• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2026-2026
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• 2019

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.979-992
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• 2018

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is vital research goal. However, detailed molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in potatoes are not well known. In this study, we developed EMS-mutagenized potatoes that showed significant tolerance to drought stress compared to the wild-type (WT) 'Desiree' cultivar. In addition, changes to transcripts as a result of drought stress in WT and drought-tolerant (DR) plants were investigated by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. One-week-old WT and DR plants were treated with -1.8 Mpa polyethylene glycol-8000, and total RNA was prepared from plants harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for subsequent RNA sequencing. In total, 61,100 transcripts and 5,118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displaying up- or down-regulation were identified in pairwise comparisons of WT and DR plants following drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling showed the number of DEGs with up-regulation and down-regulation at 909, 977, 1181, 1225 and 826 between WT and DR plants at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Results of KEGG enrichment showed that the drought tolerance mechanism of the DR plant can mainly be explained by two aspects, the 'photosynthetic-antenna protein' and 'protein processing of the endoplasmic reticulum'. We also divided eight expression patterns in four pairwise comparisons of DR plants (DR0 vs DR6, DR12, DR24, DR48) under PEG treatment. Our comprehensive transcriptome data will further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in tetraploid potato cultivars.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.910-917
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• 2010

Makgeolli lees is a jigaemi by product produced by makgeolli brew processing. Jigaemi has high fiber content and therefore can potentially be used in the development of foods rich in dietary fiber. The effects of makgeolli lees fibers on the composition and physico-chemical properties of chicken emulsion systems were studied. The moisture and ash contents, yellowness, and viscosity of chicken meat emulsion systems with makgeolli lees fiber were all higher than those of control. Moreover, chicken batters supplemented with makgeolli lees fiber were characterized by lower cooking loss and better emulsion stability. Chicken emulsion systems with makgeolli lees fiber also had improved emulsion stability and emulsion viscosity, and the best results were obtained with meat batter containing 2% makgeolli lees fiber.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2011

The SpoU family of proteins catalyzes the methylation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). We characterized a putative tRNA/rRNA methyltransferase, VaSpoU1 of the SpoU family, from Viscum album (mistletoe). VaSpoU1 and other plant SpoU1s exhibit motifs of the SpoU methylase domain that are conserved with bacterial and yeast SpoU methyltransferases. VaSpoU1 transcripts were detected in the leaves and stems of V. album. VaSpoU1-GFP fusion proteins localized to both chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Sequence analysis similarly predicted that the plant SpoU1 proteins would localize to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Interestingly, mitochondrial localization of VaSpoU1 was inhibited by the deletion of a putative N-terminal presequence in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Therefore, VaSpoU1 may be involved in tRNA and/or rRNA methylation in both chloroplasts and mitochondria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.903-911
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• 2021

Previous studies have modified microbial genomes by introducing gene cassettes containing selectable markers and homologous DNA fragments. However, this requires several steps including homologous recombination and excision of unnecessary DNA regions, such as selectable markers from the modified genome. Further, genomic manipulation often leaves scars and traces that interfere with downstream iterative genome engineering. A decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas system (also known as the bacterial adaptive immune system) revolutionized genome editing technology. Among the various CRISPR nucleases of numerous bacteria and archaea, the Cas9 and Cas12a (Cpf1) systems have been largely adopted for genome editing in all living organisms due to their simplicity, as they consist of a single polypeptide nuclease with a target-recognizing RNA. However, accurate and fine-tuned genome editing remains challenging due to mismatch tolerance and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-dependent target recognition. Therefore, this review describes how to overcome the aforementioned hurdles, which especially affect genome editing in higher organisms. Additionally, the biological significance of CRISPR-mediated microbial genome editing is discussed, and future research and development directions are also proposed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.313-321
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• 2003

