• 제목/요약/키워드: T2

검색결과 51,114건 처리시간 0.068초

Dynamic Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting During Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers: First Results

  • Luuk H.G.A. Hopman;Elizabeth Hillier;Yuchi Liu;Jesse Hamilton;Kady Fischer;Nicole Seiberlich;Matthias G. Friedrich
    • Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2023
  • BACKGROUND: Cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (cMRF) enables simultaneous mapping of myocardial T1 and T2 with very short acquisition times. Breathing maneuvers have been utilized as a vasoactive stress test to dynamically characterize myocardial tissue in vivo. We tested the feasibility of sequential, rapid cMRF acquisitions during breathing maneuvers to quantify myocardial T1 and T2 changes. METHODS: We measured T1 and T2 values using conventional T1 and T2-mapping techniques (modified look locker inversion [MOLLI] and T2-prepared balanced-steady state free precession), and a 15 heartbeat (15-hb) and rapid 5-hb cMRF sequence in a phantom and in 9 healthy volunteers. The cMRF5-hb sequence was also used to dynamically assess T1 and T2 changes over the course of a vasoactive combined breathing maneuver. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers, the mean myocardial T1 of the different mapping methodologies were: MOLLI 1,224 ± 81 ms, cMRF15-hb 1,359 ± 97 ms, and cMRF5-hb 1,357 ± 76 ms. The mean myocardial T2 measured with the conventional mapping technique was 41.7 ± 6.7 ms, while for cMRF15-hb 29.6 ± 5.8 ms and cMRF5-hb 30.5 ± 5.8 ms. T2 was reduced with vasoconstriction (post-hyperventilation compared to a baseline resting state) (30.15 ± 1.53 ms vs. 27.99 ± 2.07 ms, p = 0.02), while T1 did not change with hyperventilation. During the vasodilatory breath-hold, no significant change of myocardial T1 and T2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: cMRF5-hb enables simultaneous mapping of myocardial T1 and T2, and may be used to track dynamic changes of myocardial T1 and T2 during vasoactive combined breathing maneuvers.

CONTRACTIONS OF CLASS Q AND INVARIANT SUBSPACES

  • DUGGAL, B.P.;KUBRUSLY, C.S.;LEVAN, N.
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.169-177
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    • 2005
  • A Hilbert Space operator T is of class Q if $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ is nonnegative. Every paranormal operator is of class Q, but class-Q operators are not necessarily normaloid. It is shown that if a class-Q contraction T has no nontrivial invariant subspace, then it is a proper contraction. Moreover, the nonnegative operator Q = $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ also is a proper contraction.

Effect of Protein Deprivation on Subsequent Efficiency of Dietary Protein Utilization in Finishing Pigs

  • Whang, K.Y.;Donovan, S.M.;Easter, R.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.659-665
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    • 2000
  • A nitrogen (N) balance trial was conducted to examine the effect of N deprivation on subsequent N retention, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and IGF-I levels and the ratio of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 to IGFBP-l and -2. Pigs in treatment (T) 1 were given diet A (2.39% N) and those in T2 and T3 were given diet B (1.31% N) and excreta were collected (period 1 (P1)). Pigs in T1 continued to receive diet A while diets for T2 and T3 were changed to diets A and C (2.74% N), respectively. The excreta were collected for two more periods (P2 and P3). During P1, pigs in T2 and T3 retained 50% less N (p<0.001) than those in T1. However, pigs provided T2 (p<0.01) and T3 (p<0.05) retained more N than those assigned to T1 during P2. Pigs in T3 tended to retain more (p=0.10) N than those receiving T2 for the same period. The BUN values were lower (p<0.05) for pigs assigned to T2 and T3 than T1 during P1 and P2. Both IGF-I and IGFBP ratios of pigs assigned to T1 were higher (p<0.05) than those given T2 and T3 during P1 but no differences were found during P2 and P3.

