• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 2014

Fermented anchovy of the favorite sea food in Korea made from anchovy (Engraulis japonica) and salt. The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different retorting conditions on the quality of canned salt-fermented anchovy fillet. The salt fermented anchovy fillet was prepared by fermenting anchovy(Engraulis japonica) with salt(15%) at $5^{\circ}C$ for 15 days and then cold air drying the fermented fillet for 1 hour. The dried fermented anchovy fillet(85g) was filled with olive oil(60g) into can(301-1) and seamed using a vacuum seamer, and then sterilized at Fo 9 and 11 mins in a steam system retort at 12 $1^{\circ}C$, respectively. After sterilization with different heating conditions, the pH, VBN, amino-N, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the canned salt-fermented anchovy fillet were measured. In both sterilized cans, the viable bacterial counts were not detected. There was no remarkable difference in physicochemical and sensory quality between sterilization conditions. The results showed that sterilization of Fo 9 min was more desirable than that of Fo 11 min to prepare canned salt-fermented anchovy fillet.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1348-1359
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• 2013

Kwamaegi is made from the flesh of Pacific saury, Cololabis Saira, which is traditional Korean seafood. It is well-recognized as a valuable health food containing EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) to be known ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid. This study was conducted to obtain basic data which can be applied to process of canned Kwamaegi using tomato paste sauce. Commercial Kwamaegi was cut into $2{\times}3cm$ lengths, filled 90 g into can (301-3), added with 60 g water and then precooked for 10 min. at $100^{\circ}C$. After precooking, water was drained. The precooked Kwamaegi was packed into the can, and added with 60 g of tomato paste sauce(tomato paste 42%, gum guar 1.0%, salt 2.0%, starch syrup 2.0%, cooking wine 1%, water 52%). The cans were seamed using a vacuum seamer, and then sterilized for various Fo values (Fo 8~12 min.) in a steam system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, mineral, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the canned Kwamaegi using tomato paste sauce produced at various sterilization condition(Fo 8~12 min.) were measured. There was no remarkable difference between sterilization conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product sterilized at Fo 8 min. was the most desirable because this condition is the most economical and tasty.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.4 s.26
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• pp.151-162
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• 2005

Variable Message Sign (VMS), which provides drivers with direct information about state of traffic congestion and for prevent an accident, is the most effective method among the methods of providing information in Advanced Transportation Management System. Currently establishment and the VMS which is operated foundation lets in Guidelines on the use of Variable message sign (a book of the VMS) of 1999 November the Ministry Construction & Transportation, these contents mean main viewpoint on physical part such as message special quality variable (font, character size and line space, word interval) and position mainly among standard about establishment in general. But, it is true that using without effect verification on the character of VMS display and that using mode of stationary-centered. In this paper, it executed significance test to effort verification on the character of VMS display for more practical and effective information transmission based on the driver viewpoint For the researches; develop 3D-Simulation, select characteristics of driver's visual cognition behavior (the conspicuity, the legibility and the comprehensibility), evaluation each issue (day or night, 80km/h or 100km/h). Especially, that used the Eye Marker Recorder to measure of reading-time (legibility) thus, confirmed objectivity and reduce an observational error. The results showed that the conspicuity is Flashing> Stationary>Scroll. The legibility is not deference that Flashing between stationary form. Also the comprehensibility result showed that Flashing> Stationary>Stroll form.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.7-35
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• 2015

The objective of this article is to inform and document the contemporary development of the private security industry in Queensland Australia, a premier holiday destination that provide entertainment for the larger region. The purpose of this review is to examine the comtemporary development of mandated licensing regimes regulating the industry, and the necessary reform agenda. The overall aim is threefold: first, to chart the main outcomes of the two-wave of reforms since the mid-'90s; second, to examine the effectiveness of changes in modes of regulation; and third, to identify the criteria that can be considered a best practice based on Button(2012) and Prenzler and Sarre's(2014) criteria. The survey of the Queensland regulatory regime has demonstrated that, despite the federal-guided reforms, there remain key areas where further initiatives remain pending, markedly case-by-case utilisation of more proactive strategies such as on-site alcohol/drug testing, psychological evaluations, and checks on close associates; lack of binding training arrangement for technical services providers; and targeted auditing of licensed premises and the vicinity of venues by the Office of Fair Trading, a licensing authority. The study has highlighted the need for more determined responses and active engagements in these priority areas. This study of the development of the licensing regimes in Queensland Australia provides useful insights for other jurisdictions including South Korea on how to better manage licensing system, including the measures required to assure an adequate level of professional competence in the industry. It should be noted that implementing a consistency in delivery mode and assessment in training was the strategic imperative for the Australian authority to intervene in the industry as part of stimulating police-private partnerships. Of particular note, competency elements have conventionally been given a low priority in South Korea, as exemplified through the lack of government-sponsored certificate; this is an area South Korean policymakers must assume an active role in implementing accredited scheme, via consulting transnational templates, including Australian qualifications framework.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2009

