• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

As the size of manufacturing equipment for LCD and OLED displays increases, replacement of existing heavy stainless steel components with light metals, such as aluminum alloys, is being more important in semiconducting and display manufacturing industries. To use aluminum alloys for components in semiconducting and display industries, it is important to develop a new anodization method for improved performance of anodic oxide films than conventional anodization method based on sulfuric acid. In this work, optimum applied current density and the best sealing methods for anodic oxide films in 3% oxalic acid were explored. Experimental results showed 2.5 A/dm2 is the best applied current density for improved hardness and dielectric breakdown voltage. Sealing of the anodic oxide films further improved their hardness, dielectric breakdown voltage and resistance to HCl, by which application of anodic oxide films become applicable for components in semiconducting and display industries.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1115-1119
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• 2014

In this article, a 20 kHz ultrasonic waveguide for nano-surface treatment was designed and manufactured. When designing the system, finite element analysis with ANSYS software was performed to find optimal dimensions of the waveguide, which can raise energy efficiency. Consequently an anti-resonance frequency of an Al waveguide with a piezoelectric actuator was 20 kHz, which predicted the experimentally obtained value of 18 kHz well. For the assessment of the performance, Steel Use Stainless (SUS) 304 and chromium molybdenum steel (SCM) 435 specimens were tested. Cross-sectional microscopies of SUS304 were taken and they showed that the treated thickness was $30{\mu}m$. Additionally, hardness tests of SCM435 were done and the hardness before the process was 14.0 Rockwell Hardness-C scale (HRC) and after the process was 20.5 HRC, respectively, which means 46% increase. Considering these results, the developed ultrasonic system is thought to be effective in the nano-surface treatment process.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

An alternative fabrication method for carburizing steel using spark plasma sintering (SPS) is investigated. The sintered carburized sample, which exhibits surface modification effects such as carburizing, sintered Fe, and sintered Fe-0.8 wt.%C alloys, is fabricated using SPS. X-ray diffraction and micro Vickers tests are employed to confirm the phase and properties. Finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the change in hardness and analyze the carbon content and residual stress of the carburized sample. The change in the hardness of the carburized sample has the same tendency to predict hardness. The difference in hardness between the carburized sample and the predicted value is also discussed. The carburized sample exhibits a compressive residual stress at the surface. These results indicate that the carburized sample experiences a surface modification effect without carburization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy is employed to verify the change in phase. A novel fabrication method for altering the carburization is successfully proposed. We expect this fabrication method to solve the problems associated with carburization.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2010

The micro Vickers hardness and internal stress of Ni-Fe metal thin film synthesized by electrodeposition method at $25^{\circ}C$ were studied as a function of bath composition, and surface microstructure and atomic compositions of thin films were investigated by SEM and EDS. And the shape change of $200\;{\AA}$ Ni-Fe nanowires made using anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) templates by electrodeposition method were observed by SEM as a function of ultrasonic treatment time and bath composition. The Fe deposition contents on the substrate non-linearly increased with Fe ion concentration over total metal ion concentration. In case of low Fe contents film, the grain size is smaller and denser than high Fe contents deposited films, and the micro Vickers hardness increased with Fe contents of electrodeposited films. These results affected the shape change of nanowire after ultrasonic treatments.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권10호
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• pp.1561-1564
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• 2012

In this work, we have fabricated the nanocrystalline carbon films by using unbalanced magnetron sputtering method with graphite and Ti targets for contact strip application of electrical railway. The power density of graphite target was fixed and the power density was increased for the increase of Ti concentration in TiC films. We investigated the hardness, surface roughness, contact angle, resistivity, HRTEM and XPS of TiC films with Ti concentration. The hardness and resistivity were improved with increasing Ti concentration. These results indicate that the improvement of hardness and resistivity is related to the increase of sp2 clusters in TiC films.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2006

Ni-SiC composite coating layers were prepared by electroplating method and their deposition rate, codeposition of SiC, morphology, surface roughness, hardness, wear and friction properties were investigated. It was found that the deposition rate and the codeposition of SiC in the composite coating layer increased with increasing concentration of SiC in the solution only at the early stage. Both of them reached certain maxima and then decreased with increasing concentration of SiC. Rough surface was obtained with increasing codeposition of SiC, which is probably due to the agglomeration of the SiC particle in the vicinity of surface. Vickers hardness increased with increasing codeposition of SiC and heat treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ in air for 1 hour. Wear volume decreased with increasing codeposition of SiC and friction coefficient increased with increasing codeposition of SiC at the early stage, and it became almost constant. Such wear and friction behaviors are desirable for the practical application.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2009

