• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2002

The spray structures and distribution characteristics of liquid and vapor phases in non-evaporating and evaporating Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) fuel sprays were investigated using Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) technique. Dopants were 2% fluorobenzene and 9% DEMA (diethyl-methyl-amine) in 89% solution of hexane by volume. In order to study internal structure of the spray, droplet size and velocity under non-evaporating condition were measured by Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA). Liquid and vapor phases were visualized at different moments after the start of injection. Experimental results showed that the spray could be divided into two regions by the fluorescence intensity of liquid phase: cone and mixing regions. Moreover, vortex flow of vapor phase was found in the mixing region. About 5㎛ diameter droplets were mostly distributed in the vortex flow region. Higher concentration of vapor phase due to vaporization of these droplets was distributed in this region. Particularly, higher concentration of vapor phase and lower one were balanced within the measurement area at 2ms after the start of injection.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

In this research, in order to study the spray, combustion, and emission characteristics of the common rail DME engine, the target engine was disassembled, and 3D CAD file was constructed using a 3D measurement machine and a rapid prototyping machine. Using the obtained 3D geometry, fine moving meshes are generated, and three dimensional non-steady turbulence flow field and combustion phenomenon including spray were numerically analyzed. As a result, IMEP of DME and diesel in medium and high speed revolution showed similar performance. As the DME fuel start to burn in spray area, the vaporized fuel rapidly spreads squish area in low speed revolution. In the case of DME engine, CO and NOx are relatively consistent with experiment results. It was found that the break-up, evaporation, collision model of DME fuel need to be properly adjusted through matching the characteristics of fuel and injector for further improvement.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

According as the industry was developed, the pollution of the environment and atmosphere rose up to the surface. So, the focus is now concentrated on the engines of affinity for nature. And the investigators make more effort to the improvement in the performance of engines, depending to the prices of oil and the anxiety about the exhaustion of the fossil fuel go up. So the GDI engines head up for these necessities. In this experimental study, the spray flow characteristics for a commercial injector equipped in the present GDI engine were investigated, which had a strong influence on the engine performance and emissions. The experiment was performed at the injection pressures of 1, 3, 5 and 7MPa under the atmospheric condition. A PDPA system was used to specify the flow characteristics of the spray. Also, the global spray behavior classified into three regions as leading, main spray and vortex cloud region, was analyzed by using a visualization system. And the regions were compared with each other.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1995

To improve the performance of diesel automobile engine, we designed new fuel supply system named ultrasonic fuel supply system. The performance test of diesel automobile engine carried out to examine possibility of practical use of ultrasonic fuel supply system to test engine. This paper deals with the comparative results of performance test of diesel automobile engine in terms of smoke, HC, SFC, PS, thermal, efficiency, torque. Following are obtained result. 1) In naturally aspirated diesel engine, when we use ultrasonic fuel supply system output, fuel consumptions are improved and exhaust gas reduced significantly. 2) In turbo-charging diesel engine both using of ultrasonic fuel supply system and using of conventional injector, engine performance and exhaust gas temperature are almost constant. 3) In turbo-charging diesel engine, when we use ultrasonic fuel supply system, NOx are emitted approximately 3.5% higher than total average. 4) In turbo-charging diesel engine, when we use ultrasonic fuel supply system, smoke and CO are 17% and 11.8% improved respectively.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

The direct injection gasoline spray-wall interaction was characterized inside a heated pressurized chamber using various visualization techniques, including high-speed laser-sheet macroscopic and microscopic movies up to 25,000 frames per second, shadowgraph, and double-spark particle image velocimetry. Two hollow cone high-pressure swirl injectors having different cone angles were used to inject gasoline onto a heated plate at two different impingement angles. Based on the visualization results, the overall transient spray impingement structure, fuel film formation, and preliminary droplet size and velocity were analyzed. The results show that upward spray vortex inside the spray is more obvious at elevated temperature condition, particularly for the wide-cone-angle injector, due to the vaporization of small droplets and decreased air density. Film build-up on the surface is clearly observed at both ambient and elevated temperature, especially for narrow cone spray. Vapor phase appears at both ambient and elevated temperature conditions, particularly in the toroidal vortex and impingement plume. More rapid impingement and faster horizontal spread after impingement are observed for elevated temperature conditions. Droplet rebounding and film break-up are clearly observed. Post-impingement droplets are significantly smaller than pre-impingement droplets with a more horizontal velocity component regardless of the wall temperature and impingement angle condition.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제26회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

