• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 2015

In this paper, we study Baire property of a family of spaces which contains properly the family of all topological spaces and generalize the existing results. Also, we study the images and inverse images of such spaces.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.270.1-270.1
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2004

W $O_{x}$-based semiconductor type thin film gas sensor was fabricated for the detection of N $O_{x}$ by reactive d.c. sputtering method. The relative oxidation state of the deposited W $O_{x}$ films was approximately compared by the calculation of the difference of the binding energy between Ols to W4 $f_{7}$2/ core level XPS spectra in the standard W $O_3$ powder of known composition. As the annealing temperature increased from 500 to 80$0^{\circ}C$, relative oxygen contents and grain size of the sputtered films were gradually increased. As the results of sensitivity ( $R_{gas}$/ $R_{air}$) measurements for the 5 ppm N $O_2$ gas, the sensitivity was 110 and the sensor showed recovery time as fast as 200 s. The other sensor properties were examined in terms of surface microstructure, annealing temperature, and relative oxygen contents. These results indicated that the W $O_3$ thin film with well controlled structure is a good candidate for monitoring and controlling of automobile exhaust.haust.t.t.t.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.13-30
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• 2010

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Consider the following iterative algorithm given by $x_0\;{\in}\;C$ arbitrarily chosen, $x_{n+1}\;=\;{\alpha}_n{\gamma}f(W_nx_n)+{\beta}_nx_n+((1-{\beta}_n)I-{\alpha}_nA)W_nP_C(I-s_nB)x_n$, ${\forall}_n\;{\geq}\;0$, where $\gamma$ > 0, B : C $\rightarrow$ H is a $\beta$-inverse-strongly monotone mapping, f is a contraction of H into itself with a coefficient $\alpha$ (0 < $\alpha$ < 1), $P_C$ is a projection of H onto C, A is a strongly positive linear bounded operator on H and $W_n$ is the W-mapping generated by a finite family of nonexpansive mappings $T_1$, $T_2$, ${\ldots}$, $T_N$ and {$\lambda_{n,1}$}, {$\lambda_{n,2}$}, ${\ldots}$, {$\lambda_{n,N}$}. Nonexpansivity of each $T_i$ ensures the nonexpansivity of $W_n$. We prove that the sequence {$x_n$} generated by the above iterative algorithm converges strongly to a common fixed point $q\;{\in}\;F$ := $\bigcap^N_{i=1}F(T_i)\;\bigcap\;VI(C,\;B)$ which solves the variational inequality $\langle({\gamma}f\;-\;A)q,\;p\;-\;q{\rangle}\;{\leq}\;0$ for all $p\;{\in}\;F$. Using this result, we consider the problem of finding a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and a strictly pseudocontractive mapping and the problem of finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and the set of zeros of an inverse-strongly monotone mapping. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve the several recent results in this area.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-128
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• 2020

This study suggests a strategic direction for developing the Port of Busan based on evaluating and prioritizing the relative importance of competitiveness factors for ports using SWOT analysis and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The Port of Busan is the world's sixth largest container port and the largest port in South Korea. The Port of Busan constitutes a key industrial infrastructure for an exporting country. Despite the economic and industrial importance of the Port of Busan, little research has examined its strategic development. This study derives a SWOT matrix for evaluating the competitiveness of factors from previous studies and expert reviews, and it constructs a hierarchical analysis structure model based on the SWOT matrix. To deduce a strategic direction for developing the Port of Busan, a questionnaire based on SWOT·AHP was distributed to industrial and academic associations to prioritize competitive factors. This study presents four strategic tactics based on strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) (S/O, S/T, W/O, and W/T) as strategic directions for developing the Port of Busan. This study will contribute objectively to the overall effort by the government to improve the operation of the Port of Busan and establish development strategies.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2007