This review summarizes the recent advances in high-density algal cultures in the field of algal biotechnology. Photobioreactor engineering for economical and effective utilization of algae and its products has made impressive and promising progress. Bioprocess engineers have expedited the design and the operation of algal cultivation systems. Many of them in use today are open systems due to cost considerations, and closed photobioreactors have recently attracted a considerable attention for the production of valuable biochemicals or for special applications. For high-density cultures, the optimization of environmental factors in the photobioreactors have been explored, including light delivery, CO$_2$and O$_2$gas transfer, medium supply, mixing and temperature. It is expected that further advanced photobioreactor engineering will enable the commercialization of noble algal products within the next decade.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Pluripotent stem cells could self-renew and differentiate into various cells. In particular, porcine pluripotent stem cells are useful for preclinical therapy, transgenic animals, and agricultural usage. These stem cells have naïve and primed pluripotent states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells represented by mouse embryonic stem cells form chimeras after blastocyst injection. Primed pluripotent stem cells represented by mouse epiblast stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. They could not produce chimeras after blastocyst injection. Populations of embryonic stem cells are not homogenous; therefore, reporter systems are used to clarify the status of stem cells and to isolate the cells. For this reason, studies of the OCT4 reporter system have been conducted for decades. This review will discuss the naïve and primed pluripotent states and recent progress in the development of porcine OCT4 reporter systems.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

Chloroplast transformation in higher plants offers many attractive advantages over nuclear transformation, including a high-level accumulation of foreign proteins, multi-gene expression in single transformation event via transgene stacking in operons and no position effect due to site-specific integration of transgenes by homologous recombination. Most importantly, chloroplast transgenic plants are eco-friendly because their transgenes are maternally inheritance in most crop plants. However, chloroplast transformation system has limited success in crops alike nuclear transformation. In the past two decades, great progress has been made to overcome the limitations of chloroplast transformation, thus expending chloroplast bioreactor to several important crops including soybean, carrot, lettuce, and oilseed. Therefore, it has become possible that chloroplast transformation of crops can be used not only for the improvement of agronomic traits, but also for the production of vaccines and high valuable therapeutic proteins in pharmaceutical industry.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.541-544
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• 2021

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification found in all living organisms. This modification in bacterial pathogens plays a pivotal role in their infectious processes including pathogenicity, immune evasion, and host-pathogen interactions. Importantly, many key proteins of host immune systems are also glycosylated and bacterial pathogens can notably modulate glycosylation of these host proteins to facilitate pathogenesis through the induction of abnormal host protein activity and abundance. In recent years, interest in studying the regulation of host protein glycosylation caused by bacterial pathogens is increasing to fully understand bacterial pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on how bacterial pathogens regulate remodeling of host glycoproteins during infections to promote the pathogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1547-1554
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• 2015

The potential of microalgae biofuel has not been realized because of the low productivity and high costs associated with the current cultivation systems. In this study, a new low-cost and transparent attachment material was tested for cultivation of a filamentous algal strain, Stigeoclonium sp., isolated from wastewater. Initially, the different materials tested for Stigeoclonium cultivation in untreated wastewater were nylon mesh, polyethylene mesh, polypropylene bundle (PB), polycarbonate plate, and viscose rayon. Among the materials tested, PB led to a firm attachment, high biomass (53.22 g/m², dry cell weight), and total lipid yield (5.8 g/m²) with no perceivable change in FAME profile. The Stigeoclonium-dominated biofilm consisted of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharide, which helped in biofilm formation and for effective wastewater treatment (viz., removal efficiency of total nitrogen and total phosphorus corresponded to ~38% and ~90%, respectively). PB also demonstrated high yields under multilayered cultivation in a single reactor treating wastewater. Hence, this system has several advantages over traditional suspended and attached systems, with possibility of increasing areal productivity three times using Stigeoclonium sp. Therefore, multilayered attached growth algal cultivation systems seem to be the future cultivation model for large-scale biodiesel production and wastewater treatment.