• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

This study was performed to determine the risk factors associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in 672 heavy industry men workers. Subjects were examined in March, 2010 to September, 2010 in Gyeongnam province. Height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. And fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by Olympus AU 680, and their BMIs calculated. Age, smoking statue, and alcohol drinking of the workers were surveyed by questionnairs. The mean total cholesterol levels were $190.06{\pm}36.62mg/dL$, HDL-cholesterol $53.65{\pm}11.92mg/dL$, LDL-cholesterol $104.28{\pm}30.31mg/dL$, triglyceride $151.11{\pm}99.53mg/dL$, and fasting blood glucose $96.92{\pm}19.53mg/dL$. Mean systolic blood pressure was $126.08{\pm}13.78mmHg$, and diastolic blood pressure $71.88{\pm}10.45mmHg$. Subjects were categorized into two BMI groups, BMI ${\geq}23$ and BMI ${\leq}22.9$. The subjects with BMI of 23 or above had significantly higher levels of LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride, with lower levels of HDL-cholesterol. BMI showed the highest level at the age of thirties, increasing with age. BMI of smokers was higher than BMI of non-smokers, not showing a link between alcoholics and non alcoholics. In conclusion, age, systolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol are mostly relevant to the increase of BMI in this study.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2007

The Purpose Of This Paper Is To Use A Tactile Sensor To Compensate The Error Rate. Most Automated Sphygmomanometers Use The Oscillometric Method And Characteristic Ratio To Estimate Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure. However, Based On The Fact That Maximum Amplitude Of The Oscillometric Waveform And Characteristic Ratio Are Affected By Compliance Of The Aorta And Large Arteries, A Method To Measure The Artery Stiffness By Using A Tactile Sensor Was Chosen In Order To Integrate It With The Sphygmomanometer In The Future Instead Of Using Photoplethysmography. Since Tactile Sensors Have Very Weak Movements, Efforts Were Made To Maintain The Subject's Arm In A Fixed Position, And A 40hz Low Pass Filter Was Used To Eliminate Noise From The Power Source As Well As High Frequency Noise. An Analyzing Program Was Made To Get Time Delay Between The First And Second Peak Of The Averaged Digital Volume Pulse(${\Delta}t_{dvp}$), And The Subject's Height Was Divided By ${\Delta}t_{dvp}$ To Calculate The Stiffness Index Of The Arteries($Si_{dvp}$). Regression Equations Of Systolic And Diastolic Pressure Using $Si_{dvp}$ And Mean Arterial Pressure(Map) Were Computed From The Test Group (60 Subjects) Among A Total Of 121 Subjects(Age: $44.9{\pm}16.5$, Male: Female=40:81) And Were Tested In 61 Subjects To Compensate The Error Rate. Error Rates Considering All Subjects Were Systolic $4.62{\pm}9.39mmhg$, And Diastolic $14.40{\pm}9.62mmhg$, And Those In The Test Set Were $3.48{\pm}9.32mmhg,\;And\;14.34{\pm}9.67mmhg$ Each. Consequently, Error Rates Were Compensated Especially In Diastolic Pressure Using $Si_{dvp}$, Various Slopes From Digital Volume Pulse And Map To Systolic-$1.91{\pm}7.57mmhg$ And Diastolic $0.05{\pm}7.49mmhg$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권12C호
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• pp.1739-1747
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 RSA 공개키 암호화 알고리즘을 위한 효율적인 Radix-4 시스톨릭 VLSI 아키텍쳐를 제안하였다. 모듈러 곱셈 알고리즘의 이터레이션 단순화와 효율적인 시스톨릭 매핑으로 제안된 구조는 n-비트 모듈러 멱승 연산을 n$^{2}$ 클럭 싸이클에 수행한다. 각 지수 처리 단계에서 두 개의 모듈러 곱셈, M$_{i}$와 P$_{i}$는 중첩되어 연산되며 따라서 제안된 하드웨어의 이용도(hardware utilization)는 100%이다. 또한 RSA 암호화를 위한 총 모듈러 곱셈의 횟수를 줄이기 위하여 지수를 Radix-4 SD(Signed Digit) 수체계를 이용하여 인코딩하였다. 이로 인하여 지수의 NZ(non-zero) 디지트가 약 20% 감소되어 성능이 향상되었다. 기존의 방법들과 비교하였을 때, 제안된 구조는 비교적 적은 하드웨어를 사용하여 우수한 성능을 보였으며 개선된 Montgomery 알고리즘을 바탕으로 한 제안된 구조는 지역성, 규칙성, 확장성 등으로 VLSI 구현에 적합하다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2020

