• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

Purpose: To compare the outcome of two methods of chronic calcific tendinitis (CCT) treatment, Multiple drilling alone versus combined drilling and extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT). Furthermore, to analyze the clinical and radiologic results of different energy level configurations of ESWT. Materials and Methods: Among the patients complaining shoulder pain who visited the clinic from June 2010 to August 2011, 98 were diagnosed with CCT of the supraspinatus and were divided into the following three groups. Multiple drilling alone (n=31), Multiple drilling followed by high-energy ESWT (n=31), Multiple drilling followed by low-energy ESWT (n=36). The study was conducted only with patients with chronic pain persisting longer than six months despite prolonged conservative therapy. Clinical evaluation was done before and after 12 weeks from treatment, in clinical terms using the ASES, KSS, CSS system reflecting performance and symptom improvement, and in radiologic terms by studying the change in size of the calcific nodules. Results: All of three groups showed effects for improvement of clinical function and decrease of calcification and clinical improvement was significantly high in comparison between the group fulfilled by only multiple needling (the third group) and the group fulfilled by additional ESWT (the first and second groups) and in the radiological evaluation, calcification size and the rate of calcification decrease showed significant improvement statistically. For the comparison among the groups, degree of clinical function improvement and rate of calcification decrease showed significant difference between high energy group (the first group) and multiple needling group (the third group) as well as low energy group (the second group) and multiple needling group (the third group). But, in comparison between high energy group (the first group) and low energy group (the second group), there was no significant difference for the degree of clinical function improvement and rate of calcification decrease. Conclusion: For the treatment of chronic calcific tendinitis, additional ESWT showed more superior effects on clinical function improvement and radiological improvement regardless of the energy standard rather than the exclusive fulfillment of needling. But, as the result of ESWT by the energy standard, there was no significant difference for the decrease of calcification and degree of clinical function improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.159-184
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• 2006

Lately, the rapid social and family system change, the entrance examination-centered circumstance in education have a negative influence not only on making up the affirmative self-esteem but also on building up the personal relationship through mutual communication with friends of the same age. Making children adapt well to school life and develop a good relationship in the class is an important subject in educational field. Thus, various school activities should offer lots of opportunities to increase their affirmative self-esteem and more specified performance-centered programs are required toform a harmonious relationship among parties of students. The purpose of this study is to improve an affirmative self-esteern and a desirable personal relationship of children through developing friend-praise program and adapting it to children. Based on the above purpose, the following subjects for this study 'are suggested. Firstly, is the friend-praise program effective in forming an affirmative self-esteem of elementary students? Secondly, is the friend-praise program successful in improving a desirable personal relationship in an elementary school? In addition, two hypotheses of study are decided on the basis of theoretical background and the former study. Hypothesis 1. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem. Hypothesis 2. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship. In order to improve the above hypotheses, the experiment was carried out with two classes on the fourth grade in M elementary school in Wonju with being divided into one experimental group and the other comparative group. The friend-praise program which was adapted to the experimental group was composed with four steps as 'introduction', 'preparation', 'operation' and 'closing'. This program which has twelve categories was executed once or twice in a week and each class was continued for forty or sixty minutes. Contrastively, comparative group had no application of the main program. For the purpose of proving the hypotheses after adapting the program to students, I have executed both self-esteem test and personal relationship test. The tests were performed with using SPSS/Windows V10.0 and the statistic was conducted through independant sample t-test for the difference between groups and contrastive sample t-test for the individual difference in each group. The results of this study can be summarized like the followings: Firstly, from the result of previous and after tests, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of self-esteem(t=-4.496, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=-3.216, p=.003), social self-esteem(t=-2.680, p=.012), homely self-esteem(t=-3.732, p=.001), and school self-esteem(t=-3.902, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. At the same time, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in self-esteem(t=-4.758, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=2.581, p=.017), social self-esteem(t=3.160, p=.003), homely self-esteem(t=4.283, p=.000), and school self-esteem(t=4.110, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. As a result of this experiment, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem was proved. Secondly, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of personal relationship(t=-4.131, p=.000). Specifically, satisfaction(t=-2.113, p=.045), communication(t=-3.381, p=.002), confidence(t=-3.517, p=.001), intimacy(t=-3.958, p=.000), sensibility(t=-2.955, p=.006), openness(t=-4.318, p=.000) and interest(t=-2.941, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. In the same instant, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in all categories of personal relationship(t=3.897, p=.000). Especially, satisfaction(t=2.257, p=.003), communication(t=3.527, p=.001), confidence(t=3.704, p=.001), intimacy(t=3.904, p=.000), sensibility (t=4.382, p=.000), openness(t=2.648, p=.013) and interest(t=2.944, p=.006) showed a meaningful difference. Accordingly, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship was proved. Judging from all these results, we should provide primary students with various opportunities to take part in active programs which help them to set up their righteous sense of value, to solve their own problems and to develop their potentials. Consequently, many kinds of practice-centered program like the friend-praise program should be developed more systematically and teachers should apply all those programs to students according to their individual level and developmental stage.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2003

