• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2012

This research aimed to examine the isoflavonoid contents, antibacterial activities, and physiological activities of Cheonggukjang made from sword bean (CS). The effects of adding sword bean were compared with those of raw materials (RM), steamed materials (SM), and traditional Cheonggukjang (TC). In the case of the antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria, the result of CS in ethanol extract was the highest in Bacillus cereus, and the result of water extract was the highest in Staphylococcus aureus. However, in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella Typhimurium was the highest in all the extraction. Antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents were present in the order of TC

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2013

This study was to investigate serum triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), and cholesterol concentrations after feeding the combined diets of prepared traditional Cheonggukjang (TC) or Cheonggukjang made from sword bean powder (CS), the feed, and high-fat cholesterols at certain ratio for 8 weeks in rats, and then confirmed the effects of the diets based on the changes in the tissues of livers, kidneys, and spleens. The serum TG concentrations were lower in CS group compared to that of in TC group. The increase of PL concentrations was greater in CS group than that of TC group. FChCS6 group (92% feed+2% cholesterol+6% CS) showed the lowest total-cholesterol (T-C), $60.1{\pm}8.5mg/dL$, indicating that CS was effective to lower the T-C. Both TG/PL and T-C/PL ratio tended to be decreased. As CS intake was effective in the reduction of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level as well as the increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, it would be effective in the prevention of adult diseases and circulatory diseases. It was confirmed that there were no changes in organ appearance and tissues in the rats with CS intake. Therefore, CS intake showed superior functionalities than that of TC intake.

• Journal of Web Engineering
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• v.14 no.14
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• pp.2853-2869
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• 2022

Allergy is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated process, and its incidence and prevalence have increased worldwide in recent years. Therapeutic agents for allergic diseases are continuously being developed, but side effects follow when used for a long-term use. Therefore, treatments based on natural products that are safe for the body are urgently required. Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) pod (SBP) has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, but there is still no scientific basis for its anti-allergic effect. Accordingly, this study investigates the anti-allergic effect and its mechanism of SBP in vitro and in vivo. SBP reduced the nitric oxide production and decreased mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediates (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)), and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a major signaling molecule in the inflammatory response. Additionally, SBP extract treatment inhibited phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling activity to further inhibit degranulation and allergy mediator generation and control the balance of Th1/Th2 cells, which can induce an allergic reaction when disrupted. Furthermore, the SBP extract exhibited anti-allergic effects in anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-induced RBL-2H3 cells and ovalbumin-treated mice. These findings have potential clinical implications for the treatment as well as prevention of allergic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1292-1299
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• 2011

This research aimed to determine the quality characteristics of kochujang made of sword bean chunggukjang. The effects of chunggukjang addition were compared in products fermented for 90 days. During the fermentation period of kochujang, sword bean chunggukjang was added at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10%. The moisture content ranged from 40.24 to 42.83% (w/w). After 90 days of fermentation, sodium chloride was at around 10.2 to 10.3%, which was not much different from that of control kochujang (SBC 0) before and after fermentation. The color values were not significantly different between SBC kochujang and traditional kochujang. The microbial counts in 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10% SBC kochujang fermented for 90 days were around $5.42{\times}10^7$ to $9.59{\times}10^7$ CFU/g for aerobic viable cells, $1.14{\times}10^2$ to $9.73{\times}10^2$ CFU/g for yeast, and $8.49{\times}10^2$ to $1.25{\times}10^3$ CFU/g for Bacillus cereus. Sensory evaluation of kochujang showed that the comprehensive preference was 5.40, 5.15, 6.30, 6.10, and 6.95, respectively, for SBC 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10%. In conclusion, the quality difference between SBC and traditional kochujang was not significant, and sensory evaluation of kochujang showed that SBC 10% received the highest score.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2001

Seed coat of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) is very thick and hard, it is difficult to absorb water during germination and it requires much time that cotyledon come out from seed coat since seminal root appearanced. Therefore this experiment was carried out to increase the germination rate by easing water absorption through mechanical scarification on seed coat. Non-scarification seed did not germinated at 7 days after treatment but scarification seed showed germination rate of 98%. Therefore mechanical scarification of seed coat was increased germination rate. Non-scarification seed absorbed less than 10% water of dry weight at 8 hours after treatment but scarification seed absorbed about 90% water at 7 hours after treatment and more than 150% water at 8 hours and swelled about 1.4-1.5 times in length and width of seed. Germination rate of scarification seed was high under high temperature and it was 96% and 93% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The rate of cotyledon emergence on clay loam soil was the highest among bed soils. Soaked seed after mechanical scarification in distilled water was germinated faster than non-soaked seed on early in bed soil. The rate of cotyledon emergence was more than 92% at 9 days after sowing but non-scarification and soaked seed was germinated late and showed very low germination rate as 67%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.777-784
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• 2013