곡류 중 T-2 및 HT-2 독소 동시 정량분석의 유효성 검증 및 실태조사 (Survey and method validation of simultaneous quantitative analysis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals)

  • 백옥진;강태범
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.559-566
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 곡류 중 트리코테센류 곰팡이독소인 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 LC-MS/MS 분석방법을 검증하고 국내 유통 곡류 중 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 오염실태를 파악하였다. 곡류 중의 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소를 분석하기 위해, 염화나트륨을 포함한 90% 메탄올 용액으로 추출, 원심분리, 여과, 4% 염화나트륨용액으로 희석하고, 원심분리한 후, 여과한 후 면역친화성칼럼에 의해 정제한 시료를 LC-MS/MS 동시정량 분석하였다. T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소의 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 $0.5{\mu}g/kg$$1.5{\mu}g/kg$ 얻었다. matrix-matched 표준 검량식에서 상관계수 0.99 이상의 직선성을 얻었으며, T-2독소와 HT-2 독소 2배에서 10배의 정량한계로 표준용액을 첨가한 시료에서 회수율은 T-2독소와 HT-2 독소 각각 $100.6{\pm}7.2%$, $96.8{\pm}9.4%$로 EU 가이드라인에서 제시하는 유효성 기준을 만족하였다. LC-MS/MS 정량법을 이용하여 국내 곡류 9품목 115건에 대해 T-2 독소와 HT-2 독소의 오염도를 조사하여 본 결과, 전체 곡류 115건 중에서 T-2 독소는 83건, HT-2 독소는 93건 검출되었으며 오염도는 T-2 독소는 N.D~37.1 ug/kg, HT-2 독소는 N.D~5.4 ug/kg 으로 낮은 수준이었으며, 오염도는 유럽기준치($100{\mu}g/kg$)이내 이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 곡류 중 T-2 독소 및 HT-2 독소에 대한 분석법은 향후 우리나라 곡류 중 곰팡이독소 안전관리를 위한 시험법으로 활용가능하며, 오염도 자료는 안전성 평가의 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

난황 경구투여가 랫드의 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Oral Administration of Egg Yolk on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats)

  • 방한태;황보종;박상오;박병성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.255-264
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 계란 난황을 경구투여 한 랫드에서 혈액 지질감소에 관한 생화학적 대사기전을 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 36마리의 Sprague Dawley 숫컷 랫드를 4처리구 3반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 6주 동안 동일한 정제고형식이를 급여하면서 매일 한번 씩 난황을 경구투여 하였다. 대조군(C; 생리식염수 1.0 g), T1(삼겹살 기름 1.0 g), T2(난황 1.0 g), T3(삼겹살 기름 1.0g 과 난황 1.0 g을 각각 1주일씩 교체 투여군)으로 구분하였다. 일일평균 증체량은 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, T2, C 순서로 낮게 나타났다. 혈액 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤은 T1이 가장 높았고 C, T3, T2 순서로 낮게 나타났다. HDL-C는 T2가 가장 높았고 C, T3, T1 순서로 낮게 나타났으나 LDL-C는 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, C, T2 순서로 높게 나타났다. 간 기능을 나타내는 지표 AST, ALT는 T1에서 가장 높았고 T2가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 복강지방을 제외한 간, 비장, 신장의 무게는 각 처리구 사이에 차이는 없었다. 복강지방은 T1이 가장 높았으나 C, T2, T3사이의 차이는 없었다. HMG-CoA reductase activity는 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, C 순서로 낮게 나타났으며 T2는 가장 낮았다. 분을 통하여 배설되는 일일 총스테롤, 중성스테롤, 산성스테롤의 배설량은 T2가 가장 높았으나 T1은 가장 낮았다. 본 연구결과는 계란의 섭취가 동물의 간에서 콜레스테롤 합성효소의 활성을 억제함과 동시에 분을 통한 스테롤의 배설을 촉진시켜줌으로써 혈액 지질을 낮춘다는 사실을 확인하였다.

신갈나무와 굴참나무 천연림(天然林) 생태계(生態系)의 현존량(現存量) 및 물질(物質) 생산성(生産性)에 관한 연구 (Biomass and Net Primary Productivity in Natural Forests of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis)

  • 송칠영;이수욱
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제85권3호
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    • pp.443-452
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    • 1996
  • 충청북도 충주지역에서 평균수령 67, 62년생 신갈나무와 굴참나무 천연림을 대상으로 표준지를 선정하고 각 표준지에서 각각 10본의 표본목을 선정, 벌채하여 지상부의 현존량과 물질 생산성을 조사 분석하였다. 충주지역의 현존량 및 물질 생산성의 추정에 상대생장식을 사용하여 추정하였는데, 추정 방정식 모형으로는 $Wt=aD^bH^c$$Wt=a(D^2H)^b$, $Wt=aD^b$ 보다 적합하였고, 두 수종 모두 성분별 단목 현존량의 표본값과 추정치를 T-검정하여 본 결과 유의차는 없었다. 임분의 현존량은 신갈나무 임분의 지상부 총량이 130.6 t/ha였고, 굴참나무 임분이 137.4 t/ha였다. 부위별로는 신갈나무 임분의 경우, 엽 5.1 t/ha(3.9%), 죽은가지 3.5 t/ha(2.7%), 생지부 29.7 t/ha(23.0%), 수피 16.2 t/ha(l2.5%), 그리고 수간목부 74.9 t/ha(58.0%)였다. 굴참나무 임분은 엽 3.8 t/ha(2.9%), 죽은가지 2.9 t/ha(2.2%), 생지부 24.3 t/ha(l8.4), 수피 20.4 t/ha(15.5%), 그리고 수간목부 80.4 t/ha(61.0%)였다. 두 임분의 1년간 생산할 수 있는 지상부 총량은 각각 신갈나무 임분이 10.0 t/ha/yr, 굴참나무 임분이 8.6 t/ha/yr였다. 본 참나무 천연림은 장령림이지만 온대 활엽수림의 순생산량(5~10 t/ha/yr)과 거의 유사한 양을 보였다.