연료 과농 가스발생기에 대한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 연소 성능에 주요한 영향을 미치는 분사기 헤드에는 1.5의 리세스 수를 갖는 내부 혼합형 이중 스월 분사기 37개가 배치되었다. 본 논문에서는 연소실 길이, 직경, 그리고 교반링 등의 연소실 설계 변경에 따른 실물형 가스발생기의 연소 안정성 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연소시험 결과 공진 주파수가 고주파 영역에서 생성됨에 따라 동압의 세기는 전반적으로 감소하였으나, 연소 불안정을 완전히 억제시키지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.134-137
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 친환경 추진제인 고농도 과산화수소와 케로신을 사용하는 저추력 이원추진제 로켓 엔진의 O/F ratio에 따른 연소 성능 특성을 파악하였다. 연소시험에 사용된 엔진은 6개의 동축 스월 인젝터로 구성된 멀티 인젝터와 연소실, 노즐로 구성되어있으며, 촉매 점화 방식을 사용하였다. 연소 시험은 O/F ratio 3.8에서 11.0까지 변화시켜가며 수행하였다. 연소 시험 결과를 이용하여 특성 속도($C^*$)와 압력 섭동 값을 계산한 결과, 연소 효율은 O/F ratio 5~6 구간에서 가장 좋았으며 모든 구간에서 연소실 압력대비 압력 섭동 값이 5% 미만으로 안정적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 과산화수소/케로신 촉매 점화기의 최적 설계를 위하여 점화기 설계와 운용 조건에 따른 점화 특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 촉매대의 출구 면적은 분해된 가스가 쵸킹이 발생하지 않도록 충분하여야 하며, 케로신은 촉매대 중앙에서 미립화가 잘되도록 분무하여야 함을 확인하였다. 또한 점화기를 운용하는데 있어 예열이 없을 경우 과산화수소를 약 3초 정도 리드해야 하며, 퍼지는 케로신 공급과 같거나 늦게 공급하는 것이 바람직함을 확인하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The low frequency combustion instability phenomena generated by pressure drop oscillation such as propellant shake in feed line are studied. To generate the flowrate oscillation by the pressure pulsation up to 400Hz without flow discontinuities and cavitations, a hydrodynamic mechanical pulsator of rotating disk type was produced. Injection pressure conditions are 5, 7 and 9 bar and pressure fluctuation frequency conditions are 0, 4, 6 and 8 Hz. When the injection pressure was oscillated by a mechanical pulsator, the spray shape was pulsated regularly. During the pulsated state of the spray with a mechanical pulsator, the spray characteristics, such as spray angle and liquid film thickness in orifice exit, were measured and compared with those in steady state without a mechanical pulsator. Though the mean injection pressure was fixed in the steady and fluctuating state, there were some differences in all measured values, i.e. liquid film thickness and spray cone angle, between both states.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.868-875
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to investigate the average droplet size distributions of a GDI spray by simultaneous fluorescence/scattering image technique. GDI engine is recently very popular because of high engine efficiency and low emissions. However, the injectors must have good spray characteristics because the fuel is directly injected into the cylinder. The fuel mixtures used in this study were 2% of fluorobenzene, 9% of DEMA(diethyl-methyl-amine) and 89% of hexane by volume. The system for obtaining 2-D fluorescence/scattering images of fuel spray was constituted of a laser sheet, a doubling prism, optical filters, and an ICCD camera. Using the ratio of the fluorescence to the scattering intensities, SMD distributions were obtained. SMD measured by the technique was compared with that obtained by PDA. It was found that average droplet size was bigger at spray center in the early stage of injection and at the outer periphery of the spray in the late stage of injection.