• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated whether S. baicalensis rhizome ethanol extract (SBRE) has antioxidant capacities against oxidative stress induced cellular damage in the HaCaT keratinocytes. Our results revealed that treatment with SBRE prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) exposure significantly increased the HaCaT cell viability. SBRE also effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$ induced comet tail formation, and inhibited the $H_2O_2$ induced phosphorylation levels of the histone ${\gamma}H2AX$, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V positive cells. In addition, SBRE exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS generation and restored the mitochondria membrane potential loss induced by $H_2O_2$. Moreover, $H_2O_2$ enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with SBRE. Furthermore, SBRE increased the levels of HO-1 associated with the induction of Nrf2. Therefore, we believed that SBRE may potentially serve as an agent for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-141
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-febrile and immune response on the arthritis of carrageenan-induced animals. Methods and Materials : Rats were classified into control and sample groups which are 7 individuals each for the experiments about anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile. Each of the 7 mice were classified into normal, control, sample groups for the analgesic experiments. Gamichangbai-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) was administered to sample group and normal saline was administered to normal and control groups. Arthritis was induced by injection of 1% carrageenan $0.1m{\ell}$ and Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) was administered after 30 minutes. The change of edema in Carrageenan-induced Arthritic Rats' Paws was measured after 1 hour and 5 hours from the injection of carraqeenan with Plethysmometer(7150, UGO BASILE, ltaly) by Winter' method. WBC, Lymphocyte and ESR were measured by heart puncture and CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio were measured from the spleen tissue. Writhing syndrom was measured with Tail flick unit(UGO BASILE, Italy) in the experiments conducted to check the analgesic activity. The temperature of the paws of carrageenan-induced arthritic rats was measured by Laser thermometer. Rectal temperature was measured by Yeast's method in anti-febrile experiments. Immune response was measured by CD4+, CD8+ T cell ratio and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Results : 1. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased the increase rate of Paw Edema effectively with statistical significance. 2. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased WBC, Lymphocyte and ESR with statistically high significance. 3. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) did not show significant analgesic effect, but the Pressure pain threshold of the paws was increased with statistical significance. 4. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased rectal temperature effectively and had an anti-febrile effect about the febrile of a joint with statistical significance. 5. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) increased CD4+ T cell ratio with statistically high significance and increased CD+8 T cell ratio with statistical non significance but increased CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio effectively with statistical significance, too. Conclusions : According to the above results, it can be concluded Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) showed the treatment effects on the artificial arthritis resulted from carageenan in rats and it is suggested that more interest and study in the security for the clinical use were needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.286-293
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• 1993

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the fertilization levels and oversowing treatment on liveweight gain of glazing cattle, changs of botanical composition, and dry matter(DM) yield in tall fescue dominant mixed pasture during the grazing period. The treatments were T$_1$(low fertilizing; 120-100-100 kg/ha), T$_2$(medium fertilizing; 280-200-200 kg/ha) and T$_3$(medium fertilizing+oversowing). The botanical composition of tail festuce was increased in T$_1$ and that of tall fescue, orchardgrass and pernnial ryegrass in T$_3$ was 30.5%, 23.8% and 24.1%, respectively. The total forage DM yield was the highest in T$_3$, and the average stocking rate (animal unit; AU) per day during the grazing period in T$_1$, T$_2$ and T$_3$ was 2.4 AU. 3.0 Au and 3.3 AU, respectively. The total grazing days (animal unit day; AUD) in T$_3$(664 AUD) was higher than that of T$_1$, and T$_2$. There is no significant difference in average daily liveweight gain per head among the treatments but daily liveweight gain per ha in T$_3$ was higher than that of T$_1$, and T$_2$. The total liveweight gain per ha during the grazing period in T$_1$, T$_2$ and T$_3$ was 601kg. 762kg and 877kg, respectively. The herbage consumption per day per 100kg LW was similer among the treatments but crude protein, P, K and Ca contents in herbage were increased with medium fertilization levels(T$_2$) and with oversowing(T$_3$).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.542-549
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the body size, sexual size dimorphism (SSD), and related environmental factors between Red-tongued viper snakes (Gloydius ussuriensis) inhabiting two different places, i.e., Jeju Island and its islet Gapado, and to provide data required to maintain species diversity from May, 2006 until June, 2009. The snout-vent length of the Red-tongued viper snake population inhabiting Jeju Island was found to be 242-532 mm ($422.0{\pm}46.7mm$, n = 100) in females and 296-580 mm ($434.5{\pm}51.7mm$, n = 63) in males. In contrast, the snout-vent length was observed to be 205-395 mm ($335{\pm}43.6mm$, n = 55) in female and 215-430 mm ($328{\pm}39.4mm$, n = 73) in male Red-tongued viper snakes inhabiting Gapado. These data demonstrated the snout-vent length of both female and male Red-tongued viper snakes on Jeju Island to be larger than those on Gapado (Female t = 17.343, df = 115, P<0.001; Male = 19.128, df = 101, P<0.001). SSD was measured to be -0.03 in the Red-tongued viper snake population on Jeju Island, with more or less larger sizes in the males, while it was 0.02 in the Red-tongued viper snake population in the Gapado, with a little larger sizes in the females. The reason for this difference in the snake populations between Jeju Island and Gapado may be due to adaption to the different ecological environments. In addition, as SSD, the snout-vent length of the Red-tongued viper snake populations and in young vipers was somewhat higher in the males than in the females on Jeju Island (t = -2.011, df = 117, P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the snout-vent length of the young and the general Red-tongued viper snake populations on Gapa Island. For the population on Jeju island, the head length (F = 6.318, $df_{1,2}$=1,117, P<0.05), head width (F=8.090, $df_{1,2}$=1,117, P<0.01), inter eye length (F=15.898, $df_{1,2}$=1,117, P<0.001), and tail length (F=238.488, $df_{1,2}$=1,111, P<0.001) were all larger in the males, while females showed higher body mass (F=64.111, $df_{1,2}$=1,114, P<0.001). In the case of the Gapa Island population, no significant differences in the head length, head width, and inter eye length between females and males were observed, while the males had a longer tail length (F=168.555, $df_{1,2}$=1,74, P<0.001) and the females were heavier (F=17.812, $df_{1,2}$=1,76, P<0.001). Though no significant differences were found in the head length, head width, and inter eye length, the tail length (F=67.793, $df_{1,2}$=1,72, P<0.001) and body mass (F=4.558, $df_{1,2}$=1,72, P<0.05) were higher in the young male Red-tongued viper snakes than in the females. The snout-vent length, head length, head width, and inter eye length, which did not display SSD in the young Red-tongued viper snake populations, were higher in the male Red-tongued viper snake populations than in the female population from Jeju Island, implying that SSD in the Red-tongued viper snake population on Jeju Island is expressed due to environmental effects during their growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 1987

