• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between psychological factors and symptoms of oral mucosal diseases by means of the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Methods: Three hundred and eighteen college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the MMPI-2 and a questionnaire related to symptoms of oral mucosal diseases and collected data were analyzed by Student's t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Subjects who have experienced herpetic stomatitis revealed significantly higher mean values of T-scores than subjects who have not on hypochondriasis (Hs) and hysteria (Hy) clinical scales of the MMPI-2 (p<0.05). In comparison with subjects who have had recurrent aphthous ulceration, subjects who have not had it manifested significantly higher elevations on the schizophrenia (Sc) clinical scale (p<0.05). Subjects who have suffered oral lichen planus (OLP) showed significantly higher mean values of T-scores than subjects who have not on paranoia (Pa) (p<0.05) and hypomania (Ma) (p<0.01) clinical scales. Mean values of T-scores on Ma clinical scale were significantly higher in subjects having experienced glossodynia than in subjects having not experienced (p<0.05). Subjects having felt taste disturbance exhibited significantly higher elevations on Hs (p<0.0001) and Hy (p<0.01) clinical scales compared to subjects having not. Conclusions: Symptoms of oral mucosal diseases such as herpetic stomatitis, taste disturbance, OLP, and glossodynia were found to be related to Hs, Hy, Pa, Ma clinical scales of the MMPI-2. Therefore, comprehensive psychological evaluations of those oral mucosal diseases may be beneficial in a therapeutic approach.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

The research questions of this study were : Will the level of sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy 4 months before be decreased compare to the level of sexsual satisfaction before the hysterectomy\ulcorner, Will the level of perceived spouse support of women who have had a hysterectomy 4 months before be decreased compare to the level before the hysterectomy\ulcorner, and What is the relationship between sexual satisfaction and spouse support\ulcorner This is a perspective descriptive correlational study. The number of subjects was 44. The subjects were limited to Korean women who had an abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy for non - malignant diseases, were married(living with their husbands), mentally healthy, and premenopause at the time of operation. The instrument was consisted of 4 items of demo-graphic characteristics, 13 items of spouse support, and 10 items of sexual satisfaction. The instrument of sexual satisfaction was a component of the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. Data analysis was done by paired t-test to see the differences between the pre-post scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support. The Pearson Correlation Coefficiency was calculated to see the relationship between the scores of sexual satis-faction and spouse spport of pre-post hysterectomy. Results were summerized as follow : The mean age of the subjects was 43.5 years : 72.7% of the subjects were above middle school graduates : their mean income level was 1, 453, 000 Korean won and 86.4％ of the subjects have had bi-lateral oophrectomy. 1. The scores of sexual satisfaction of women at 4 months after hysterectomy was decreased significantly compare to the score before hysterectomy(paired t=.274, p=.009). 2. The scores of spouse support of the women at 4 months after hysterectomy was not decreased significantly compare to the score before hysterectomy(paired t=.19, p=.847). 3. The scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support before hysterectomy was significantly related(r=.5186, p=.000). 4. The scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support at 4 months after hysterectnmy was significantly related(r=.4110, p=.005). It carl be conlcluded that the sexual satisfaction level could be decreased 4 months after the hyster ectomy, but the spouse support level may not be decreased at 4 months after hysterectomy. Further studies have to be done to identify the factors related to the decrease of sexual satisfaction and spouse support after hysterectomy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

This study is to find the converging effects of the Complete Sciences Subjects(CSS) in high school before entrance to University on the scores of Basic Nursing Sciences(BNS) and Major Nursing Subjects(MNS) of 111 senior nursing students of one university. Using the SPSS 19.0, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple and simple linear regression were carried out. The mean scores of the groups that have completed the subjects of Biology I & II, Chemistry I & II were high on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology. There was a significant difference between the group of completed Biology II and incompleted Biology II on the mean scores of MNS(p<.05). There were positive correlations between the CSS and the scores of BNS and MNS, a moderate correlation between Chemistry II and BNS(r=.303) and a strong correlation between BNS and MNS(r=.796). Explanation rate of CSS on the scores of BNS, and MNS were 18.2%, 8.2% respectively, and on the scores of BNS on MNS was 63.8%. The result of this study can be used in assessing university entrance procedure after repeated study, extended location and more participants, and to use for making pre-school program for the freshmen who didn't CSS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2000

