• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

Selection of efficient supplier is a very important process as risk or uncertainty of a supply chain and its environment are increasing. Previous deterministic DEA and probabilistic DEAs are very limited to handle various types of risk and uncertainty. In this paper, I propose an improved probabilistic DEA which consists of two steps; Monte Carlo simulation and statistical decision making. The simulation results show that the proposed method is proper to distinguish supplier's performance and provide statistical decision background.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2023

사회가 고도화되면서 복잡성은 증가하고 예측하기 어려운 리스크도 계속적으로 발생하고 있다. 특히 최근 코로나19 및 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁으로 인한 글로벌 공급망에 대한 리스크도 한 예라 할 수 있다. 공급망에 대한 리스크는 항만 물동량에 영향을 주어 항만운영과 항만산업 발전에 지장을 주게 된다. 본 연구는 글로벌 공급망 리스크가 항만 물동량, 특히 컨테이너 물동량에 주는 영향을 알아보기 위해 부산항 사례를 중심으로 글로벌 공급망 압력지수(GSCPI), 상하이 컨테이너 운임지수(SCFI), 산업생산지수, 소매 판매지수 등의 변수들이 물동량에 주는 영향에 대해 벡터자기회귀(VAR) 모형을 활용하여 실증분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과, GSCPI의 상승은 단기적으로 부산항 물동량의 감소를 유발하지만, 일정 시점 후에는 물동량 증가요인으로 작용하는 파동의 형태로 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 비교군인 상하이항에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 다만 LA/LB항에서는 GSCPI가 물동량에 거의 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업 생산지수와 소매판매지수는 부산항 물동량에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, SCFI의 경우 GSCPI가 물동량에 미치는 영향과 거의 유사한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 공급망 리스크가 점차 증가하고 있는 상황에서 리스크가 항만 물동량에 어떠한 형태로 영향을 미치는지를 밝혀 향후 공급망 리스크에 대비한 항만운영 정책 수립에 많은 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.395-416
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• 2008

The advance information for oceangoing cargoes destined to th United States enable CBP to evaluate the potential risk of smuggling WMD and to facilitate the prompt release of legitimate cargo following its arrival in the Unites States. On January 1, 2008, CBP promulgate regulations, also known as 10+2 rule, to require the electronic transmission of additional data elements for improved high-risk targeting, including appropriate security elements of entry data for cargo destined to the United States by vessel prior to loading of such cargo on vessels at foreign seaports. The potential impact to an importer's international supply chain will be as follows ; Firstly, importers will take incremental supply chain costs and filing costs. Secondly, anticipate delay in shipment of containerized cargo. Thirdly, importers could be charged fines if they fail to file and file inaccurate or missing data. Companies exporting to the United States should be interested in 10+2 rule, analyze their current processes and procedures to ensure that they are prepared to handle the additional filing requirements of 10+2 rule. And they should focus on how 10+2 impacts their supply chain in terms of costs and sourcing. They will be necessary to revise service legal agreements with their forwarders, customs brokers or carriers in order to meet filing requirements of 10+2 rule.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.280-295
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• 2022

This paper contains an introduction to industrial problems, solutions, and results conducted with the Korea Association of Machinery Industry. The client company commissioned the problem of upgrading the method of identifying global supply risky items. Accordingly, the factors affecting the supply and demand of imported items in the global supply chain were identified and the method of selecting risky items was studied and delivered. Through research and discussions with the client companies, it is confirmed that the most suitable factors for identifying global supply risky items are 'import size', 'import dependence', and 'trend abnormality'. The meaning of each indicator is introduced, and risky items are selected using export/import data until October 2022. Through this paper, it is expected that countries and companies will be able to identify global supply risky items in advance and prepare for risks in the new normal situation: the economic situation caused by infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and the export/import regulation due to geopolitical problems. The client company will include in his report, the method presented in this paper and the risky items selected by the method.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.309-327
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• 2022

전(全) 산업 분야에서 ICT 융합화가 진행되고 공급망의 글로벌 생태조성이 가속화됨에 따라, 공급망 위험 또한 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 특히, ICT 제품의 공급망은 관리해야 할 기술적·환경적 요인들이 매우 복잡하여, 전체 생명주기에 걸친 투명한 관리가 어렵다. 이에 미국·영국·EU 등 세계 주요국과 국제연합은 ICT 제품 공급망 대상의 사이버 공급망 보안 관련 연구와 정책을 수행·수립 중이다. 우리나라도 2019년 발표한 국가사이버안보전략의 기본계획 내에 주요 ICT 장비의 공급망 보안을 위한 관리체계를 구축하는 등 현안으로써 추진하고 있으나, 국가·공공기관을 위한 조직·기관 수준의 정책은 아직 부재한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 미국의 사이버 공급망 보안 관리체계를 검토하여, 사이버 공급망 보안 관점의 우리나라 국가 정보보안 기본지침 보완방안을 제시한다. 이는 국내 정보보안 분야에서 도입 가능한 사이버 공급망 조치사항의 참고 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.101-105
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• 2002