The catch by the set net fishery from 1971 to 1985 were analyzed in order to reveal its fluctuation characteristics. Generally, the catch increased from 16,787M/T in 1971 to 84,103M/T in 1985 and showed maximum in 1979 with 99,475M/T of catch. This trend was mainly related to the higher production of file fish which accounts for 64% of the total catch in 1979, and the change of catch statistical classification according to the revising of fishery law in 1976. It was also closely related to the variation of the sea water temperature in coastal area. The main fishing period of the set net fishery appeared from October to November. Catch of the set net fishery was led by that in the southern coast before 1976 and by that in the eastern coast from 1977 to 1980, the tendency changed irregular from 1981. Three groups of fishes could be distinguished by principal component analysis of the annual catch. A group showing steady decreasing tendency was composed of the fishes such as whiting, sand fish, hair tail and anchovy. The another group composed of small alaska pollack, round herring, goby, gizzard shad, sand lance and file fish revaled an increasing tendency. The other fishes did not show any annual tendency.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.461-466
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of yam (Dioscorea batatas Dence) extracts on the cell viability, growth and nucleus-DNA damage of tobacco cells which were exposed to $\gamma$-radiation stress. The viability and growth of tobacco cells exposed to 20 Gy of radiation stress were effectively recovered by pretreatment of 10 mg/L ethylacetate (EtOAc) yam extract. Pretreatment of EtOAc extract showed 20% higher cell viability and fresh weight growth than that of cells without pretreatment in 20 Gy radiation treated tobacco cells. Nucleus-DNA damage was measured as the ratio of tail length (T) to head length (H) in individual comet image isolated from tobacco cells. The T/H ratio of control-cells and treated-cells at 20 Gy were 1.05 and 1.68, and % head DNA of those cell were 86.7 and 71.3%, respectively, suggesting that nuclei of tobacco cells were severely damaged in the integrity of DNA by the treatment of $\gamma$-radiation. However, pretreatment of MeOH, EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts decreased radiation induced DNA-damage in the tobacco cells, showing T/H ratio of 1.37, 1.01 and 1.10 and % head DNA of 81.5, 87.6 and 88.7%, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1030-1041
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• 2018