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Reversed-phase 및 $Ag^{+}$-HPLC에 의한 Conjugate Trienoic Acid 함유(含有) Triacylglycerol 분자종(分子種)의 상호분리(相互分離) (Resolution of the Triacylglycerols Containing Conjugate Trienoic Acids into Their Molecular Species by HPLC in the Reversed-phase and Silver Ion Mode)

  • 김성진;우효정;조용계
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.197-213
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    • 2001
  • Conjugate trienoic acids (CTA) occurred in triacylglycerols (TGs) of the seed oils of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Momordica charantia and Aleurites fordii, and they were easily converted to their methyl esters in a mixture of sodium methoxide-methanol without any structural destruction. The main fatty acids in triacylglycerol (TG) fraction of the seed oils of Trichosanthes kirilowii are $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ (32.2 mol %), $C_{18:3{\;}9c.11t,13c}$ (38.0 mol %) and $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (11.8 mol %), followed with $C_{16:0}$ (4.8 mol %) and $C_{18:0}$ (3.1 mol %). The TG fraction was resolved into 20 TG molecular species according to the partition number (PN) by reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC. The main TG species were $DT_{c2}$, $MDT_{c}$ and $D_{2}T_{c}$, of which amounts reached 63 mol % of total TG molecular species. The TG sample was fractionated into 11 fractions according to the number of double bond in the molecule by $Ag^{+}-HPLC$ and the species of $DT_{c2}$, $MDT_{c}$ and $D_{2}T_{c}$ were also eluted as main components. The TG species containing CTA showed unusual behaviours in the order of elution by HPLC ; first, TG moleular species of $DT_{c2}$ (D; dienoic acid, $T_{c}$; punicic acid, $T_{ci}$; ${\alpha}-eleostearic$ acid, M ; monoenoic acid, $S_{t}$; stearic acid) was eluted earlier than $Mt_{c2}$, although they have the same PN number of 40, and, secondly, the species of $DT_{ci2}$ with eight double bonds was eluted earlier than that of $D_2T_{ci}$ with seven double bonds. Intact TG of the seed oils of Momordica charantia contained mainly fatty acids such as $C_{18:3{\omega}9c,11t,13t}$ (57.7 mol %), $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (17.4 mol %), $C_{18:0}$ (12.3 mol %) and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ (10.6 mol %), and was classified into 13 fractions by RP-HPLC. The main TG species were as follows ; $MT_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 39.1 mol %] and $S_{t}T_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_2$, 33.9 mol %] comprising about 73 mol % of total TG species, accompanied by $DT_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 7.3 mol %], $D_{2}T_{ci}$ [$ (C_{18:2{\omega}6})_{2}(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$, 3.6 mol %] and $MDT_{ci}$ [$(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$, 3.5 mol %]. Simple TG species of $T_{ci3}$ [$(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_3]$ was present in a small amount of 1.4 mol %, but other simple TG species were not detected. The TG was also resolved into 11 fractions according to the number of double bond by $Ag^{+}-HPLC$, and the species were mainly occupied by $MT_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 39.4 mol %] and $S_tT-{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 35.4 mol %] $DT_{ci2}$ species with eight double bonds was also developed faster than $D_2T_{ci}$ one with seven double bonds as indicated in the analysis of TG of the seed oils of T. kirilowii, and $MT_{ci2}$ species with cis, trans, trans-configurated double bond was eluted earlier than $MT_{c2}$ species with cis, trans, cis-configurated double bond. The main components of fatty acid in total TG fraction isolated from the seed oils of of Aleurites fordii were in the following order ; $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ (81.2 mol %)> $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ (8.5 mol %)> $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (5.4 mol %)$. With resolution of the TG by RP-HPLC, eight fractions such as $T_{ci3}$, $Dt_{ci2}$, $D_{2}T_{ci}$, $MT_{ci2}$, $PT_{ci2}$ (P; palmitic acid), $PMT_{ci}$, $PDT_{ci}$ and $S_{t}T_{ci2}$ ($S_{t}$; stearic acid) were isolated, respectively. TG species of $T_{ci3}$ [$(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{3}$, 54.2 mol %], $DT_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 15.0 mol %] and $MT_{ci2}$ [$(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3 9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, 14.8 mol %] were present as main species.