Objectives : In this study we investigated the antiobese effects of mixed pills of pickled black soybeans with herbs(herbal Chokong pill, hereafter HCKP) in rats fed high-fat diet. It was evaluated by measuring the changes of body weight, adipose tissues weight and lipid profiles in serum. Methods : Black soybeans were pickled in vinegar for 15 days to prepare Chokong, at room temperature. For treatment group, HCKP was prepared, which five kinds of medicinal herbs(Rhynchosia nulubilis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zizyphus vulgaris, Atractylodes macrocephala K, Astragalus membranaceus and Cornus officinalis) were added to dried Chokong. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different diets during 9 weeks: normal diet containing 5%(w/w) com oil, high-fat diet containing 10%(w/w) lard plus 5%(w/w) corn oil (HF), high-fat diet supplemented with 1%(T1) and 5%(T5) HCKP powder, respectively. Results : The T5 group had markedly lower body weight gain and weights of epididymal adipose tissue when compared with HF group. There were significant differences in visceral adipose tissue weights, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations between the HF and T5 group. Then, the efficacy of powered HCKP on body weight and lipid profiles change in rats fed high-fat diet were induced dose dependantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that the possibility of HCKP, as an antiobese functional formula, by suppression of body weight gain and improved lipid profiles.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Thermoelectric thin film devices of the in-plane configuration consisting of 8 pairs of n-type $Bi_2Te_3$ and p-type $Sb_2Te_3$ legs were processed on Si submounts by electrodeposition. The thermoelectric generation characteristics of the thin film devices were investigated with respect to the apparent temperature difference ${\Delta}T$ caused by LED lighting as well as the change of the leg thickness. When ${\Delta}T$ was 7.4 K, the open circuit voltages of 6.1 mV, 7.4 mV, and 11.8 mV and the maximum output powers of 6.6 nW, 12.8 nW, and 41.9 nW were measured for the devices with the thermoelectric legs of which thickness were $2.5{\mu}m$, $5{\mu}m$, and $10{\mu}m$, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.642-649
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• 2011

In this paper, we present the analysis of the characteristics of advanced mobile communication base station with multi-band about power loss, power efficiency and carbon reduction considering cable power loss. The advanced mobile base station system is installed on the outdoor for Antenna and RF part, and then the power loss is reduced because the fiber optic cable is used between RF part and baseband part. If the cable power loss is reduced by 5 dB replacing an entire the advanced base station systems, annual power consumption is reduced total 49,038 MWh in the CDMA 20W, WCDMA 30W, WiBro 10W systems. Furthermore the advanced base station system of annual $CO_2$ emission is 20,832 $tCO_2$ compare to 65,878 $tCO_2$. Therefore the advanced base system is confirmed considering green IT technology for the advanced mobile communication base station.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

Critical nitrogen concentration (Nc), which is defined as the minimum % N in shoots required to maintain the maximum growth rate of top dry weight (W) at any time, was determined for rice plant. Using two rice varietal groups, japonica varieties and an indica $\times$ japonica "Dasanbyeo", 18 data points fulfilling the statistical criteria for determining Nc were obtained through eight N-fertilization experiments over two years at Suwon (37$^{\circ}$16'N), Korea. Nc dilution curve for each variety was obtained by fitting the Nc-W relationship to power function. However, The critical nitrogen curves for the two variety groups were not different statistically. Thus, a Nc dilution curve was fitted for the Nc data points pooled over the two variety groups and proposed in rice as: Nc=4.08, where W＜1.73 t h $a^{-1}$ , Nc=5.197 $W^{0.425}$3/ ($R^2$=0.964), where 1.73 t h $a^{-1}$ ＜W＜12 t h $a^{-l}$. The Nc for W＜1.73 t h $a^{-l}$ were estimated as a constant value of 4.08%, the mean value of the maximum N concentration for N-limiting condition and the minimum N concentration for N non-limiting condition. The model for Nc is applicable to diagnosing the nitrogen nutrition status during the rice growth period from emergence to heading stage. The Nc curve well discriminated the 144 data points between the N limiting and the N non-limiting groups regardless of varieties, cultural methods, and years.-limiting groups regardless of varieties, cultural methods, and years.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

This study aims at investigating measures to vitalize the Pohang Yeongil New Port and its hinterland in the context of the post Covid-19 pandemic. To identify appropriate strategies, an SWOT analysis combined with fuzzy-AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was applied for strategical priority. Among the SWOT factors, weaknesses and threats were found to be critical. At a more detailed level, the strategic priorities were given to insufficient infrastructure (W), neighboring ports (T), insufficient shipping network (W), low service level (W) and South-North Korea relationships (T). Given these results, several strategies to overcome core weaknesses and threats of the Pohang Yeongil Port were suggested. The results of this study may provide valuable insights for port policy makers.