• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2007

[ $Bi_{1.5}Zn_{1.0}Nb_{1.5}O_7$ ] (BZN), $Bi_2Mg_{2/3}Nb_{4/3}O_7$ (BMN), and $Bi_2Cu_{2/3}Nb_{4/3}O_7$ (BCN) pyrochlore thin films were prepared on $Cu/Ti/SiO_2/Si$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition and the micro-structural and electrical properties were characterized for embedded capacitor applications. The BZN, BMN, and BCN films deposited at $25\;^{\circ}C$ and $150\;^{\circ}C$, respectively show smooth surface morphologies and dielectric constants of about $39\;{\sim}\;58$. The high dielectric loss of the films deposited at $150\;^{\circ}C$ compared with films deposited at $25\;^{\circ}C$ was attributed to the defects existing at interface between the films and copper electrode by an oxidation of copper bottom electrode. The leakage current densities and breakdown voltages in 200 nm thick-BMN and BZN films deposited at $150\;^{\circ}C$ are approximately $2.5\;{\times}\;10^{-8}\;A/cm^2$ at 3 V and above 10 V, respectively. Both BZN and BMN films are considered to be suitable materials for embedded capacitor applications.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2009

In this paper, the analytical fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is presented using model-based and signal-based methodology with wavelet analysis on signals obtained from sensors and sensor networks. In the model-based FDD, we present the modeling of contact interface found in soft materials, including the biomedical contacts. Fingerprint analysis and signal-based FDD are also presented with an experimental framework consisting of a mechanical pneumatic system typically found in manufacturing automation. This diagnosis system focuses on the signal-based approach which employs multi-resolution wavelet decomposition of various sensor signals such as pressure, flow rate, etc., to determine leak configuration. Pattern recognition technique and analytical vectorized maps are developed to diagnose an unknown leakage based on the established FDD information using the affine mapping. Experimental studies and analysis are presented to illustrate the FDD methodology. Both model-based and wavelet-based FDD applied in contact interface and manufacturing automation have implication towards better quality of life by applying theory and practice to understand how effective diagnosis can be made using intelligent FDD. As an illustration, a model-based contact surface technology an benefit the diabetes with the detection of abnormal contact patterns that may result in ulceration if not detected and treated in time, thus, improving the quality of life of the patients. Ultimately, effective diagnosis using FDD with wavelet analysis, whether it is employed in biomedical applications or manufacturing automation, can have impacts on improving our quality of life.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2015

A lead slowing-down spectrometer (LSDS) system is a promising nondestructive assay technique that enables a quantitative measurement of the isotopic contents of major fissile isotopes in spent nuclear fuel and its pyroprocessing counterparts, such as $^{235}U$, $^{239}Pu$, $^{241}Pu$, and, potentially, minor actinides. The LSDS system currently under development at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Daejeon, Korea) is planned to utilize a high-flux ($>10^{12}n/cm^2{\cdot}s$) neutron source comprised of a high-energy (30 MeV)/high-current (~2 A) electron beam and a heavy metal target, which results in a very intense and complex radiation field for the facility, thus demanding structural shielding to guarantee the safety. Optimization of the structural shielding design was conducted using MCNPX for neutron dose rate evaluation of several representative hypothetical designs. In order to satisfy the construction cost and neutron attenuation capability of the facility, while simultaneously achieving the aimed dose rate limit (< $0.06{\mu}Sv/h$), a few shielding materials [high-density polyethylene (HDPE)eBorax, $B_4C$, and $Li_2CO_3$] were considered for the main neutron absorber layer, which is encapsulated within the double-sided concrete wall. The MCNP simulation indicated that HDPE-Borax is the most efficient among the aforementioned candidate materials, and the combined thickness of the shielding layers should exceed 100 cm to satisfy the dose limit on the outside surface of the shielding wall of the facility when limiting the thickness of the HDPE-Borax intermediate layer to below 5 cm. However, the shielding wall must include the instrumentation and installation holes for the LSDS system. The radiation leakage through the holes was substantially mitigated by adopting a zigzag-shape with concrete covers on both sides. The suggested optimized design of the shielding structure satisfies the dose rate limit and can be used for the construction of a facility in the near future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.739-750
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• 1997

