced on Gd-T1WIs. On electron microscopy, the lesions showed cytotoxic and vasogenic edema with disruption of the blood-brain barrier.