A study on the electrolytic dissolution of SUS-304 and Inconel-600 specimen was carried out in neutral salt electrolyte to evaluate the applicability of electrochemical decontamination process for recycle or self disposal with authorization of large amount of metallic wastes contaminated with uranium compounds generated by dismantling a retired uranium conversion plant in Korea. Although the best electrolytic dissolution performance for the specimens was observed in a Na2s04 electrolyte, a NaNO$_3$ neutral salt electrolyte, in which about 30% for SUS-304 and the same for Inconel-600 in the weight loss was shown in comparison with that in a Na$_2$SO$_4$ solution, was selected as an electrolyte for the electrochemical decontamination of metallic wastes with the consideration on the surface of system components contacted with nitric acid and the compatibility with lagoon wastes generated during the facility operation. The effects of current density, electrolytic dissolution time, and concentration of NaNO$_3$ on the electrolytic dissolution of the specimens were investigated. On the basis of the results obtained through the basic inactive experiments, electrochemical decontamination tests using the specimens contaminated with uranium compounds such as UO$_2$, AUC (ammonium uranyl carbonate) and ADU (ammonium diuranate) taken from an uranium conversion facility were performed in 1M NaNO$_3$ solution with the current density or In mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$. it was verified that the electrochemical decontamination of the metallic wastes contaminated uranium compounds was quite successful in a NaNO$_3$ neutral salt electrolyte by reducing $\alpha$ and $\beta$ radioactivities below the level of self disposal within 10 minutes regardless of the type of contaminants and the degree of contamination.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

To present a guideline on the construction and management of artificial wetlands for high biomass production, three emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, PA; Typha angustifolia, TA; and Zizania latifolia, ZL) were planted under two substrates conditions (general soil with and without moss peat) and two water levels (5 cm and 20 cm) and monitored for three years. ZL showed greater growth performance rather than the others not only at early growth phase in the first year [shoot height, 200 cm; above-ground dry weight (AGDW), 500 $g/m^2$] but also in the last year (ZL, 1,100 $g/m^2$; TA, 770 $g/m^2$; and PA, 450 $g/m^2$ of AGDW). ZL with rapid growth at the early growth phase was not affected by naturally introduced weeds, whereas slower and poorer growth of PA and TA at the early growth phase resulted in relatively higher introduction and establishment of natural weeds. In turn, such introduced weeds negatively contributed to the growth of PA and TA particularly under shallow water (5 cm) with the substrate condition including moss peat. We suggest a plant material with rapid and great growth at the early phase such as ZL for reducing possible negative influences by the natural weeds and wild animals for high biomass production in constructed wetlands. A pre-growing process in greenhouse prior to planting might be an useful option to raise the competitiveness of those species when planting PA and/or TA. In addition, we recommend that integrated weed management system with utilizing various options at the most appropriate timing must be applied for maintaining sustainable high biomass production at the artificial wetlands.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

