• 식물병연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2012

The problems caused by synthetic pesticides have led the need for effective biodegradable pesticides with greater selectivity. Botanical pesticides are generally recognized as safe in agriculture systems. Thus, they have been regarded as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides for the pest management. Both lower efficacy and higher costs of production make botanicals more expensive to use than conventional pesticides. Moreover, only a small portion of plant-derived metabolites among a number of bioactive metabolites are in use because commercialization of botanicals is inhibited by several problems such as toxicity, or high production cost. However, with the growing acceptance of botanical pesticides as an efficient crop protection alternative resulting in increasing demand, plant-based pesticides will play a significant role in achieving sustainable agriculture in future.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1103-1115
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• 2022

The adsorption characteristics of four pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole) on natural clinoptilolite (CLI_N) and three synthetic zeolites were investigated. The synthetic zeolites included faujasite (FAU_F) synthesized from coal fly ash; the mixture of FAU and Na-P1 (FAU + Na-P1)_SF synthesized using Jeju scoria and coal fly ash at the ratio of 1.5 by weight; and waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC_W). The distribution coefficient, K_D and the Freundlich constant, K_F decreased in the following sequence: FCC_W > FAU_F > (FAU + Na-P1)_SF > CLI_N among the zeolites and diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon> phosphamidon among the pesticides. The pesticide adsorptivity increased with increasing temperature for FAU_F, (FAU+Na-P1)_SF and FCC_W, however, it decreased for CLI_N, regardless of the type of pesticide. The adsorptivity of pesticides was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, whereas it decreased with increasing pH for diniconazole, regardless of zeolite type.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2001

Adsorption characteristics of triadimefon and diniconazole(pesticide) by natural zeolite($CLI_N$) and several synthetic zeolites were Investigated. The synthetic zeolites used En this study were as follows: Faujasite synthesized from coal fly ash($FAU_F$); Zeolite synthesized from the mixture of FAU and Na-Pl synthesized from the ratio of Cheju scoria 6 to coal fly ash 4 by weight($(FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF}$); waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst($FCC_W$). The distribution coefficient, $K_D$ and Freundlich constant, $K_F$ decreased in the fellowing sequence : $FCC_W ＞ FAU_F ＞ (FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF} ＞CLI_N$ among the zeolites. The distribution coefficient and the adsorption capacity of $(FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF}$ for pesticides were 4.4 and 2.6 times higher for triamefon, and 2.0 and 2.4 times higher for diniconazole than those of $CLI_N$, respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2008

Much of the increase in agricultural productivity over the past half century has been due to the control of the pests with synthetic pesticides. The use of these pesticides has caused environmental problems and public health concern. The guidelines of maximum residue levels of pesticides in agricultural products has been well documented but more careful monitoring of their residues is required. Pyrethorid class pesticides are dominant in modern agricultural industry but public health concerns have been recently considered. The major route of pesticide exposure is the diet and with improved surveillance of pyrethorid residues in agricultural products their exposure should be controlled and minimized. In suitable products with reduced matrix effects such as agricultural products, aqueous samples, fruits and vegetables the use of immunoassays for pyrethorid residue monitoring could satisfy this requirement. Immunoassays have several advantages, namely they are highly sensitive, selective and cost-effective and enable large-scale sample handling and analysis in the laboratory.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.7-10
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• 2001

Adsorption of the pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon and diniconazole) in natural zeolite (CL $I_{N}$) and several synthetic zeolites was incestigated. The pesticides were not adsorbed on zeolites (Na-Pl, SOD, ANA, JBW and CAN) synthesized from Jeju scoria. The distribution coefficient ( $K_{D}$) and the Freundlich constant ( $K_{F}$) decreased in the following sequences. FC $C_{W}$ (waste catalytic cracking catalyst)>FA $U_{F}$ (FAU Synthesized from coal fly ash)>(FAU+Na-Pl)$_{SF}$ (the mixture of FAU and Na-Pl synthesized from the ratio of Jeju scoria 6 to coal fly ash 4 by weight)>CL $I_{N}$ among the zeolites; diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon>phosphamidon. As the temperature was increased, the amount of pesticide adsorbed per unit mass of zeolite increased for FC $C_{W}$, FA $U_{F}$ and (FAU+Na-Pl)$_{SF}$ but it decreased for CL $I_{N}$, for all the pesticides used in this study. It was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, but decresed as pH was increased for all the zeolites used in this study.y.udy.y.y.y.y.y.y.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.163-165
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• 1998

The use of synthetic pesticides in crop production, brings the possibility of a nonselective toxicity and accumulation of toxic compounds in the environment. As an alternative, bioactive compounds from actinomycetes can provide a rich source for biodegradable pesticides. A variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, herbicidal, insecticidal and anticoccidial are associated with these microbial metabolites. Studies on the production of bioactive compounds from marine-derived actinomycetes have been very few, compared to the terrestrial actinomycetes. With their unique metabolic and physiological capabilities, the marine actinomycetes can be useful producers of novel metabolites.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2009