Abiotic stresses limit the growth and productivity of plants. Cellular adaptation to abiotic stresses requires coordinated regulation in gene expression directed by complex mechanisms. This study used the activation tagging system to identify novel salt stress-responsive genes. The study selected 9 activation tagging lines that showed salt stress-tolerant phenotypes during their germination stages. Thermal asymmetric interlaced-PCR (TAIL-PCR) was used to identify the T-DNA tagging sites on the Arabidopsis genome in selected activation tagging lines, including AT7508, AT7512, AT7527, AT7544, AT7548, and AT7556. RT-PCR analysis showed that ClpC2/HSP93-III (At3g48870), plant thionin family (At2g20605), anti-muellerian hormone type-2 receptor (At3g50685), vacuolar iron transporter family protein (At4g27870), and microtubule-associated protein (At5g16730) were activated in AT7508, AT7512, AT7527, AT7544, and AT7556, respectively. Interestingly, in AT7548, both the genes adjacent to the T-DNA insertion site were activated: Arabinogalactan protein 13 (AGP13) (At4g26320) and F-box/RNI-like/FBD-like domains-containing protein (At4g26340). All of the seven genes were newly identified as salt stress-responsive genes from this study. Among them, the expression of ClpC2/HSP93-III, AGP13, F-box/RNI-like/FBD-like domains-containing protein gene, and microtubule-associated protein gene were increased under salt-stress condition. In addition, AT7508, AT7527, and AT7544 were more tolerant to salt stress than wild type at seedling development stage, functionally validating the screening results of the activation tagging lines. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the activation tagging system is useful for identifying novel stress-responsive genes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.868-875
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• 2023

Kinesin-1 is a motor protein identified as the first member of the kinesin superfamily (KIF), which plays a role in intracellular cargo transport by acting as microtubule-dependent motor proteins within cells. Kinesin-1 consists of two heavy chains (KHCs, also known as KIF5s) and two light chains (KLCs). The 93 amino acids in the carboxyl (C)-terminal tail region of KIF5A are not homologous to the C-terminal tail region of KIF5B or the C-terminal tail region of KIF5C. In this study, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the binding proteins that interacted with the C-terminal region of KIF5A. We found an association between KIF5A and CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), which is proposed to function as an adaptor protein involved in ubiquitination pathways and protein trafficking. CUEDC2 bound to the C-terminal region of KIF5A and did not interact with KIF5B (the motor of kinesin-1), KIF3A (the motor of kinesin-2), or kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1). KIF5A specifically bound to the C-terminal region of CUEDC2. Furthermore, KIF5A did not interact with another isoform: CUEDC1. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-downs showed that KIF5A directly bound GST-CUEDC2 but did not interact with GST-CUEDC1 and GST alone. When myc-KIF5A and EGFP-CUEDC2 were co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, CUEDC2 co-immunoprecipitated with kinesin-1, and myc-KIF5A and FLAG-CUEDC2 colocalized in the cells. These results suggest that in intracellular cargo transport by kinesin-1, CUEDC2 serves as an adaptor protein connecting kinesin-1 and cargo by binding to KIF5A.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.363-376
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• 2017

The insurance market is saturated and its growth engine is exhausted; consequently, the insurance industry is now in a low growth period with insurance companies that face a fierce competitive environment. In such a situation, it will be an important issue to find the probability distributions that can explain the flow of insurance claims, which are the basis of the actuarial calculation of the insurance product. Insurance claims are generally known to be well fitted by lognormal distributions or Pareto distributions biased to the left with a thick tail. In recent years, skew normal distributions or skew t distributions have been considered reasonable distributions for describing insurance claims. Cooray and Ananda (2005) proposed a composite lognormal-Pareto distribution that has the advantages of both lognormal and Pareto distributions and they also showed the composite distribution has a higher fitness than single distributions. In this paper, we introduce new composite distributions based on skew normal distributions or skew t distributions and apply them to Danish fire insurance claim data and US indemnity loss data to compare their performance with the other composite distributions and single distributions.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus) is the aetiological agent of an ulcerative and necrotic disease commonly called tenacibaculosis in marine fish. Tenacibaculosis is an economically important disease in a great variety species in Jeju Island cultured fish and leading to this pathogen initially affected by skin, mouth, fins, tail causing severe necrotic and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. In the present study, A-7 strain was isolated from Paralichthys olivaceus showing symptoms of tenacibaculosis and identified as T. maritimum by morphological, biochemical and molecular biological analysis. T. maritimum A-7 is experimentally infected through immersion route in Paralichthys olivaceus which the disease outbreaks in land-based fish tanks of Jeju Island. Up to data a number of treatments proposed for the tenacibaculosis outbreaks are based on the immersion administration of drugs in tank. Oxytetracycline is the most widely used disinfectants in fish farms. However, most of fish farms manager and consumers have expressed concern as bioaccumulation in tissue and its environmental. In addition, this antimicrobial compounds is expensive in fish farmers. The overcome of this problem is desired the application of natural plant derived products. To obtain as 70% EtOH extract antimicrobial compounds against tenacibaculosis from 35 species of Jeju Island native plants were screened for antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum. In the present study were identified most of the plant extracts were better antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum.