• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2018

Both in terms of frequency and importance, sympathy is one of the most central themes that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) delves into. While not a few critics have written on the subject, one crucially important aspect has been overlooked in the previous discussions of sympathy in Frankenstein: Shelley's critical intervention in the term's long lasting association with the notion of one body from a single origin. Focusing on the novel's central theme of sympathy, my paper addresses this oversight in the existing Frankenstein scholarship. I argue that Shelley's main agenda regarding sympathy in the novel is to problematize the logic of self-reproduction implicit in the notion of sympathy as an essentially familial tie. The reading of the novel as a warning against human violation of nature has been prevalent both in academia and popular culture. Nonetheless, in terms of sympathy, this paper offers an alternative reading in which the novel questions, not valorizes, the naturalization of nature. Far from valorizing the inviolable sacredness of nature, I argue, Frankenstein is a literary project attempting to disassociate sympathy from the natural bond that one is born into, and instead, re-associate it with fellowship as a second-nature to be continuously reinvented and reeducated.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2018

This article examines Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey in the context of eighteenth-century British travel literature. While literary critics generally read Sterne's work as a sentimental novel, contemporary readers initially interpreted the text as a travel narrative. It is my argument that travel writing, particularly the motion entailed in travelling, plays a significant role in Sterne's critical examination of sympathy and its cultural function during this period. By narrating in great detail his narrator Yorick's mobility and the effects it has on his sentimental encounters, Sterne illustrates how sympathy is not only difficult to activate and therefore requires added stimulation in the form of motion, but also does not necessarily result in charitable actions, a moral failure that is dramatized by the literal distance Yorick maintains from the objects of his sympathy. Calling to mind the figurative distance that constitutes an integral part of Adam Smith's formulation of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the distance Yorick establishes through his travels indicates sympathy's failure to bridge the emotional and socioeconomic distance between individuals, thereby highlighting sympathy's limitations as a moral instrument. I argue that by using Yorick's repeated acts of sympathy to explore the problems of sentimentalism, Sterne both draws from and innovates the tradition of employing imaginary voyages to engage in philosophical inquiries.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate patient satisfaction of Korean medicine therapy using treatment tool by psychological type. Methods : 48 subjects were participated in this study. Before a treatment, we analyzed a patient's phychological type first by using a questionnaire. And then we divided 3 groups which were called a rational sympathy module group, emotional sympathy module group, control group. Manner of medical consultation according to patient's phychological type was carried out in all groups. After all treatment, we conducted a survey about medical service perception index, patient happiness index, medical satisfaction index. To evaluate a satisfaction degree, we analyzed results of survey statistically. Results : The results of the analysis, both rational sympathy module group and emotional sympathy module group got a higher score than control group statistical significantly on medical service perception index. Emotional sympathy module group got a higher score than control group statistical significantly on patient happiness index and medical satisfaction index. But rational sympathy module group only had a higher tendency than control group on patient happiness index and medical satisfaction index. Emotional sympathy module group got a higher score than rational sympathy module group on medical service perception index, patient happiness index and medical satisfaction index. Conclusions : Korean medicine therapy using treatment tool by psychological type consisted of patient's phychological type questionnaire and manner of medical consultation could improve a patient's satisfaction. It was more effective in emotional sympathy module group than rational sympathy module group.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.189-215
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• 2012

This paper reads Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) in light of the 18th-century understanding of 'sympathy' including those of Hume and Smith and also in light of what Michael Hardt in our century has called "affective labor." I argue that the imaginative capacity and "seeing" are crucial in understanding Smith's idea of 'sympathy.' By showing how the monster's ugliness precludes any human character from sympathizing with him, Mary Shelley exposes that Smith's idea of sympathy fails to maintain social harmony. Mary Shelley revises Smith's 'sympathy' and makes it more radical by suggesting that the active affective labor could bridge the epistemological distance lying between the agent concerned and the impartial spectator. I first read Smith's idea of sympathy as an imaginative capacity which is inevitably influenced by 'seeing' and visual perception. Then I analyze the scenes in which the creature in Frankenstein fails to acquire any human sympathy due to his ugliness, and show how the specular nature of 'sympathy' is disrupted when one party is visually ugly and deformed. I conclude that affective labor and active moral reflection on the part of the spectator need to be provided when the agent concerned is 'ugly' and thus challenges our habitual epistemological boundary. Shelley's re-evaluation of Smith's sympathy, thus, suggests that affective labor may not be something that women alone have to perform, but an ethical practice that concerns all human beings and that can transform the otherwise flawed human capacity for sympathy.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.225-244
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• 2016

본 연구는 유아의 도덕적 정서가 사회적 유능성에 미치는 영향을 공감과 동정심을 중심으로 파악하여, 유아기 도덕교육 및 정서교육 프로그램의 기초 데이터를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째 개인 및 부모변인에 따른 유아의 도덕적 정서(공감, 동정심)는 유아의 연령과 아버지의 학력에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 유아의 공감과 동정심은 사회적 유능성의 긍정적 상호작용, 유능성, 대인 행동과 정적 상관이 나타났다. 유아의 동정심은 사회적 유능성의 지도성과 정적 상관이 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 공감은 사회적 유능성의 긍정적 상호작용, 유능성, 대인 행동, 활동 참여에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 유아의 동정심은 지도성에 영향을 주었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 만4, 5세 유아의 도덕적 정서(공감, 동정심)를 강화하는 것은 부분적으로 사회적 유능성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사 받을 수 있다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제28집
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• pp.103-131
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• 2017

자기정체성의 확립이 '상생적 관계'에 기초해 있다는 점에서, '상생적 관계형성'은 자기존재의 안정성과 확증성을 가질 수 있는 방법이다. 하지만 우리의 일상적인 삶이 타자와의 포용성을 지향하는 상생적 관계보다는 타자를 대상화하려는 행위로 대부분 채워져 있다는 점에서, 타자와의 상생적 관계형성은 그리 쉬운 일이 아니다. 이런 점에서 타자와의 상생적 관계형성은 타자를 대상화하려는 자기욕망을 조절하거나 통제할 도덕성에 기초해 있어야 한다. 이성 중심의 초월적·선험적 철학은 자기욕망에 대한 자기제어를 이성과 신체라는 이원화된 틀 속에서 이성에 의한 신체의 지배(支配)로서 기술한다. 하지만 이 실천철학이 가지는 한계점은 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령이 우리에게 그것을 실천할 도덕적 행위의 내적 동기를 자명(自明)하게 제공할 수 없다는 점에 있다. 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령의 현실적용은 자기중심적인 삶의 입장이나 자기이해관계의 맥락에서 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령이 재해석될 가능성이 높다. 이런 점에서 '공감적 성향'은 새로운 도덕적 규범으로서 자리매김한다. 감성형태로 주어지는 '공감적 성향'은 사유 이전의 느낌이라는 점에서 직접적이고 즉각적이고 항상적이다. '공감적 성향'은 이성적 판단 이전에 작동하는 본능적 반응이라는 점에서 직관적이다. 이런 점에서 자연 도덕정감으로서의 '공감적 성향'은 학습, 사유에 의하지 않고도 인간이라면 누구나 이를 알고 있고 실천할 정도로 자명하게 주어진다. 그러나 '공감적 성향'에 대한 기존 연구들은 '현상적 접근(現象的 接近)'이라는 점에서 분명한 한계점을 가진다. 기존 현상적 접근들은 '공감적 성향'을 이성이 아닌 신체에 토대한 자연적 감정으로 제시하고는 있지만, '공감적 성향'의 토대를 철학적으로 해명하지 못하고 있다. 자연 도덕정감으로서의 '공감적 성향'은 주관적이고 상대적인 도덕적 규범으로서 해석 내지 규정될 가능성이 높다. 이에 필자는 메를로-퐁티(M. Merleau-Ponty)의 '살' 개념에 입각하여 신체에 토대한 자연적 감정으로서의 '공감적 성향'이 인간의 보편적인 도덕적 규범임을 밝히고자 한다. 신체적 차원에서 나와 타자 간의 교차배어로 형성되는 '살'은 '공감적 성향'에 그 철학적 단초를 제공한다. 다시 말해서 나와 타자 간의 신체적 교차 내지 얽힘으로 형성되는 '살'은 '공감적 성향'을 일으키는 물질적 토대가 된다. 필자의 이러한 접근은 '공감적 성향'에 대한 '현상학적 접근(現象學的 接近)'이라 할 수 있다

• 셀메드
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.8.1-8.4
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest that activities consisting of sympathy and gratitude are the way to healing. In our team's Hope World (希望世上), we changed the lyrics of GunbamTaryeong, which Koreans know the most, to create a healing Taryeong. The iterative refrain changed to "It's nice, it's hope, it's a good world for everyone." "The Wind Blows, Spring Has Come, The Moon Is Bright" will be the beginning of each chapter in GunbamTaryeong. It looks like a bright lyric, but it also shows both sides. All members participated in changing the lyrics, harmonizing the lyrics and rhythm, preparing props, playing musical instruments, and exciting performances. Therefore, it can be said that it is the story of healing where everyone is together. The song of Hope World is a real Taryeong that heals those who plan together, sing together, play musical instruments together. It's a "hope-Taryeong (希望打令)" who dreams of a "everyone good world." It's a Taryeong that lingers in my mouth and comes to mind. In this way, activities consisting of mutual cooperation and love doubled gratitude and sympathy for each other, and we think healing was achieved in the process. In this study, we suggest that sympathy and gratitude are perhaps the first steps towards healing. The Hope World Song (希望世上歌) is available on our channel YouTube (https://youtu.be/hgPiD4g2-iM).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.753-763
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• 2011

본 연구는 생활공감정책 추진 및 운영의 성과와 문제점들을 분석하고 그 활성화 방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 문헌연구, 실증조사 등을 병행 하였다. 분석결과 생활공감정책의 문제점은 담당부서의 혼재로 인한 혼란, 홍보 부족, 주부모니터단의 정체성 부족 및 지속성의 불확실, 주부모니터단에 대한 통일된 운영지침 부재, 주부모니터단 활동 및 운영에 대한 평가 부족 등이다. 생활공감정책을 활성화시키기 위해서는 제도적 측면 및 운영적 측면의 활성화가 필요하다. 먼저 제도적 측면의 활성화 과제는 관련법의 정비, 조직의 강화, 담당 인력강화, 모티터단 참여범위 확대 등이다. 운영적 측면의 개선방안으로는 정책의 통합성 연계성 강화, 정책의 평가 및 환류기능 강화, 생활공감정책의 활성화 환경조성, On-line을 통한 운영시스템 강화 등이 필요하다. 이 부문의 활성화를 통해 주부들의 아이디어를 정책에 활용과 더불어 정부정책에 주부들이 참여 활성화는 21세기 한국의 발전에 많은 공헌을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2018

Purpose : In this research, I tried to examine the effect of handwork activities through group activities on self-esteem and sympathy index. Method : In this research, for men and women enrolled in K university, we explain sufficiently the purpose and method of research and randomly assign to 20 training group and 20 control group for those who agreed with experiment we divided handwork activities twice a week from november 18, 2016 to December 6, six times in total for 30 minutes. Results : Compared with self-esteem among groups, group training exercises showed higher interpersonal relationships than control group, and self-accepted items and self-efficacy items decreased. empathy comparison that group fits according to arbitration period compared with group control training group, group of training exercise high emotional sympathy items and social skills items appear high, cognitive sympathy items are low. Conclusion : From the results of this study, it turned out that the activities of handwork by group improved interpersonal relationships, emotional sympathy and social skills. In light of the results of these studies, it can be considered that better results can be obtained when applied to children and young people who are forming self-esteem and cognitive sympathy. In future research, further studies based on age, sex and further research corresponding to each situation, student's self esteem and a broader material for developing program necessary for cognitive sympathy can be obtained.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

There are a lot of effort to improve medical service quality and medical trust in Korean Medicine. However, in spite of importance of personalized medicine, there are still few research about it. Thus, the purpose of this study is to grope ways to improve medical service quality and medical trust by sympathy module group and personalized trust. People over 19 were participated in investigation. We divided respondents into 4 groups depending on sympathy module group and 2 groups depending on speed of trust. Questionnaire was consisted of questions about sympathy module group, speed of trust, medical service quality, medical trust, satisfaction and happiness. This questionnaires were conducted through personal interviews. Total 220 members responded to the survey and the results of the analysis were as follows. Rational type had the highest proportion. At Medical service quality scale, Prevention focus group had most highest figure on Confidence. Promotion focus group and Rational Group had most highest figure on Sympathy. At Medical trust scale, Medical team had the highest proportion at all group. Prevention focus group put more emphasis on sense of sanitation, At Satisfaction and Happiness scale, Satisfaction and Happiness was most affected by Trust in Sincerity and Ability. This study can be very useful for composing kit of treatment of personalized medicine. But this study has also some limits such as respondent selection, disease selection etc. So, more detailed and comprehensive survey is needed.