현재까지의 농약 검출용 바이오센서는 화학 센서, immunoassay, 화학 테스트 킷과 같은 다른 잘 알려진 분석 방법들과 경쟁적으로 연구되어 지고 있다. 바이오센서가 농약을 증명하는 간단하고 저렴한 방법으로 chromatography 방법들을 대체할 잠재력을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 정확한 정량적 분석 방법이 아직도 미비하다. 안정하고 강력한 바이오센서의 발전을 위해서 유전자 조작을 이용한 효소 개량을 통해 좀 더 민감하고 반응속도가 빠른 생촉매와 특이성이 높은 항체의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 바이오센서의 안정성 개선과 transducer 표면으로부터의 빠른 신호 전달을 위해 새로운 고정화 방법이 탐구되어져야 한다. 비록 약간의 방법들이 시료의 전처리를 필요로 하지 않을 지라도 센서의 안정성은 또 다른 개념으로 접근해야 한다. 그래서 현장 적용을 위해, 보다 간편한 시료의 전처리과정 혹은 직접적인 분석 방식이 동일시되어 개선되어야 한다. 향상된 fabrication 기술을 이용한 소형화 센서 혹은 일회용 킷의 개발은 개인용 및 산업용, 의약용 등의 여러 분야에서 실시간으로 분석이 가능하게 할 것이다. 실제 샘플의 빠르고 자동화 및 소형화된 분석 시스템의 구축을 위해 장차 매우 선택적인 다중 검출 바이오센서의 설계에 더 많은 중점을 둘 필요가 있다. 앞으로 잔류농약 검출을 위한 휴대형 바이오센서의 개발과 상용화를 위해서, 무엇보다 현재의 GC, LC (혹은 GC/MS, LC/MS) 분석을 위해 이루어지고 있는 샘플 전처리 방법의 경우, 다량의 샘플로부터 유기용매 등을 이용한 추출방법으로 진행되고 있기 때문에 샘플 전처리를 간소화하고 간단한 측정방법으로 전체의 측정결과를 대변할 수 있는 방안을 구축하고 잔류농약의 법적 허용기준과 적용이 가능한 방법을 찾아내는 노력이 절실히 요구되는 상황이다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.315-318
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• 1990

분쇄되지 않은 미량의 원제를 수화제로 제제하는데는 미분상 다공성 증량제의 물리성을 이용한 흡착법이 유호하다. 밀리그램 단위의 농약 원제를 휘발성 유기용매에 용해시킨 후 계면활성제 혼합물이 흡착되어 있는 미분상의 합성실리카에 흡수시키고 건조하여 11종의 10% 수화제를 제제하였다. 원료 상태의 합성실리카와 시료수화제의 입도분포를 측정하여 평균 입경의 변화를 관찰하였다. 이들 수화제중 pencycuron과 vinclozolin을 제외한 9종의 시료는 2시간후에도 80%이상의 현수율을 나타냈다. 제제중 유효성분량을 $30{\sim}50%$로 증가시켜도 4종의 시료중 3종에서 현수율의 변화가 거의 없었다. 또한 이들 수화제 시료는 현수성과 거의 무관하게 생리활성이 기존제품과 대등하게 나타나서 수화제로서 그 기능이 우수한 것으로 인정되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.246-261
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• 1996

현재 사용되고 있는 유기합성 농약의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 유기인계 농약의 대부분은 분자에 황 원자를 포함하고 있으며 환경이나 생체 내에서 대사되어 활성화 되거나 무독화 된다. 이에 관련된 다양한 반응 중 산화반응이 주요 대사반응으로 여겨지는데 이산화대사에 의해 생성된 대사물의 특성도 중요하거니와 반응 중 생성되는 반응성 중간체에 대한 연구는 대사반응의 경로 및 기작 구명에 필수적이고 농약의 독성학적 특성을 이해하는 데에 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 본 총설은 유기인계 농약을 중심으로 관련 유기인 화합물을 대상으로 산화대사 반응 중 생성되는 반응성 중간체에 대한 연구들을 그 구조구명과 반응 기작면에서 다루었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Six organophosphorus, one organochlorine, and three synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were analyzed for their residues during washing and hot-air drying of red peppers conducted in the production of powder. The residue ratio in organophosphorus pesticides was 33% in chlorpyrifos, 31 % in diazinon, 50% in methidathion, 80% in EPN, 28% in fenitrothion, and 60% in profenofos. The ratio in pyrethroids was 109% in cypermethrin, 102% in deltamethrin, and 106% in fenvalerate. That in organochlorine was 56% in ${\alpha}$-endosulfan and 90% in ${\beta}$-endosulfan. The results were greatly different between organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. UV irradiation along with hot-air drying brought about a remarkable reduction of the residues, up to 70% as compared with hot-air drying only. The removal effect was most remarkable in pyrethroids, which are hardly removed by hot-air drying. The color of the pepper was not changed during UV irradiation. The use of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide during washing did not show a remarkable removal of residues. The residue ratio was not affected whether the pesticide is contaminated artificially or naturally.