The relationships between children's health behavior and variables that effect children's health behavior has been investigated in a number of previous studies. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a peer's social reinforcement on children's dental health behavior in an elementary school. The research design was a nonequivalent pre and post-test quasi-experimental design and the study subjects with one hundred and thirteen eight to nine years old children, and their mothers (57 experimental group, 56 control group) were selected as a study group. Subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method. The study was carried out in an elementary school in Namwon city, Korea, from the 26th of April to the 12th of June in 1999. Data were collected in both the pre and post-test portions. Using the "Health Belief Model", each item of the questionnaire for measurement of dental health behavior was modified and administered for the children and their mothers. The questionnaire for the measurement of dental health behavior was developed by Oh, Y.B.(1994). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the questionnaire for children were .81, and for the mother were .79. In this study, the health belief model consists of "perceived susceptibility", "perceived seriousness", "perceived barrier", "perceived salience", and "perceived benefit". The questionnaire for the children was composed of 37 items, and the questionnaire for the mother was composed of 40 items. Data were analyzed by frequency, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, and multiple regression analysis by a SAS program. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The first hypothesis that the experimental group would have more change in the frequency of brushing per week than that of control group was accepted(t=3.817, p=0.000). Mean tooth brushing scores in the experimental group improved significantly from pre-test to post-test, but in the control group there was no significant improvement in tooth brushing scores. 2. The second hypothesis that the experimental group would have more change in score of dental health behavior than that of control group was accepted(benefit : t=2.804, p=0.006, salience: t=2.608, p=0,010). An evaluation between the experimental group and the control group showed significant change from pre-test to post-test in health behavior scores. 3. The third hypothesis that higher scores of social reinforcement would create more change in the scores of tooth brushing frequency in the experimental group was accepted(${\beta}$=0.169, p=0.000. Multiple regression was used to examine the peer's social reinforcement scores and the relative influence of significant variables in previous ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test on children's frequency of brushing during the post-test. The results of the study indicated that the combination of social reinforcement of peers with variables pertaining to mother and householder were significantly related and effectively improved a child's tooth brushing.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2015

Objectives : This study examined the characteristics and differences of PAI(Personality Assessment Inventory) profile between compensation-seeking(CS) and treatment-seeking(TS) patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI) and assessed the clinical meaning of the characteristics and differences of profiles between the two groups. Methods : 36 TBI patients who visited the Wonkwang University Hospital were selected. The patients were categorized as compensation-seeking TBI patients(n=22) and treatment-seeking TBI patients(n=14). The PAI scales and subscales were used to compare differences between two groups. t-verification for each variable and comparison analysis were performed. Results:In validity scales, CS group showed significantly higher NIM scores and lower PIM scores than TS groups. In full scales, CS group showed significantly higher SOM, ANX, ARD, DEP, and SCZ scores than TS group. In subscales, CS group showed significantly higher SOM-S, ANX-A, ARD-P, DEP(-C, A, P), (MAN-I), PAR-H, SCZ(-T, P), BOR(-A, N), and ANT-S scores than TS groups. In supplementary scales, CS group showed significantly higher SUI, NON and AGG-P, and lower RXR scores than TS group. Conclusions:There were significant differences in PAI scales with validity scales, some full and subscales according to compensation seeking status in TBI patients. The CS patients tended to exaggerate their symptoms on PAI, and showed higher scores representing somatic preoccupation and emotional distress. These results show the usefulness of PAI in reflecting the significant psychological differences between two groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.372-389
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• 1995