풍납토성에서 출토된 한성백제시대 토기를 중심으로 다양한 경도측정 방법을 적용하여 토기의 굳기에 따른 적절한 측정방법 및 조건을 연구하였다. 연구를 위한 토기시료는 육안관찰과 모스경도계를 이용하여 굳기의 서열별로 선정하였으며, 표면 경도측정에는 초음파 및 에코팁 경도측정법을 적용하였고, 단면에는 로크웰 표충경도(로크웰 슈퍼피셜)와 마이크로비커스 경도측정법을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 표면 경도에서는 두 방법 모두 정밀한 측정에 많은 어려움이 있었으며 육안 및 모스경도에 따른 분류와 일치하는 경향성을 관찰할 수 없었다. 단면 경도측정 결과에서는, 로크웰 표충경도 측정법의 경우, 연질 토기의 측정에 보다 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 1/16" 강구 압입자를 사용하여 15kgf의 시험하중으로 측정할 경우 가장 재현성이 좋은 측정값을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 반면, 마이크로비커스 측정법의 경우, 경질 토기의 측정에 보다 유리한 특성을 보였으며, 시험하중 100gf에서 가장 재현성과 정밀도가 높은 측정값을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 로크웰 표충경도법과 마이크로비커스 측정법은 모두 그 측정값이 고고학적 견해에 따른 육안분류와 거의 일치하는 경향성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 토기에 대한 고고학적 견해의 객관성을 뒷받침할 수 있는 매우 유용한 도구로써 기계적 경도측정값이 이용될 수 있음을 보여주는 것으로, 향후 이를 이용한 활발한 연구가 가능해 질 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.414-418
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• 2022

Magnesium alloy is the lightest practical metal. It has excellent specific strength and recyclability as well as abundant reserves, and is expected to be a next-generation structural metal material following aluminum alloy. This paper investigated the possibility of thin plate fabrication by applying a overheating treatment to the melt drag method, and investigating the surface shape of the thin plate, grain size, grain size distribution, and Vickers hardness. When the overheating treatment was applied to magnesium alloy, the grains were refined, so it is expected that further refinement of grains can be realized if the overheating treatment is applied to the melt drag method. By applying overheating treatment, it was possible to fabricate a thin plate of magnesium alloy using the melt drag method, and a microstructure with a minimum grain size of around 12 ㎛ was obtained. As the overheating treatment temperature increased, void defects increased on the roll surface of the thin plate, and holding time had no effect on the surface shape of the thin plate. The fabricated thin plate showed uniform grain size distribution. When the holding times were 0 and 30 min, the grain size was refined, and the effect of the holding time became smaller as the overheating treatment temperature increased. As the overheating temperature becomes higher, the grain size becomes finer, and the finer the grain size is, the higher the Vickers hardness.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2009

Approaches for analyzing indentation hardness are still controversial, although the instrumented indentation technique has been generalized as one powerful method that can record surface deformation behaviors. Material pile-ups around the indenter/surface contact region make the conventional Oliver and Pharr's analysis on the instrumented indentation curve inaccurate. Thus, in order to prove the validity of the hardness analyses, five approaches were applied to the experimental data obtained from fused quartz and (100) monocrystalline tungsten specimens; an elastic recovery analysis on instrumented indentation curves, three indentation work analyses on the unit plastic volume, and a differentiation analysis on remnant indentation morphologies were tried. Five kinds of indentation hardness overlapped on one result plot showed the validity of each analysis. The modified indentation work approach based on a new definition of plastic volume showed consistent results with those from the Oliver-Pharr's and image differentiation methods. In the case of pile-up accompanying deformation, the Oliver-Pharr's and image differentiation methods showed the upper and lower limits of indentation hardness, respectively.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.465-468
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• 2005

This Study is concerned workability and the physical properties for practical use of waste concrete powder originated from the manufacturing progress of waste concrete aggregate and it apply to concrete tile. Also because it is important that concrete tile has to ensure the surface moisture stability, for solving the problems aplied curing method is air-dried and autoclave curing. As the result, the physical properties, such as fluent properties, compressive strength, surface hardness and surface glossiness, were decreased with increase of replacement ratio of waste concrete powder, also surface stability was weaked about moisture. But by autoclave curing, it is possible that compressive strength and surface hardness increased, and surface moisture stability is ensured.