• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.348-353
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• 1999

Possible antiinflammatory effect of eudesmin were examined by assessing the effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ production and lymphocyte proliferation as well as cytotoxicity against murine and human macrophages. the compound significantly inhibited TNF-$\alpha$, production by lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 without displaying cytotoxicity suggesting that eudesmin may inhibit TNF-$\alpha$ production without any interference of normal cell function. It also significantly attenuated T cell proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) in a dose-dependent manner.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2006

Secalonic acid D(SAD) was isolated as the major secondary metabolite of the marine lichen-derived fungus Gliocladium sp. T31. Its structure was established on the basic of physicochemical and spectroscopic data. This is the first report on the isolation of SAD from this fungus, as well as its inhibitory effect on K562 cell cycle and its cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines in vitro.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

This study was executed to evaluate the phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging rate, and the cytotoxic effect in human cancer cell, 3T3-L1 cell from C. lanceolata extracts at various ethanol concentration. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the C. lanceolata at various ethanol concentration showed the high amount in 70%, 100% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity progressively increased in a dose-dependent manner, and showed the highest in 100% ethanol extract. The cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell of the C. lanceolata was higher in 50% and 70% ethanol extracts. In particular, the cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cell was relatively higher than in other cells. The $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on MCF-7 cell ($538.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 70% ethanol extract, and exhibited significant activity against Hela cell ($637.87{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, Calu-6 cell ($728.64{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The extract of 70% ethanol at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 cell comparable to that of the other extracts, and reduced in a concentration-dependent manner.

• 생약학회지
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• 제25권4호통권99호
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• pp.356-362
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of reaction-precipitate from Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix aqueous mixture(CGP) on the cytotoxicity. The effects of CGP on the growth of tumor cells, Balb/c 3T3 cell, mouse spleen cell and human lymphocyte were compared with those of berberine, glycyrrhizin and berberine glycyrrhizinate(BG), which were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay or cell counting. CGP, berberine and BG inhibited the growth of several tumor cells, such as Hep G2, A549, Raji, MCF-7, HeLa and KHOS-NP. Whereas, glycyrrhizin inhibited the growth of Raji and MCF-7, CGP did not affect on Balb/C 3T3 cells, mouse spleen cells and human lymphocyte at $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-5}g/ml$. CGP increased the number of leukocyte in mice. This results indicate that CGP have the inhibitory action of the growth of human tumor cells, and the side effect of CGP is less than berberine and BG.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 1998

MHC unrestricted, antigen nonspecific killing by $CD4^+$ T-cells against virally-infected target cells was induced following cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The cytotoxicity of antibody-activated $CD4^+$ T-cells was abolished by genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by H-7, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Genisteintreated human or bovine peripheral blood $CD4^+$ T-cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally-infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The cross-linking of CD4 molecules did not induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF ${\beta}$. TNF ${\beta}$ synthesis was up-regulated by incubating antibody activated effector cells with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) infected D17 target cells. Anti-TNF ${\beta}$ antibody partially abrogated direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. On the other hand, this antibody effectively neutralized antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on effector and target cell ratio. These findings have importance to define the mechanisms of how CD4 cytotoxic cells control viral infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid present in many plants with diverse applications in pharmacology. Despite several studies elucidating its significant anti-cancer activity against various cancer cells, the mechanism of action in skin cancer is not well addressed. Hence, we investigated the effects of luteolin in HaCaT (human immortalized keratinocytes) and A375 (human melanoma) cells. The radical scavenging abilities of luteolin were determined spectrophotometrically, prior to a cytotoxic study (XTT assay). Inhibitory effects were assessed by colony formation assay. Further, the capability of luteolin to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were demonstrated by flow cytometry and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA, respectively. The results revealed that luteolin possesses considerable cytotoxicity against both HaCaT and A375 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 37.1 ${\mu}M$ and 115.1 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Luteolin also inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner by disturbing cellular integrity as evident from morphological evaluation by Wright-Giemsa staining. Accumulation of cells in G2/M (0.83-8.14%) phase for HaCaT cells and G0/G1 (60.4-72.6%) phase for A375 cells after 24 h treatment indicated cell cycle arresting potential of this flavonoid. These data suggest that luteolin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in skin cancer cells with possible involvement of programmed cell death, providing a substantial basis for it to be developed into a potent chemopreventive template for skin cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1163-1167
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• 2008