The frequency with which administration of chemotherapy for gynecological cancer treatment is used has increased along with the use of surgery and radiotherapy Among the various side effects of chemotherapy, stomatitis causes a problem of function and sensation in the oral cavity. This oral discomfort can be categorized into two components ; perceived oral symptoms and observed oral symptoms. If the oral problem continues, it may cause infection, bleeding and nutritional deficiencies. As a result of this condition, compliance with the treatment process can be affected as well as the prognosis for the cancer patients. But as the oral discorrfort usually appears after chemotherapy, it is often not reported to the health care personnel as a patient problem. Without problem identification of the oral discomfort and ability to assess the problem, effective intervention cannot be planned. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the pattern and the degree of oral discomfort due to cancer chemotherapy and thus to provide data for identification of the patient problem and for nursing assessment. The design of this study was a longitudinal de-scriptive study The subjects were in - patients who received chemotherapy under the diagnosis of gynecological cancer between Mar. 15, 1994 and May 15, 1994 at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea. The number of subjects was 64 and they were divided into two groups, one of 41 (A : 5FU & Neoplatin), the other of 23(B : Neoplatin, Cytoxan, Adriamycin), according to the treatment regimen. The data were collected for 24 days using self-re-port instruments. The instruments were the 「Perceived Oral Symptom Assessment Tool」 and 「Observed Oral Symptom Assessment Tool」 developed by this researcher. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-PC program, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient were applied. The results of this study are as follows : 1. In A regimen the peak time for perceived oral symptom scores was the fifth day after chemotherapy, and the tenth day for observed oral symptom scores. Both of the problems started on first day of chemotherapy and were not resolved completely until the 24th day after treatment. 2. In B regimen, the peak time for perceived oral symptom scores was on the seventh day after chemotherapy, and the eighth day for observed oral symptom scores. It was noted that perceived oral symptom scores were higher than observed oral symptom scores consistently for 24 days. Both also started on first day of chemotherapy, and were not resolved completely until the 24th day after chemotherapy. 3. There were no differences statistically in perceived oral symptom scores between A and B regimen. The loss of appetite and xerostomia caused the most severe discomfort in both of these two groups. 4. The were no differences statistically in observed oral symptom scores between the A and B regi moil. In the A regimen, the highest observed symptom scores were the lips, gingiva, tongue and buccal membrane in that order. But in the B regimen, the highest observed symptom scores were tongue, lips, buccal membrane and gingiva in that order. 5. In A regimen, the patients who had gingival edema and dentures had significantly higher perceived oral symptom scores. And those who had gingival edema and bleeding, foul odor and aphthous stomatitis had significantly higher observed oral symptom scores. 6. In B regimen, the patients who had the experience of stomatitis in the last course of chemotherapy had significantly higher perceived oral symptom scores. Those who had gingival edema had significantly higher observed oral symptom scores. 7. In the A regimen there was no correlation between lab values for lymphocytes and albumin with perceived oral symptom scores and observed oral symptom scores. In the B regimen, there was a significant negative correlation between lymphocytes and albumin with the observed oral symptom scores, but not between perceived oral symptom scores and lymphocytes and albumin values. In conclusion, the nurse should expect that the patient undergoing chemotherapy will complain severely about subjective discomfort and before objective physical change is observed. Also the patients who have chronic oral problems such as dentures, gingival edema and bleeding, foul odor, aphthous stomatitis will complain of severe oral discomfort due to chemotherapy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess influences of psychological factors on sleep disturbances in young adults through the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Methods: Two hundred and ninety nine college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the MMPI-2 and a questionnaire related to sleep disturbances and collected data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly with the increase of T-score of hysteria (Hy) scale. The increase of T-score of hypomania (Ma) and social introversion (Si) scale significantly contributed to the risk of insomnia. The occurrence of insomnia increased significantly as T-score of somatic complaints (RC1) and psychoticism (PSYC) scale increased. The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly as T-score of anxiety (ANX) and family problems (FAM) scale increased. The occurrence of insomnia decreased significantly with the increase of T-score of type A behavior (TPA) scale. The increase of T-score of dominance (Do) scale significantly contributed to the risk of tooth clenching. The odds of tooth grinding decreased significantly as T-score of MacAndrew alcoholism-revised (MAC-R) scale increased, whereas it increased significantly as T-score of addiction potential scale (APS) increased. No scale of MMPI-2 significantly affected the occurrence of snoring. Conclusions: T-scores of Hy, ANX, FAM, Do, MAC-R, and APS scales on MMPI-2 affected the risk of bruxism. T-scores of Ma, Si, RC1, PSYC, and TPA scales on MMPI-2 influenced the occurrence of insomnia. The psychometric instrument such as MMPI-2 is helpful in understanding and managing bruxism and insomnia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.373-381