This retrospective, echocardiographic study using 144 dogs with clear systolic tricuspid regurgitation on Doppler echocardiography was performed to determine the diagnostic value of the systolic tricuspid regurgitation velocity/pulmonary artery flow velocity time integral to predict the Doppler estimates of dogs with tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient compared with other cardiac indices of pulmonary hypertension, and to investigate a cutoff value to select patients with a potentially poor outcome. The systolic tricuspid regurgitation velocity/pulmonary artery flow velocity time integral increased significantly as the severity of pulmonary hypertension increased and had a correlation coefficient that was analogous to those of other conventional cardiac indices. A cutoff value greater 1.65 provided the best-balanced sensitivity (84%) and specificity (80%) in determining patients with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the systolic tricuspid regurgitation velocity/pulmonary artery flow velocity time integral is readily obtained using routine echocardiography and could provide a non-invasive, novel, and supplementary index for evaluating dogs with pulmonary hypertension as useful prognostic criteria, particularly in those with advanced pulmonary hypertension.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 1989

To show the distribution and change of blood pressure according to age and to find factors affecting the level of blood pressure in primary school children, a follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1989 on 401 first grade children attending primary school in Kangwha County in 1986 and their parents. The blood pressure of the children was significantly increased according to age. The average annual increase was 1.8mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 2.5mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. The level of blood pressure did not show any significant difference in both sexes. Among children who were at or above the 80th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade, 35 and 30% of them have remained at the same level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively in the fourth grade. But we could not find any significance in the tracking of blood pressure of children who were at or above the 90th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade. Weight and pulse rate were shown to be significant factors affecting systolic blood pressure in children of both sexes and mother's blood pressure and skinfold thickness were also affected systolic blood pressure in girls. The variables significantly affecting diastolic blood pressure were arm circumference and pulse rate for boys and height and pulse rate for girls.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.740-756
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) according to aerobic exercise characteristics in adults with hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The related researches were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and 5 domestic databases up to September 4, 2019. To estimate the effect size, random effect models were used to derive weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of aerobic exercise on BP and HR. Results: A total of 37 RCTs with 1,813 samples were included. Aerobic exercise was found to significantly reduce systolic BP (WMD, - 8.29 mmHg; 95% CI, - 10.12 to - 6.46), diastolic BP (WMD, - 5.19 mmHg; 95% CI, - 6.24 to - 4.14) and HR (WMD, - 4.22 beats/min; 95% CI, - 5.36 to -3.09). In detail, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in all groups of exercise types, frequency and duration. Systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in the moderate and vigorous-intensity group. Exercise characteristics with the most dramatical change in systolic BP were water-based training, moderate-intensity, 3 times a week and 8 to 11 weeks of duration. In diastolic BP, the greatest effect size was over 24 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic exercise, especially water-based exercise can be an important part of lifestyle modification for hypertensive patients. Also, it can be recommended in a variety of clinical settings for lowering BP and HR. However, there is insufficient evidence that low-intensity exercise is effective in lowering BP.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