The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) layer of Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) methanol extracts showed higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity than other layers. Four phenolic compounds were isolated from the EtOAc layer by silica gel column chromatography and prep-HPLC using a guided DPPH radical-scavenging assay. The isolated compounds were identified as methyl gallate (1), gallic acid (2), 1,6-di-O-galloyl ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (3), and 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (4) based on MS and NMR analyses. Among the four compounds, no. 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Their DPPH radical-scavenging activities based on $SC_{50}$ decreased in the following order: 4 (6.9 ${\mu}M$)>3 (8.3 ${\mu}M$)>2 (10.0 ${\mu}M$)>1 (10.3 ${\mu}M$).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2020

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, and sword bean (Canavalia gladiata, SB) reportedly possesses various biological activities. Therefore, in this study, to reduce caffeine intake and improve coffee function, SB was selected as a supplementary material for blending coffee. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of coffee with the SB extract at concentrations of 0.1-0.5% (v/v) were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of SB-treated coffee depended on the concentration of the SB extract. In the cell culture experiment, cytotoxicity was not observed at any SB concentration. In addition, the inducible nitric oxide synthesis protein expression as well as the increases in nitric oxide and interleukin-6 expression were effectively inhibited by SB addition to the coffee. These results indicate that SB might be useful as a supplementary ingredient to enhance the caffeinated drink functions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 1999

The chemical components in different parts such as seed, cotyledon, hull, pod, leaf, stem and root of Korean sword bean(Canavalia gladiata) were determined in this study. The contents of total sugar and protein were relatively higher in cotyledon than other parts. The highest mineral component was K, Ca in root and leaf, respectively. In case of organic acids, relatively higher content of oxalic acid(2,556 mg%), citric acid(573 mg%) was found in leaf and pod, respectively. Among free sugars, the contents of sucrose(3.80%), fructose(2.17%) were the highest contents in hull and stem, respectively. The highest component total amino acids in cotyledon and leaf, pod, stem, and root was glutamic acid(592 mg%), glutamic acid(429 mg%), proline(497 mg%), lysine(328 mg%) and arginine(714 mg%), respectively. Among fatty acids in hull and pod, palmitic acid(32.75%, 21.93%) was high in saturated fatty acid fraction, while linoleic acid(39.15%, 43.03%) was high in polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

Since 1993, a total of 50 problematic plant diseases unrecorded in Korea were surveyed in Gyeongnam province. Totally 34 new host plants to corresponding pathogens investigated in this study were 5 fruit trees, 9 vegetables, 12 ornamental plants, 3 industrial crops, and 5 medicinal plants. Among the newly recorded fruit tree diseases, fruit rot of pomegranate caused by Coniella granati and Rhizopus soft rot of peach caused by Rhizopus nigricans damaged severely showing 65.5% and 82.4% infection rate. Among the vegetable diseases, corynespora leaf spot of pepper caused by Corynespora cassiicola and the crown gall of pepper caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, powdery mildew of tomato caused by Oidiopsis taurica were the most severe revealing 47.6%, 84.7%, and 54.5% infection rate in heavily infected fields, respectively. In ornamental plants, collar rot of lily caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, gray mold of primula caused by Botrytis cinerea, soot leaf blight of dendrobium caused by Pseudocercospora dendrobium, sclerotinia rot of obedient plant caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed 32.7 to 64.8% disease incidence. On three industrial plants such as sword bean, broad bean, and cowpea, eight diseases were firstly found in this study. Among the diseases occurring on broad bean, rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae and red spot caused by Botrytis fabae were the major limiting factor for the cultivation of the plant showing over 64% infection rate in fields. In medicinal plants, anthracnose of safflower caused by Collectotrichum acutatum was considered the most severe disease on the plant and followed by collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.(중략)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

Various solvents (chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and hot water) were tested to investigate the antimicrobial activities of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) against 12 food poisoning bacteria. Chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and hot water extracts had no antimicrobial activities, but ethanol extract showed V. parahemolyticus 10 mm, S. sonnei 9 mm, and methanol extract showed strong activities in order of V. parahemolyticus 22 mm, S. sonnei 21 mm, L. monocytogenes 20 mm by disk diffusion. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. The methanol extract had MIC values of 50 mg/mL against S. Typhimurium, V. parahemolyticus, and S. sonnei and values of 100 mg/mL against other 7 food poisoning bacteria and values of 200 mg/mL against Y. enterocolitica and MRSA. The inhibitory effect of methanol sword bean extract on the growth of V. parahemolyticus was investigated. Growth of the strain occurred at the concentration of 0.5% extract and was inhibited continuously at 1.0 and 1.5% for 30hours after inoculation, whereas the strain was completely inhibited at 2.0% after 9hours of inoculation.