The design of proper agitation system is requisite in biological waste treatment and energy generation plant, which is affected by viscosity, impeller types, and power consumption. In the present work, hydrogen fermentation of food waste was conducted at various operational pHs (4.5~6.5) and substrate concentrations (10~50 g Carbo. COD/L), and the viscosity of fermented broth was analyzed. The $H_2$ yield significantly varied from 0.51 to $1.77mol\;H_2/mol\;hexose_{added}$ depending on the pH value, where the highest performance was achieved at pH 5.5. The viscosity gradually dropped with shear rate increase, indicating a shear thinning property. With the disintegration of carbohydrate, the viscosity dropped after fermentation, but it did not change depending on the operational pH. At the same pH level, the $H_2$ yield was not affected much, ranging $1.40{\sim}1.86mol\;H_2/mol\;hexose_{added}$ at 10~50 g Carbo. COD/L. The zero viscosity and infinite viscosity of fermented broth increased with substrate concentrations, from 10.4 to $346.2mPa{\cdot}s$, and from 1.7 to $5.3mPa{\cdot}s$, respectively. There was little difference in the viscosity value of fermented broth at 10 and 20 g Carbo. COD/L. As a result of designing the agitation intensity based on the experimental results, it is expected that the agitation intensity can be reduced during hydrogen fermentation. The initial and final agitation intensity of 30 g Carbo. COD/L in hydrogen fermentation were 26.0 and 10.0 rpm, respectively. As fermentation went on, the viscosity gradually decreased, indicating that the power consumption for agitation of food waste can be reduced.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2012

The reduction of radiation dose from x-ray is a main concern in computed tomography (CT) imaging due to the side-effect of the dose on human body. Recently, the various methods for dose reduction have been studied in CT and one of the method is a iterative reconstruction based on total variation (TV) minimization at few-views data. In this paper, we evaluated the image quality between total variation (TV) minimization algorithm and Feldkam-Davis-kress (FDK) algorithm in micro computed tomography (CT). To evaluate the effect of TV minimization algorithm, we produced a cylindrical phantom including contrast media, water, air inserts. We can acquire maximum 400 projection views per rotation of the x-ray tube and detector. 20, 50, 90, 180 projection data were chosen for evaluating the level of image restoration by TV minimization. The phantom and mouse image reconstructed with FDK algorithm at 400 projection data used as a reference image for comparing with TV minimization and FDK algorithm at few-views. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), Universal quality index (UQI) were used as a image evaluation metric. When projection data are not insufficient, our results show that the image quality of reconstructed with TV minimization is similar to reconstructed image with FDK at 400 view. In the cylindrical phantom study, the CNR of TV image was 5.86, FDK image was 5.65 and FDK-reference was 5.98 at 90-views. The CNR of TV image 0.21 higher than FDK image CNR at 90-views. UQI of TV image was 0.99 and FDK image was 0.81 at 90-views. where, the number of projection is 90, the UQI of TV image 0.18 higher than FDK image at 90-views. In the mouse study UQI of TV image was 0.91, FDK was 0.83 at 90-views. the UQI of TV image 0.08 higher than FDK image at 90-views. In cylindrical phantom image and mouse image study, TV minimization algorithm shows the best performance in artifact reduction and preserving edges at few view data. Therefore, TV minimization can potentially be expected to reduce patient dose in clinics.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제35권6_2호
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• pp.1117-1132
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• 2019

Forest covers 30% of the Earth's land area and plays an important role in global carbon flux through its ability to store much greater amounts of carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems. The Gross Primary Production (GPP) represents the productivity of forest ecosystems according to climate change and its effect on the phenology, health, and carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the daily GPP for a forest ecosystem using remote-sensed data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM). MODIS products were employed to train the SVM model from 75% to 80% data of the total study period and validated using eddy covariance measurement (EC) data at the six flux tower sites. We also compare the GPP derived from EC and MODIS (MYD17). The MODIS products made use of two data sets: one for Processed MODIS that included calculated by combined products (e.g., Vapor Pressure Deficit), another one for Unprocessed MODIS that used MODIS products without any combined calculation. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation coefficient (R), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the outcomes of the model. In general, the SVM model trained by the Unprocessed MODIS (R = 0.77 - 0.94, p < 0.001) derived from the multi-sites outperformed those trained at a single-site (R = 0.75 - 0.95, p < 0.001). These results show better performance trained by the data including various events and suggest the possibility of using remote-sensed data without complex processes to estimate GPP such as non-stationary ecological processes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.440-456
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• 2019