ON FUZZY ${T_2}$-AXIOMS

  • Cho, Sung-Ki
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.393-403
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    • 1999
  • Some fuzzy T\ulcorner-axioms are characterized in terms of the notion of fuzzy closure and the relationship between those fuzzy T\ulcorner-axioms are obtained. Also, finite fuzzy topological spaces satisfying one of those axioms are studied.

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사료의 ME가와 단백질 수준이 백세미의 생산성과 경제성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of ME and Crude Protein Content of Diet on the Performance and Production Cost of White Semibroiler Chickens)

  • 조중호;엄재상;유명상;백인기
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.53-56
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    • 2007
  • ME가와 단백질 수준이 백세미 육계의 생산성과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시중에 판매되는 육계 초이 및 전기 사료를 T1로 하여 전기(starter) 및 육성기(grower) 사료로 각각 이용하였고, T1 사료의 ME가와 조단백 함량을 하향 조정한 세 처리구 등 총 4가지 사료(전기: T1; ME 3,040, CP 21.40%, T2;ME 2,950, CP 20.62%, T3; ME 2,950, CP 19.90%, T4; ME 2,900, CP 18.50% 그리고 후기: T1; ME 3,070, CP 20.86%, T2; ME 3,000, CP 19.70%, T3; ME 3,000, CP 18.70%, T4; ME 2,920, CP 18.00%)를 실용 산란계 암컷(Hy-Line)과 육용 종계 수컷($Ross^{(R)}$)을 인공 수정하여 부화시킨 백세미 초생추 360수(4처리, 6반복, 반복당 15수)에 공시하여 5주간의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 T1구가 다른 세 처리구에 비해 가장 높았고 사료 섭취량 또한 T1구가 가장 높았다. 사료 전환율도 T1구가 가장 좋았다. 생산 지수에서도 T1이 153으로 T2: 112, T3: 108 그리고 T4: 101 보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 경제성 분석에서도 T1이 다른 처리구에 비하여 현저하게 우수하였으며 kg 증체당 사료비가 가장 낮았다. 그 다음으로 T4, T3, T2 순이었다. 결론적으로 백세미의 증체량과 사료 요구율 및 경제성을 고려할 때 기존의 육계 사료를 급여 시 생산성이 가장 높았으며, 사료의 ME가와 조단백질 함량을 하향 조정할수록 생산성이 저하되었다.

Feasibility of Novel Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting of the Prostate Gland: Phantom and Clinical Studies

  • Dongyeob Han;Moon Hyung Choi;Young Joon Lee;Dong-Hyun Kim
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.1332-1340
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    • 2021
  • Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a new three-dimensional (3D) MR fingerprinting (MRF) technique for the prostate gland by conducting phantom and clinical studies. Materials and Methods: The new 3D MRF technique used in this study enables quick data acquisition and has a high resolution. For the phantom study, the MRF T1 and T2 values in an in-house phantom were compared with those of goldstandard mapping methods using linear regression analysis. For the clinical study, we evaluated 90 patients who underwent prostate imaging with MRF for suspected prostate cancer between September 2019 and February 2020. The mean T1 and T2 values were compared in the peripheral zone, transition zone, and focal lesions using paired t tests. The differences in the T1 and T2 values according to cancer aggressiveness were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. Results: In the phantom study, the MRF T1 and T2 values showed a perfect correlation with the gold-standard T1 and T2 values (R > 0.99). In the clinical study, the T1 and T2 values in the peripheral zone were significantly higher than those in the transitional zone (p < 0.001, both). The T1 and T2 values in prostate cancer were significantly lower than those in the peripheral and transitional zones. The higher the grade of cancer, the lower the T2 values. Conclusion: The T1 and T2 values obtained from the 3D MRF showed a perfect correlation with the gold standard values in the phantom study. Differences in the T1 and T2 values among the different zones of the prostate gland were identified using 3D MRF in patients.