Background: Prosthetic valve endocarditis usually presents with clinical symptoms that are more severe than native valve endocarditis, and prosthetic valve endocarditis shows the spread of infection into the surrounding tissue as well as into the superficial endocardial layers. The postoperative prognosis is especially poor for valve re-replacement for the cases of active endocarditis that are unable to receive a full-course of pre-antibiotic therapy due to complications and the ensuing clinical aggravation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical profiles, laboratory findings and mid-term surgical results of active prosthetic valve endocarditis. Material and Method: Among the 276 surgically treated infective endocarditis patients who were treated during the period from January 1998 to July 2008, 31 patients were treated for prosthetic valve endocarditis. Among these patients, 24 received surgical treatment for an 'active' state, and they were selected for evaluation. Result: The most frequently encountered symptom was a febrile sensation. Eight cases (33.3%) were accompanied by systemic thromboembolism, among which 5 cases (20.8%) had an affected central nervous system. 'Vegetations' were most commonly found on transesophageal echocardiography, and the 'Staphylococcus species' were the most frequent pathogens. There were 4 deaths in the immediate postoperative period, and an additional 4 patients died during the follow-up period (Mean$\pm$SD, 42.1$\pm$36.9 months). The cumulative survival rate was 79% at 1 year, 73% at 3 years, 66% at 5 year, and 49.5% at 7 years. Conclusion: The cases of active prosthetic valve endocarditis that were unable to receive a full course of preoperative antibiotics therapy generally have a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, early surgery and extensive resection of all the infected tissue is pivotal in improving the survival rate of patients with surgically treated active prosthetic valve endocarditis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to contribute to improvement of educational environment by analysing all problems related to environment around the school. To accomplish this purpose, this study was carried out by examining the problems in controlling the areas required for cleanup with 220 teachers in charging the cleanup duties of the primary and secondary schools in Taegu between June 1 and July 15, 1993 and by actually surveying the prejudical business stores around 72 primary schools between August 10 and September 20, 1993. Although most teachers answered to the questionnaires that it is necessary to cleanup the bad environment around the school, the duties of its cleanup tend not to be considered as an important matter. The teachers considered that the most prejudical business store around the school is totally the game room, and in such order as comic books' store, liquor selling shop and causing noise and pollution. 57.3% of total respondents answered that the present cleanup movements have resulted in failure mostly because of both supervising authorities' careless promotion and store owners' excessive commercial transactions. The result of actual survey in environmental and sanitary cleanup area around 72 primary schools showed that the greatest number of 1,258 prejudical stores was the video tapes shop, and then in such order as lodgings, and game rooms, while the number of prejudical store by the schools was 17.5 stores per school on the average which showed a various distribution from zero to 77 places. In general, these prejudical stores were mainly located around the schools in Jung-gu and Seo-gu areas. In addition, it was shown that the more the number of students, the more the number of the prejudical stores. In order to improve the environment around the school, it is necessary to strictly carry out the zoning system relating to the usage of land, to strongly restrict the stores without permit and abnormal stores and to establish the basis asking the city development authorities to go through the environmental evaluation. Moreover, it is absolutely required to make efforts to establish the national right sense of education, and to closely cooperate with the related authorities.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

Purpose : To explore a 3D conformal radiotherapy technique for a posterior fossa boost, and the potential advantages of a prone position for such radiotherapy. Materials and Methods :A CT simulator and 3D conformal radiotherapy Planning system was used for the posterior fossa boost treatment on a 13-year-old medulloblastoma patient. He was placed In the prone position and Immobilized with an aquaplast mask and immobilization mold. CT scans were obtained of the brain from the top of the skull to the lower neck, with IV contrast enhancement. The target volume and normal structures were delineated on each slice, with treatment planning peformed using non-coplanar conformal beams. Results : The CT scans, and treatment In the prone position, were peformed successfully. In the prone position, the definition of the target volume was made easier due to the well enhanced tentorium, In audition, the posterior fossa was located anteriorly, and with the greater choice of beam arrangements, more accurate treatment planning was possible as the primary beams were not obstructed by the treatment table. Conclusion : .A posterior fossa boost, in the prone position, Is feasible in cooperating patients, but further evaluation is needed to define the optimal and most comfortable treatment positions.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