In a traditional hierarchical inventory system, direct orders are the only information for inventory management that is exchanged between the firms involved. But due to the rapid development of modern information technology, it becomes possible for the firms to share more information in real time, e.g. demand and inventory status data. And so the term Supply Chain has emerged because it is seen as an important source of competitive advantage. Now it is possible to challenge traditional approaches to inventory management. In the past, one of the de-facto assumptions for inventory management was that the demand pattern follows a specific distribution function. However, it is undesirable to apply this assumption in real situations because the demand information in the supply chain tends to be distorted due to the bullwhip effect in a supply chain. To overcome this weakness, we propose a new solution method using NN (Neural Network). Our method proceeds in three steps. First, we find the patterns of optimal reorder points by analyzing past data. Second. train the NN using these pattern data and finally decide the reorder point. Using simulation experiment, we show that the proposed solution method gives better result than that of traditional research.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제64권
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• pp.239-264
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• 2014

Two types of responses to climate change exist. First is climate mitigation which includes efforts of reducing CO2 and GHG emissions. Second response is climate adaptation process which is establishing climate resilience in the supply chain. The two are inherently different since mitigation strategy focus on eliminating the source of climate change and is long term in nature but adaptation strategy is moderating the impact of potential or current climate change. In order to embed climate resilience in the supply chain, mitigation strategies and adaption strategies must be implemented simultaneously. Corporation's adaptation to climate change related natural disaster can be seen as a response that includes mitigation and adaptation strategies simultaneously. A comprehensive climate change resilience supply chain approach has to be developed. This paper illustrated guidelines and adaptation process framework businesses can utilize in order to build climate resilience. Screening process before the actual assessment of risk was introduced as well as the whole adaptation process of establishing information system and strengthening climate-related operational flexibility.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.21-47
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• 2010

Quantity discounts provide a practical foundation for supply chain inventory policies, improving the supplier's profit and reducing the buyer's inventory cost simultaneously. Traditional quantity-discount research, which deals with inventory coordination between a buyer and a supplier, is extended to a stationary stochastic environment. This research shows that the magnitude of the optimal discounts scheduled by the deterministic quantity discount models may not be large enough to cover the buyer's additional inventory stocking risks under uncertain conditions. As a result, the buyer's total inventory cost may often increase rather than decrease. In contrast, the proposed model allows the supplier to identify the discount level, which shares the buyer's amplified risk associated with temporary overstocking and ensures that both buyer and supplier benefit economically. The performance of the proposed model was tested in the continuous review environments via numerical experiments. The experimental results support the proposed method as a feasible alternative in coordinating inventory decisions under stochastic demand.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2022

공급망 공격은 주요기반시설을 타겟하여 피해 규모가 크고 공공 안전 및 국가안보를 위협하는 요소로 진화하고 있다. 이에 사이버안보 전략 및 정책 수립 시 공급망 위험관리를 명시하여 보안성을 제고하고 있으며, 2021년 미(美) 바이든 행정부가 발표한 국가 사이버안보 강화를 위한 행정명령에서는 소프트웨어 공급망 보안 강화를 위한 지침 중 일부로 SBOM을 언급하였다. 정부 차원에서 SBOM을 의무화하여 공급망 보안 검증 도구로 활용한다면, 향후 국내 조달체계에도 영향을 받을 수 있으며 정책 시행 경과에 따라 국내 공급망 보안 체계 수립 시에도 참고 가능할 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 공급망 보안 강화 방안으로써 SBOM 정책을 추진 중인 국가를 선정하여 관련 사례를 중점으로 분석하였다. 또한, 국외 SBOM 정책 동향의 비교·분석을 통하여 국내 SBOM 도입 시 기술, 정책, 법률측면에서의 활용 방안을 고찰하였다. 향후 공급망 무결성·투명성 검증 도구로 SBOM의 활용 가치가 기대되는바 SBOM에 대한 국제적 표준화 정립 및 정책 개발에 관한 지속적인 동향 파악과 표준 형식 개발 연구가 요구된다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2014

In the marine industry although there has been significant growth towards safety, security and risk assessments or risk-based strategies such as marine insurance and regulations to avoid the risks of damage to properties and the environment or the prospect of premature death caused by accidents etc, the moves toward managing the risks which are linked directly to the business functions and decision making processes have been very slow. Furthermore in the marine industry most perceptions, methodologies and frameworks of dealing with hazards, risks, safety and security issues are for their assessment rather than their management. This trend reveals the fact that in different marine industry sectors such as logistics and shipping there is a lack of coherent risk management framework or methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for the purpose of design, construction, operation, management and even decommissioning of the marine related applications. On the other hand risk management is not yet viewed holistically in the marine industry in order to, for example, assign a right person, i.e. risk manager, who can act as a coordinator and advisor with responsibilities that are only specific to risk management. As a result this paper, by examining the present physical borders and risk-based activities in the marine industry, aims to propose an appropriate risk management methodology in addition to the emergent role of risk managers which will enable the industry users initially to become familiar with the concept of risk management at its holistic level. In the later stages this eventually can lead to development of risk management capabilities at an exclusive level and its integration into the marine industry functions in future.