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• 2016

This research is a descriptive correlation research to examine the relationship among stress, coping behaviors, and perceived social support in school-age children. Students in third, fourth, and fifth grades at one elementary school in A metropolitan city were included for this research. A researcher of the study visited the elementary school and obtained appropriate approval to conduct this survey. Then, a total of 481 students answered the questionnaire; finally, the questionnaires of 409 students were analyzed after excluding 72 questionnaires due to unreliable responses. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the collected data with SPSS 13.0. In the stress scores, academic stress was associated with the highest score ($9.30{\pm}4.41$). With respect to stress coping behaviors, lower-grade students showed to have significantly higher scores in coping behavior of pursuing social support than higher-grade students (F=3.181, p=.043); male students had higher scores in aggressive coping behavior than female students (t=-3.399, p=.001). Perceived social support scores were higher in the following order: family members ($33.01{\pm}7.61$), friends ($28.43{\pm}7.89$), and teachers ($25.71{\pm}6.30$). Female students had higher scores in perceived social support from friends (t=3.842, p=.000) and teachers (t=3.037, p=.003) than the male students. As the stress scores increased, passive coping behaviors (r=.410, p=.000) and aggressive coping behaviors (r=.445, p=.000) have been significantly increased. As perceived social support is higher, active coping behaviors (r=.455, p=.000) and coping behaviors to pursue social support (r=.429, p=.000) were significantly increased. Therefore, we can conclude that stress management is very significant for children. It would be necessary to develop nursing intervention programs in order to reduce the aggressive and passive coping behaviors of children and encourage perceived social support.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a Reality Therapy program for the elderly with depressive disorder, and then examine the effects of the developed program. Methods: This study used 'non-equivalence control group pretest-posttest design'. The participants were forty-eight elderly who were on medication treatment with depressive disorder. Twenty-two participants were assigned to the experimental group and twenty-six ones were assigned to the control group. A 10-session Reality Therapy program was provided to the experimental group. The data were collected from September to December in 2012. Dependent variables were self-esteem, internal control, and depression. Results: The scores of self-esteem for the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group (t=-4.87, p<.001). The scores of depression for the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group (t=3.61, p=.001). However, there was no significant change on the scores of internal control between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Reality Therapy program is effective in increasing self-esteem and decreasing depression for the elderly with depressive disorder.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationships among snacks, unbalanced diet, and eating behaviors of middle school students. Subjects of this study were randomly selected from middle school students living in ChungBuk and data were collected by questionaires. Major findings were as follows: First, majority of respondents felt snacks necessary for them. They were influenced by T. V advertisement when they chose snacks. Most students had snacks habitually, and girl students had snacks more freqently than boy students. The students who had more pocketmoney had more snack than those who had less pocktmoney. Second, girl students were more fastidious than boy students about foods. The students who took instant noodles an snacks more frequently got lower scores of eating behaviors than those who took instant noodles and snacks more frequently got lower scores of eating behaviors than those who took instant noodles and snacks less frequently. Finally frequent snacks and unbalanced diet had strong relationships with lower scores of eating behaviors. In conclusion, the findings implied that nutrition-education through mass media like. T.V may be effective and nutrition education also should be practiced both at school and at home for the students’good eating behaviors and health.