• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.589-595
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• 2009

The hot forming process of an exhaust CAM for vessel engine was designed by finite element(FE) simulation and experimental analysis. An aim of process design was to achieve the near-net shaped CAM forgings by hot forging process. Based on the compression test results of the low alloy steel, power dissipation map was generated using the the dynamic materials model(DMM). From the map, the initial heating temperature was determined as 1200oC. FE analysis was simulated to predict the formation of forging defects and deformed shape with different forging designs. Optimum process design suggested in this work was made by comparing with the CAM for vessel engine manufactured by actual forging process.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.507-517
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• 2004

Let (2,2,2,2) be ramification indices for the Riemann sphere. It is well known that the regular branched covering map corresponding to this, is the Weierstrass P function. Lattes [7] gives a rational function R(z)= ${\frac{z^4+{\frac{1}{2}}g2^{z}^2+{\frac{1}{16}}g{\frac{2}{2}}$ which is chaotic on ${\bar{C}}$ and is induced by the Weierstrass P function and the linear map L(z) = 2z on complex plane C. It is also known that there exist regular branched covering maps from $T^2$ onto ${\bar{C}}$ if and only if the ramification indices are (2,2,2,2), (2,4,4), (2,3,6) and (3,3,3), by the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. In this paper we will construct regular branched covering maps corresponding to the ramification indices (2,4,4), (2,3,6) and (3,3,3), as well as chaotic maps induced by these regular branched covering maps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.135-143
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to reduce editors' workload and automation to update(v) Digital Map(n) regarding changed topography. In Digital Map case, it usually uses the way of various survey to update(v). In this case, it costs a great deal and doesn't be efficient backup management. Accordingly, it can reduce editors' the period of the process and be efficiently managed the backup data due to well organized backup data management. We present update plan that used clipping and join for this result by analyzing Boundary of input data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2009

The hot forming process of a CAM for vessel engine was designed by finite element (FE) simulation and experimental analysis. An aim of process design was to achieve the near-net shaped CAM forgings by hot forging process. Based on the compression test results of the low alloy steel, deformation processing map was generated using the superposition approach between the dynamic materials model (DMM) and flow stability and/or instability criteria. From the processing map, the initial heating temperature was determined as $1200^{\circ}C$. FE analysis was simulated to predict the formation of rolling defects and deformed shape with different forging designs. Optimum process design suggested in this work was made by comparing with the CAM for vessel engine manufactured by actual forging process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.725-732
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hydrated potato starch on the quality of low-fat ttoekgalbi (Korean traditional patty) packaged in modified atmosphere conditions during storage. The ttoekgalbi was prepared from 53.2% lean beef, 13.9% lean pork, 9.3% pork fat, and 23.6% other ingredients. Two low-fat ttoekgalbi treatments were prepared by substituting pork fat with hydrated potato starch; either by 50% fat replacement (50% FR) or 100% fat replacement (100% FR). Both 50% and 100% FR increased the moisture, crude protein, and decreased fat content, cooking loss, and hardness. For MAP studies, 200 g of ttoekgalbi were placed on the tray and filled with gas composed of 70% $O_2$: 30% $CO_2$ (70% $O_2$-MAP) and 30% $CO_2$: 70% $N_2$ (70% $N_2$-MAP), and were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 12 d. During the storage time, both 50% and 100% FR showed higher protein deterioration, while no differences were found in CIE $a^*$, CIE $L^*$, lipid oxidation, and bacterial counts in comparison to control. The ttoekgalbi with 70% $O_2$-MAP was more red, lighter in color, and showed higher TBARS values compared with 70% $N_2$-MAP. The meat with 70% $N_2$-MAP showed lower aerobic bacterial counts in control than those with 70% $O_2$-MAP. The lower anaerobic bacterial counts were observed only in 50% FR and 100% FR packed with 70% $N_2$-MAP in comparison with 70% $O_2$-MAP. In conclusion, the fat replacement with hydrated potato starch showed no negative effects on the quality of low fat ttoekgalbi during storage and 70% $N_2$-MAP was better than 70% $O_2$-MAP for low-fat ttoekgalbi packaging.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