The controversy of the risk perception related to particulate matters becomes significant. Therefore, in order to understand the nature of the particulate matters, we gathered articles and comments in on-line community related to bicycling which is affected by exposure of the particulate matters. As a result, firstly, the government - led particulate matter policy was strengthened and segmented every period, butthe risk perception related to particulate matters in the bicycle community has become active and serious. Second, as a result of analyzing the perception change of outdoor activities related to particulate matters, bicycle users in community showed a tendency of outdoor activity depending on the degree of particulate matters ratherthan the weather. In addition, the level of the risk perception related to particulate matters has been moved from fears of serious threat in daily life and health, combined with the disregard of domestic particulate matter levels or mask performance. Ultimately, these risk perception related to particulate matters have led some of the bicycling that were mainly enjoyed outdoors to the indoor space. However, in comparison with outdoor bicycling enjoyed by various factors such as scenery, people, and weather, the monotonous indoor bicycling was converted into another type of indoor exercise such as fitness and yoga. In summary, it was derived from mistrust of excessive information or policy provided by the government or local governments. It is considered that environmental policy should be implemented after discussion of risk communication that can reduce the gap between public anxiety and concern so as to cope with the risk perception related to particulate matters. Therefore,this study should be provided as an academic basis for the effective communication direction when decision makers establish the policy related to particulate matters.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the cognitive achievement characteristics by group of achievement levels in the PISA 2018 science domain compared to the results of the PISA 2015, and to compare and analyze the 'epistemic' knowledge in the revised curriculum 2009 and in the revised curriculum 2007. The average correctness rates in PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 were analyzed by sub category of the evaluation frame in the PISA scientific domain. In the competencies domain, especially, the average correct answer rates of 'evaluating and designing scientific inquiry' were the lowest in medium and lower groups, but the rates rose in all achievement groups compared to PISA 2015, which is encouraging. Although the answer rates were low for both 'living system' knowledge and 'epistemic' knowledge in the knowledge domain, the average answer rates of the upper and middle groups increased in 'epistemic' knowledge compared to PISA 2015. The changes in the curriculum experienced by students participating in PISA were analyzed in relation to the 'evaluating and designing scientific inquiry' competency and 'epistemic' knowledge, which increased in average correct answer rates. In terms of understanding science, the "What is science?" unit that explicitly presents epistemic knowledge, and nature of model in inquiry activities, were explicitly presented in the revised curriculum 2009. In terms of understanding the process of justifying scientific knowledge, the number of inquiry activities increased, scientific explanations based on experimental results strengthened, and the "Science and Human Civilization" unit was introduced to help students to understand STS while simultaneously conducting arguments. These findings confirm the educational performance of groups by achievement level in the PISA 2018 scientific domain and suggest that the direction of education relates to epistemic knowledge in Korea's Science curriculum.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.263-286
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• 2022

This study acquires NBA statistical information for a total of 32 years from 1990 to 2022 using web crawling, observes variables of interest through exploratory data analysis, and generates related derived variables. Unused variables were removed through a purification process on the input data, and correlation analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were performed on the remaining variables. For the variable of interest, the difference in the mean between the groups that advanced to the playoffs and did not advance to the playoffs was tested, and then to compensate for this, the average difference between the three groups (higher/middle/lower) based on ranking was reconfirmed. Of the input data, only this year's season data was used as a test set, and 5-fold cross-validation was performed by dividing the training set and the validation set for model training. The overfitting problem was solved by comparing the cross-validation result and the final analysis result using the test set to confirm that there was no difference in the performance matrix. Because the quality level of the raw data is high and the statistical assumptions are satisfied, most of the models showed good results despite the small data set. This study not only predicts NBA game results or classifies whether or not to advance to the playoffs using machine learning, but also examines whether the variables of interest are included in the major variables with high importance by understanding the importance of input attribute. Through the visualization of SHAP value, it was possible to overcome the limitation that could not be interpreted only with the result of feature importance, and to compensate for the lack of consistency in the importance calculation in the process of entering/removing variables. It was found that a number of variables related to three points and errors classified as subjects of interest in this study were included in the major variables affecting advancing to the playoffs in the NBA. Although this study is similar in that it includes topics such as match results, playoffs, and championship predictions, which have been dealt with in the existing sports data analysis field, and comparatively analyzed several machine learning models for analysis, there is a difference in that the interest features are set in advance and statistically verified, so that it is compared with the machine learning analysis result. Also, it was differentiated from existing studies by presenting explanatory visualization results using SHAP, one of the XAI models.