In this study, cytotoxicity of cadmium on NIH 3T fibroblasts was utilized in order to discover antitoxic compound in methanol extract of Sophora fIavascens Ait. There were treatment groups; control (medium only), $MTT_{50}$ group and five experimental groups. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazoliumbromide} assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles and $IC_{50}$ was also measured. Accordingly we have examined the detoxification effects of methanol extract of S. flavescens Ait. and leachianone A (LA) on cadmium-treated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts ($IC_{50}=\;12.5{\mu}M$) to observe morphological changes by the light microscopy. Both S. flavescens Ait. methanol extract and LA showed inhibitory effects on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, LA showed dose-dependency in detoxication. From these results, it is conceivable to suggest that LA from S. flavescens Ait. methanol extract is a potential antitoxic agent.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

알러지성 접촉피부염 유발제인 수은의 독성에 대한 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L.) 추출물의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포에 여러 농도의 메틸수은(methylmercuric chloride, MMC)을 72시간 동안 처리한 후 이들의 세포독성을 조사하였다. 또한, MMC의 독성에 대한 청미래덩굴 추출물의 보호효과를 항산화 측면에서 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. MMC는 농도 의존적으로 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포의 세포생존율을 유의하게 감소하였으며 $XTT_{50}$값이 100 uM 이하로서 고독성(highly-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, MMC의 독성이 항산화제인 vit. E에 의하여 방어됨으로서 MMC의 독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, MMC의 세포독성에 대한 청미래덩굴 추출물의 방어효과에 있어서 청미래덩굴 추출물은 MMC에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 MMC의 독성을 방어하였다. 또한, 청미래덩굴 추출물은 전자공여능(EDA)을 비롯한 SOD-유사 활성(SLA) 및 지질과산화능(LPA)와 같은 항산화 효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 청미래덩굴과 같은 천연 성분은 산화적 손상과 관련된 염증성 피부질환의 치료를 위한 항산화제로서의 미래 가능한 천연소재라고 생각된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the cytotoxicity of cadmium sulfate ($CdSO_4$) and the antioxidative effect of Typha orientalis L. (TO) extract on the oxidative stress induced by cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ in the cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods: For this study, the cell viability and the antioxidative effects such as the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation (LP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO)-inhibitory activity were assessed. Results: The cadmium sulfate significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $47.4{\mu}M$ of $CdSO_4$. The cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ was determined as highly toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidant significantly increased cell viability injured by $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of TO extract on $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity, TO extract remarkably increased the inhibitory ability of LP and XO as well as SOD-like ability. Conclusions: From the above results, it is suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$, and TO extract effectively protected $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidative effects. The natural component like TO extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for treatment of the toxicity induced by heavy metallic compound like $CdSO_4$ correlated with the oxidative stress.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

Combination chemotherapy is more effective than mono-chemotherapy and is widely used in clinical practice for enhanced cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential synergistic effects of acetaminophen, a common component in many cold medicines, and romidepsin, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. The combination of acetaminophen and romidepsin also exerted significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 on tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, combination therapy significantly induced increased production of chemokines that stimulate migration of activated T-cells into tumor cells. This mechanism can lead to active T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity in addition to the direct cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effect. Activated T-cells led to enhanced cytotoxicity in drug-treated A549 cells through interaction with tumor cells. These results suggested that the interaction between the two drugs is synergistic and significant. In conclusion, our data showed that the use of romidepsin and low concentrations acetaminophen could induce effective anti-tumor effects via enhanced tumor immune and direct cytotoxic chemotherapeutic responses. The combination of acetaminophen with romidepsin should be considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.