Treatment of root perforation elicits special considerations due to its blood-contaminated circumstances. It is known that conventional dental restorative materials are all leaking. Calcium sulfate is the material which react with water to become chemically set. This study, therefore, was performed to develop a new compound containing calcium sulfate and to evaluate its physical and biological characteristics. Three materials were used, IRM, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound. The composition of the calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound was basically 50 % of calcium sulfate and 50 % of hydroxyapatite mixed with guajacol. The materials were mixed in conventional way and underwent four physical test procedures, setting time, solubility test, compressive strength, and marginal leakage test. All materials were evaluated under the scanning electron microscope to examine the marginal sealing ability. Animal experiment was also performed to test the materials' tissue response. Twenty-four dog's premolars were tested with either furcation perforations or apical retro-fillings. From the results, we found that calcium sulfate possess the good marginal sealing ability. However, calcium sulfate creates many voids which is caused by crystal thrusting action when it reacts with water. It seemed that the voids caused disintegration of the material which eventually lead to tissue reaction. By compounding calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite, we were able to obtain the better physical properties but it showed larger marginal gap between the material and the root surface. Within the six weeks observation period, both IRM and calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound showed good tissue responses in animal experiment. It is concluded that calcium sulfate would be the material of choice in root perforation repair, but the physical property needs to be further improved.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

본 개발은 중간 크기 미만의 외형 결함을 검출함에 있어 X-Ray 광원을 사용하는 비파괴 장비이다. 본 연구개발물의 차별성은 X-Ray광원을 이용 중소형 생산제품들의 외부결함 유무를 실시간 검사할 수 있으며 표면 방사선 누설선량에 있으면서 검사 속도제어가 가능하다. 이를 소프트웨어로 해결하였다. 또한 작업 중 작업자 안전을 위해 도어 차단이 가능하고 동시에 장비 내부 구동 영상의 획인이 가능하다는 점이다. 이런 원리로 현재는 중소형 부품에서부터 크게는 컨테이너와 같은 검사시스템의 기반 기술로 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 자동차 산업 외에 다른 다양한 비파괴 시장 산업에 큰 영향을 미칠 것이다. 마지막으로 개발된 비파괴 장비는 $0.2Sv{\mu}$ 하에서 제어된다는 사실은 아주 중요한 사실이다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.784-787
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• 2002

Sol-gel 법으로 PLT(28) 박막을 제작하여, 박막의 구조적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. XRD와 AFM 관찰결과, $650^{\circ}C$에서 annealing 된 박막은 완전한 perovskite 구조를 가지며 표면거칠기도 22$\AA$ 으로 양호한 값을 나타내었다. Pt/TiO$_{x}$SiO2/Si 기판위에 PLT(28) 박막을 증착시켜 planar 형태의 캐패시터를 제작하여 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, PLT(28) 박막은 상유전상을 가지며,10kHz에서 비유전률과 유전손실은 761 과 0.024 이었다. 또, 5V에서 전하축적 밀도와 누설전류밀도는 각각 134fC/$\mu$m2 과 1.01 $\mu$A/cm2 이었다. 이로부터, PLT(28) 박막이 차세대 DRAM 용 캐패시터 절연막으로 사용될 수 있는 유망한 재료라고 생각된다.다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