Background: We hypothesized that ketamine, when administered as the anesthetic induction agent, may prevent cardiovascular depression during high-dose remifentanil administration, unlike propofol. To test our hypothesis, we retrospectively compared the hemodynamic effects of ketamine, during high-dose remifentanil administration, with those of propofol. Methods: Thirty-eight patients who underwent oral surgery at the Nagasaki University Hospital between April 2014 and June 2015 were included in this study. Anesthesia was induced by the following procedure: First, high-dose remifentanil ($0.3-0.5{\mu}g/kg/min$) was administered 2-3 min before anesthesia induction;next, the anesthetic induction agent, either propofol (Group P) or ketamine (Group K), was administered. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the heart rate were recorded by the automated anesthesia recording system at four time points: immediately before the administration of high-dose remifentanil (T1);immediately before the administration of propofol or ketamine (T2);2.5 min (T3), and 5 min (T4) after the administration of the anesthetic induction agent. Results: In Group P, the MAP at T3 ($75.7{\pm}15.5mmHg$, P = 0.0015) and T4 ($68.3{\pm}12.5mmHg$, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than those at T1 ($94.0{\pm}12.4mmHg$). However, the MAP values in the K group were very similar (P = 0.133) at all time points. The heart rates in both Groups P (P = 0.254) and K (P = 0.859) remained unchanged over time. Conclusions: We showed that ketamine, when administered as the anesthetic induction agent during high-dose remifentanil administration, prevents cardiovascular depression.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

Let T be an integral domain, M a nonzero maximal ideal of T, K = T/M, $\psi$: T \longrightarrow K the canonical map, D a proper subring of K, and R = $\psi^{-1}$(D) the pullback domain. Assume that for each $x \; \in T$, there is a $u \; \in T$ such that u is a unit in T and $ux \; \in R$, . In this paper, we show that R is a weakly Krull domain (resp., GWFD, AWFD, WFD) if and only if htM = 1, D is a field, and T is a weakly Krull domain (resp., GWFD, AWFD, WFD).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2016

Forest sequesters large terrestrial carbon which is stored in the biomass of tree and plays a key role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the growing stock, above ground biomass and carbon in trees of Ponda watershed of Rajouri district (J&K). IRS-P6 LISS-III satellite data of October 2010 was used for preparation of land use/land cover map and forest density map of the study area by visual interpretation. The growing stock estimation was done for the study area as well as for the sample plots laid in forest and agriculture fields. The growing stock and biomass of trees were estimated using species specific volume equations and using specific gravity of wood, respectively. The total growing stock in the study area was estimated to be $0.25million\;m^3$ which varied between $85.94m^3/ha$ in open pine to $11.58m^3/ha$ in degraded pine forest. However in agriculture area, growing stock volume density of $14.85m^3/ha$ was recorded. Similarly, out of the total biomass (0.012 million tons) and carbon (0.056 million tons) in the study area, open pine forest accounted for the highest values of 43.74 t/ha and 19.68 t/ha and lowest values of 5.68 t/ha and 2.55 t/ha, respectively for the degraded pine forest. The biomass and carbon density in agriculture area obtained was 5.49 t/ha and 2.47 t/ha, respectively. In all the three forest classes Pinus roxburghii showed highest average values of growing stock volume density, biomass and carbon.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2019

This paper is a study on IoT based map inside the building and fire perception system using microprocessor and LABVIEW program. The smart control system implemented in this paper is designed to identify the location of fire by using microprocessor, flame detection sensor, carbon monoxide sensor and temperature sensor, and to guide the optimal travel route through Zigbee communication. And the proposed system uses QR code to interoperate with smartphone. The coordinator control verified that the sensor value of the smart control system installed through the LABVIEW software was confirmed. The IoT based control system studied in this paper was implemented with Arduino mega board and LABVIEW software, and the operation status was confirmed by display device and coordination.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.733-740
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• 2014

With the development and spread of 3D display, users can easily experience an augmented reality with 3D features. Therefore, the demand for content of an augmented reality is exponentially growing in various fields. A traditional augmented reality environment was generally created by CG(Computer Graphics) modelling production tools. However, this method takes too much time and efforts to create an augmented environment. To create an augmented environment similar to the real world, everything in the real world should be measured, gone through modeling, and located in an augmented environment. But the time and efforts spent in the creation don't produce the same environment as the real world, making it hard for users to feel the sense of reality. In this study, multi-scale 3D panorama content augmented system is suggested by using a depth-map. By finding matching features from images to add 3D features to an augmented environment, a depth-map is derived and embodied as panorama, producing high-quality augmented content system with a sense of reality. With this study, limits of 2D panorama technologies will be overcome and a sense of reality and immersion will be provided to users with a natural navigation.