Purpose: We designed a water-based bolus device for radiation therapy in Kaposi's sarcoma. This study evaluated the usefulness of this new device and compared it with the currently used rice-based bolus. Materials and Methods: We fashioned a polystyrene box and cut a hole in order to insert patient's extremities while the patient was in the supine position. We used a vacuum-vinyl based polymer to reduce water leakage. Next, we eliminated air using a vacuum pump and a vacuum valve to reduce the air gap between the water and extremities in the vacuum-vinyl box. We performed CT scans to evaluate the density difference of the fabricated water-based bolus device when the device in which the rice-based bolus was placed directly, the rice-based bolus with polymer-vinyl packed rice, and the water were all put in. We analyzed the density change with the air gap volume using a planning system. In addition, we measured the homogeneity and dose in the low-extremities phantom, attached to six TLD, and wrapped film exposed in parallel-opposite fields with the LINAC under the same conditions as the set-up of the CT-simulator. Results: The density value of the rice-based bolus with the rice put in directly was 14% lower than that of the water-based bolus. Moreover, the value of the other experiments in the rice-based bolus with the polymer-vinyl packed rice showed an 18% reduction in density. The analysis of the EDR2 film revealed that the water-based bolus shows a more homogeneous dose plan, which was superior by $4{\sim}4.4%$ to the rice-base bolus. The mean TLD readings of the rice-based bolus, with the rice put directly into the polystyrene box had a 3.4% higher density value. Moreover, the density value in the case of the rice-based bolus with polymer-vinyl packed rice had a 4.3% higher reading compared to the water-based bolus. Conclusion: Our custom-made water-based bolus device increases the accuracy of the set-up by confirming the treatment field. It also improves the accuracy of the therapy owing to the reduction of the air gap using a vacuum pump and a vacuum valve. This set-up represents a promising alternative device for delivering a homogenous dose to the target volume.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the results of the arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL using autologous hamstring tendon and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone. Materials and Methods: From January, 2000 to December, 2004, 120 patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon(60 cases) and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPTB)(60 cases). The mean followed up period of hamstring tendon group was 42 months(range $24{\sim}69$ months) and patellar tendon group was 52 months(range $24{\sim}84$ months). At the time of the final follow up, sixty patients in each group were evaluated the results of physical examination, activity level, patients' satisfaction, functional status, and objective anteriror stability using KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: At the time of the final follow up we compared the two groups who had ACL reconstruction using either autologous hamstring tendon or BPTB, and the final results of the Lachman test showed negative, or mildly positive in 85%(51 cases) of the hamstring tendon group and 90%(54 cases) of the BPTB group. Pivot shift test indicated positive in both groups, 8%(5 cases) and 5%(3 cases) respectively and showed no statistically significant difference. The evaluation of the anterior laxity using the KT-2000 arthrometer revealed no significant difference in the hamstring and BPTB groups: differences less than 3 mm compared to the healthy side were 85%(51 cases) and 90%(54 cases)(p>0.05). The Lysholm score improved from a preoperative score of 51 to a postoperative score of 79.1 in the hamstring groups and from 52 to 82.2 in the BPTB groups. According to the IKDC rating system, 87%(52 cases) were normal or near normal in the hamstring group. In the BPTB group, 83%(50 cases) were normal or near normal. The Tegner score for the hamstring groups was 4.8 preoperatively and 7.1 at the final follow up, and the Tegner score for the BPTB groups was 4.5 preoperatively and 7.3 after the last follow-up. The anterior knee pain was found in 7%(4 cases) in the hamstring tendon group and 10%(6 cases) in the patellar tendon group. Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using both the autologous hamstring tendon and the patellar tendon during their mid term follow up period demonstrated excellent results. However, the final results during their last follow up showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2020

The increase of the impermeable area due to industrialization and urban development distorts the hydrological circulation system and cause serious stream drying phenomena. In order to manage this, it is necessary to develop a technology for impact assessment of stream drying phenomena, which enables quantitative evaluation and prediction. In this study, the cause of streamflow reduction was assessed for dam and weir watersheds in the five major river basins of South Korea by using distributed hydrological model DrySAT-WFT (Drying Stream Assessment Tool and Water Flow Tracking) and GIS time series data. For the modeling, the 5 influencing factors of stream drying phenomena (soil erosion, forest growth, road-river disconnection, groundwater use, urban development) were selected and prepared as GIS-based time series spatial data from 1976 to 2015. The DrySAT-WFT was calibrated and validated from 2005 to 2015 at 8 multipurpose dam watershed (Chungju, Soyang, Andong, Imha, Hapcheon, Seomjin river, Juam, and Yongdam) and 4 gauging stations (Osucheon, Mihocheon, Maruek, and Chogang) respectively. The calibration results showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.76 in average (0.66 to 0.84) and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.62 in average (0.52 to 0.72). Based on the 2010s (2006~2015) weather condition for the whole period, the streamflow impact was estimated by applying GIS data for each decade (1980s: 1976~1985, 1990s: 1986~1995, 2000s: 1996~2005, 2010s: 2006~2015). The results showed that the 2010s averaged-wet streamflow (Q95) showed decrease of 4.1~6.3%, the 2010s averaged-normal streamflow (Q185) showed decreased of 6.7~9.1% and the 2010s averaged-drought streamflow (Q355) showed decrease of 8.4~10.4% compared to 1980s streamflows respectively on the whole. During 1975~2015, the increase of groundwater use covered 40.5% contribution and the next was forest growth with 29.0% contribution among the 5 influencing factors.