• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 1991

Effects of eight flavonoids and their related compounds on leukocytes migration, superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation in the phagocytosis of latex beads or E. coli by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were studied in vitro. It shows that most of flavonoids generally inhibited the leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and malonedialdehydes. Their inhibitory activities in the phagocytosis of latex beads had more active than that of E. coli. Quercetin has the most inhibitory activity in leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides at the concentration of 1, 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$. Catechin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides. Flavone, catechin, naringin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the leukocytes migration.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2013

Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, we examined superoxide anion ($O^{\cdot}_{2^-}$) production by neutrophils activated by T. vaginalis. Human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of T. vaginalis, its membrane component (MC), or excretory-secretory product (ESP). To assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, T. vaginalis lysate, ESP, and MC were each pretreated with a protease inhibitor cocktail before incubation with neutrophils. Superoxide anion production was significantly decreased by this treatment. Trichomonad growth was inhibited by preincubation with supernatants of neutrophils incubated for 3 hr with T. vaginalis lysate. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production by neutrophils was stimulated by live trichomonads. These results indicate that the production of superoxide anions and MPO by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis may be a part of defense mechanisms of neutrophils in trichomoniasis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.593-602
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• 2009

For a long time, there is much interest in the superoxide anion radical as one of reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only in the basic research field of chemistry and physics but also in the life science (or biotechnology). Recently, it is becoming ever more vital since the toxic property of nanomaterials as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOP) frequently employed for controlling pollutants are connected with the formation of superoxide anion radicals. Despite many researches on superoxide anion radical, the quantitative information of its presence and its detailed reaction mechanism in aqueous environments remains largely unclear, causing the controversy and confusion. In this review paper, we attempted to summarize the physicochemical property, mechanisms, and applications of superoxide anion radical. In addition, we briefly incorporated the important application of superoxide anion radical in AOP, nanomaterials, and life science (or biotechnology).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 1987

The formation of superoxide anion (${\cdot}O^{-}_2$)and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) during linoleic acid peroxidation were investigated in linoleic acid-aqueous system at $37^{\circ}C$. Superoxide anion was rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation, marked to 0.375 (absorbance at 560mm) in the 12mM linoleic acid (POV below 80millieq./kg) incubated for 1 day and then decreased with time-elapsed. Hydrogen peroxide was also rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation regardless of linoleic acid concentration. And, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase greatly inhibited the formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

A scavenger of superoxide anion radical which causes oxygen toxicity was isolated from Capsella bursa-pastoris, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. The scavenger was isolated and purified by solvent fractionation and liquid column chromatographies (Amberlite XAD-2, Sephadex LH-20, Bio gel P-2, ODS (silica gel with 100% octadecyl silanization)). An active compound of 0.25 g was finally isolated by Fast Protein Liquid chromatography (FPLC) from 100 g ethanol extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris. A 50% decrease of superoxide anion radical was obtained with the scavenger compound of 0.58 g. The compound was assumed to be a phenolic glycoside from its physicochemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1996

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide(ANP) is a hormone with potent natriuretic, diuretic and relaxing properties of vascular smooth muscle. Specific chemical modulator responsible for the ANP secretion has not yet been found. Although atrial stretch of stretch-release is to be a major stimulus for the secretion of ANP, the precise mechano-molecular transduction mechanism responsible for its evoked secretion remains to be elucidated. It is interested to clarify the effect of superoxide anion in the stretch-induced ANP secretion. In order to investigate the effectg of $H_2O_2$ in the regulation of ANP secretion, a perfused model of left atrium of rats was used. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The ANP secretion and the extracellular fluid(ECF) translocation were accentuated by the effect of repetitive atrial distension-reduction volume at atrial pressure($4cmH_2O$). 2. The dilution curve showed to be in parallel between pure atriopeptin III (AP III) and perfusated buffer. 3. $H_2O_2(5{\times}10^{-4}M)$ accenturated a strectch-release induced increase of the ANP secretion. The amount of released ANP was significantly(p<0.01) increased. These results suggest that the superoxide anion may be involved in the regulatory mechanism of mechanically activated ANP release.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

Using mixed incubation of cultured endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, neutrophils activated with PMA and paraquat, the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O$$_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate was estimated. The results was as follows: 1. Neutrophils activated with PMA was produced superoxide anion,$H_2O_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate. 2. Fibroblasts did not alter the production of superoxide anion and $H_2O_2$ by neutrophils, it was markedly reduced by mixed incubation with endothelial cells. 3. Mixed incubation with endothelial cells significantly augmented the production of 5 or 12-HETEs, but fibroblasts did not. 4. Using mixed incubation of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils and paraquat (50ug/m1 and 100ug/m1), the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O_2$and HETEs was significantly increased on both cells at low concentration (50ug/m1), but markedly reduced at high concentration (1001g/m1). 5. Paraquat showed concentration dependent effects on arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolism.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-34
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• 1997

The rapid and spontaneous interaction between superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide to yield the potent oxidants. peroxynitrite artion and peroxynitrous acid, was investigated in phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophases by means of lucigenin- or luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method. When RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by PMA. peroxynitrite-induced chemiluminescence was clearly observed. To prove observed chemiluminescencc due to the reaction between superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide produced by RAW264.7 macrophases, N-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide-releasing compound. superoxide dismutase(SOD), an enzyme removing superoxide anion radical by dismutating superoxide artion radical to hydrogen peroxide, and N-acethyl cysteine(NAC), a scarvenging reagent both superoxide artion radical and nitric oxide, were added in the cell system. Peroxynitrite- induced chemilumincscence was increased by exogenous addition of GSNO. whereas observed chemiluminescence was decreased by SOD and NAC. These results suggest that PMA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages produce both superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1992

The present study was attempted to investigate the effect of cyclobuxine (a steroidal alkaloid) on generation of reactive oxygen metablite and myocardial damage promoted by an exogenous administeration of arachidonate in ischemic-reperfused hearts. Langendorff preparation of the isolated rat heart was made ischemic condition by reducing the flow rate to 0.5 ml/min for 45 min, and then followed by normal reperfusion (7 ml/min) for 5 min. The generation of superoxide anion was estimated by measuring the SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction. The degree of lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue was estimated from the tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration using thiobarbituric acid method. The myocardial cell damage was observed by measuring LDH released into the coronary effluent. Sodium arachidonate $(0.1\;and\;1.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$ infused during the period of oxygenated reperfusion stimulated superoxide anion production dose-dependently. The rate of arachidonate-induced superoxide anion generation was markedly inhibited by cyclobuxine $(1.0\;and\;10\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The production of malondialdehyde was increased by infusion of arachidonate. This increase was prevented by superoxide dismutase (300 U/ml) and cyclobuxine $(1.0\;and\;10\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The release of LDH was increased by sodium arachidonate was also inhibited by superoxide dismutase and cyclobuxine. In conclusion, the present results suggest that cyclobuxine inhibits the production of reactive oxygen metabolite and myocardial damages which were promoted by an administeration of arachidonate during reperfusion of ischemic hearts.