유한체 산술 연산은 현대 암호학(cryptography)과 오류 정정 부호(error correction codes) 등 다양한 응용에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 유한체상에서 몽고메리 곱셈 알고리즘을 사용한 효율적인 유한체 곱셈 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 곱셈기들에서는 AND와 XOR 게이트를 사용하여 구현되었는데, 시간 및 공간 복잡도를 줄이기 위해서 NAND와 NOR 게이트를 사용하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 게다가 제안한 알고리즘을 기초로 적은 공간과 낮은 지연시간을 갖는 효율적인 세미-시스톨릭(semi-systolic) 유한체 곱셈기를 제안한다. 제안한 곱셈기는 기존의 곱셈기에 비해 낮은 공간-시간 복잡도(area-time complexity)를 가진다. 기존의 구조들과 비교하면, 제안한 유한체 곱셈기는 공간-시간 복잡도면에서 Chiou 등, Huang 등 및 Kim-Jeon의 곱셈기에 비해 약 71%, 66%, 33%가 감소되었다. 따라서 제안한 곱셈기는 VLSI 구현에 적합하며, 다양한 응용의 기본 구성 요소로 쉽게 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Background: The vasoconstrictive effect of epinephrine in local anesthetics affects the heart, which leads to hesitation among dentists in injecting local anesthetics into patients with cardiovascular disease. Due to its vasoconstrictive effects, the present study investigated the effects of vasopressin administration on cardiac function in rats. Methods: Experiment 1 aimed to determine the vasopressin concentration that could affect cardiac function. An arterial catheter was inserted into the male Wistar rats. Next, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 U/mL arginine vasopressin (AVP) (0.03V, 0.3V, and 3.0V) was injected into the tongue, and the blood pressure was measured. The control group received normal saline only. In Experiment 2, following anesthesia infiltration, a pressure-volume catheter was placed in the left ventricle. Baseline values of end-systolic elastance, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic pressure, stroke work, stroke volume, and end-systolic elastance were recorded. Next, normal saline and 3.0V AVP were injected into the tongue to measure their effect on hemodynamic and cardiac function. Results: After 3.0V administration, systolic blood pressures at 10 and 15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 10 min compared with those at baseline. The diastolic blood pressures at 5-15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 5 and 10 min compared with those at baseline. The preload decreased at 5 and 10 min compared to that at baseline. However, the afterload increased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it increased at 10 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke volume decreased at 10 and 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke work decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Conclusion: Our results showed that 3.0 U/mL concentration of vasopressin resulted in increased blood pressure, decreased stroke volume and stoke work, decreased preload and increased afterload, without any effect on myocardial contractility.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of texture analysis on non-contrast-enhanced T1 maps of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and Methods: This study included 68 patients (57 males and 11 females; mean age, 55.7 ± 10.5 years) with acute ST-segment-elevation MI who had undergone 3T CMR after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Forty patients of them also underwent a 6-month follow-up CMR. The CMR protocol included T2-weighted imaging, T1 mapping, rest first-pass perfusion, and late gadolinium enhancement. Radiomics features were extracted from the T1 maps using open-source software. Radiomics signatures were constructed with the selected strongest features to evaluate the myocardial injury severity and predict the recovery of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic myocardial contractility. Results: A total of 1088 segments of the acute CMR images were analyzed; 103 (9.5%) segments showed microvascular obstruction (MVO), and 557 (51.2%) segments showed MI. A total of 640 segments were included in the 6-month follow-up analysis, of which 160 (25.0%) segments showed favorable recovery of LV longitudinal systolic myocardial contractility. Combined radiomics signature and T1 values resulted in a higher diagnostic performance for MVO compared to T1 values alone (area under the curve [AUC] in the training set; 0.88, 0.72, p = 0.031: AUC in the test set; 0.86, 0.71, p = 0.002). Combined radiomics signature and T1 values also provided a higher predictive value for LV longitudinal systolic myocardial contractility recovery compared to T1 values (AUC in the training set; 0.76, 0.55, p < 0.001: AUC in the test set; 0.77, 0.60, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The combination of radiomics of non-contrast-enhanced T1 mapping and T1 values could provide higher diagnostic accuracy for MVO. Radiomics also provides incremental value in the prediction of LV longitudinal systolic myocardial contractility at six months.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2000

Objective: To evaluate the hydrodynamic changes occurring in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in cervical spinal stenosis using the spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) technique. Materials and Methods: Using the SPAMM technique, 44 patients with cervical spinal stenosis and ten healthy volunteers were investigated. The degree of cervical spinal stenosis was rated as low-, intermediate-, or high-grade. Low-grade stenosis was defined as involving no effacement of the subarachnoid space, intermediate-grade as involving effacement of this space, and high-grade as involving effacement of this space, together with compressive myelopathy. The patterns of SPAMM stripes and CSF velocity were evaluated and compared between each type of spinal stenosis and normal spine. Results: Low-grade stenosis (n = 23) revealed displacement or discontinuity of stripes, while intermediate- (n = 10) and high-grade (n = 11) showed a continuous straight band at the stenotic segment. Among low-grade cases, 12 showed wave separation during the systolic phase. Peak systolic CSF velocity at C4-5 level in these cases was lower than in volunteers (p < .05), but jet-like CSF propulsion was maintained. Among intermediate-grade cases, peak systolic velocity at C1-2 level was lower than in the volunteer group, but the difference was not significant (p > .05). In high-grade stenosis, both diastolic and systolic velocities were significantly lower (p < .05). Conclusion: Various hydrodynamic changes occurring in CSF flow in cervical spinal stenosis were demonstrated by the SPAMM technique, and this may be a useful method for evaluating CSF hydrodynamic change in cervical spinal stenosis.