기존 교량의 신축이음장치는 각종 노후화로 인해 제설제를 포함한 노면수의 누수사례가 빈번히 발생하여 교량의 수명을 감소시켜 유지관리 비용을 가중시킨다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 신축이음장치를 사용하지 않는 고인성 연결조인트 공법을 개발하였으며, 본 연구에서는 개발된 고인성 연결조인트공법의 균열제어성능 균열 후 누수방지성능 및 염해저항성을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 연결조인트 소재에서 PCM, FRC를 사용한 경우에는 균열 분산성이 불량해서 누수 및 염해가 쉽게 발생하였다. 반면, 고인성 콘크리트를 사용한 연결조인트는 인장변형량이 최대 7.5mm까지 균열을 무해한 마이크로 크랙으로 안정적으로 분산시켰으며, 가혹한 조건에서도 누수를 방지할 수 있었다. 또한, 균열 후에도 염화물 이온의 침투를 방지하여 염해저항성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2001

The present study is conducted to investigate the local heat/mass transfer characteristics on the shroud with blade tip clearances. The relative motion between blade and shroud has little influence on the overall heat transfer characteristics, except some local effects. Therefore, the relative motion between the blade and shroud is neglected in this study. A naphthalene sublimation method is employed to determine the detailed local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the surface of the shroud. The tip clearance is changed from 0.66% to 2.85% of the blade chord length. The flow enters the gap between the blade tip and shroud at the pressure side due to the pressure difference. Therefore, the heat/mass transfer characteristics on the shroud are changed significantly from those with endwall. At first, high heat/mass transfer occurs along the profile of blade at the pressure side due to the entrance effect and acceleration of the gap flow. Then, the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the shroud increase along the suction side of the blade because tip leakage vortices are generated and interact with the main flow. The results show that the heat/mass transfer characteristics are changed largely with the gap distance between the tip of turbine blade and the shroud.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 RTP(rapid thermal process)를 이용한 새로운 산화방법을 고안했으며, 이는 짧은 시간에 다공질 실리콘을 산화시킴으로써 이 기술은 여타 방법에 비해 경제적이고 간편한 방법으로 짧은 시간에 두꺼운 산화막을 성장시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 먼저, 양극반응을 통해 PSL(porous silicon layer)을 형성한 후 이를 저온 산화시킨 후에 급속 열처리 산화공정(RTO: rapid thermal oxidation)를 이용해서 OPSL(oxidized porous silicon layer)을 제조하고, 그 물성 및 전기적 특성을 조사하여, 열 산화로 제작된 OPSL과 그 특성을 비교하였다. 시편의 절연 파괴전압은 약 3.9 MV/cm의 값을 보여 벌크 산화막보다는 적은 값이지만 절연 재료로서는 충분한 값이고, 누설전류는 0 ∼ 50 V의 인가 전압에서 100 ∼ 500 ㎀의 값을 보였다. 그리고, XPS 결과는 RTO 공정 추가가 저온 산화막의 완전 산화에 크게 기여함을 확인하였으며, 저온 산화막의 표면 및 내부에서도 산화반응이 완전하게 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 이 결과로부터 저온 OPSL을 제조할 때, RTO 공정이 OPSL의 산화 및 치밀화(densification)의 증가에 크게 기여함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 이의 방법으로 제조된 OPSL은 저온을 요구하는 공정에서 소자의 절연막, 전기적인 분리층 그리고 실리콘 고주파용 기판 등으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage pattern of glass ionomer with resin restoration in microleakage pattern of primary and permanent teeth. Microscopical observation of interface between tooth structure and restoration was also performed. 80 and 8 sound molar teeth were used for the microleakage test and SEM study respectively. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test and/or t-Test. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. According to the result of microleakage pattern between primary and permanent tooth, primary tooth generally showed more micro leakage than permanent tooth in all groups (p<.05). 2. In the resin-filled groups, occlusal margin was shown to have more microleakage than gingival margin(p<.05). Whereas the glass ionomer-filled groups showed no statistically significant differences between them(p>.05). 3. No statistically significant differences in microleakage could be found between two different resin groups(p>.05), while Fuji II LC group showed less microleakage than Ketac-Fil group(p>.05). 4. The various type hybrid layer was evident under SEM in resin-filled groups both in primary and permanent teeth with generally thicker layer in primary group. Among glass-ionomer group, Fuji II LC group showed more intact adhesion to tooth surface than Ketac-Fil group