• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2014

Gaseous sulfur compound such as $H_2S$ or COS in coal- or biomass-derived hot syngas can be purified by solid sorbents at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the physical properties and reactivity of solid regenerable desulfurization sorbents with 37.2, 41.9, and 46.5wt% ZnO to look into the ZnO content effect. The sorbents were produced by spray-drying method to apply to a fluidized-bed process. Sulfidation and regeneration reaction were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Sorbent prepared with 46.5wt% ZnO had physical properties suitable for a fluidized-bed process applications such as spherical shape, sufficient mechanical strength and density, high porosity and surface area. It showed high sulfur sorption capacity of 10.4wt% (ZnO utilization of 57%) at reaction temperatures of 500 and $650^{\circ}C$ for sulfidation and regeneration, respectively. However, the sulfur sorption capacity and ZnO utilization were significantly reduced and dimple shape appeared when the ZnO content decreased to 37.2 and 41.9wt%. Sulfur sorption capacity and regenerability were improved as reaction temperature increased within the experimental temperatures used in this work. The reaction temperature zones of $1500{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ and $650{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ are recommended for sulfidation and regeneration, respectively, to lead best reaction performances of the ZnO-based spray-dried sorbents developed in this work.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.716-721
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• 2005

The role of an effective microbial species is critical to the successful application of biological processes to remove sulfur compounds. A bacterial strain was isolated from the soil of a malodorous site and identified as Burkholderia spp. This isolate was able to oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate, with simultaneous pH decrease and accumulation of elemental sulfur. The specific growth rate and the sulfate oxidation rate using the thiosulfate basal medium were $0.003 h^{-1}\;and\;3.7 h^{-1}$, respectively. The isolated strain was mixotrophic, and supplementation of $0.2\%$ (w/v) of yeast extract to the thiosulfate-basal medium increased the specific growth rate by 50-fold. However, the rate of sulfate oxidation was more than ten times higher without yeast extract. The isolate grew best at pH 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the sulfate oxidation rate was the highest at 0.12 M sodium thiosulfate. In an upflow biofilter, the isolated strain was able to degrade $H_2S\;with\;88\%$ efficiency at 8 ppm and 121/h of incoming gas concentration and flow rate, respectively. The cell density at the bottom of the column reached $3.2{\times}10^8$ CFU/(g bead) at a gas flow rate of 121/h.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 필터를 이용하여 가스상 황화합물들을 필터 방식으로 제거하는 특성을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 이산화황으로 대표되는 산화황화합물과 황화수소를 위시한 5가지 환원황화합물 ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, $CS_2$, 와 DMDS)을 동시에 함유한 표준가스를 준비하였다. 그리고 이 가스를 연구대상으로 정한 글래스파이버 필터에 흘려주면서, 필터 통과 유무에 따른 농도차를 분석하였다. 이러한 자료를 토대로 황성분들의 제거특성을 각각의 황성분에 대비하여 해석하였다. 그 결과에 의하면, 이산화황은 필터에 의해 거의 완전하게 제거되지만, 환원황성분들은 각자의 반응성에 따라 상당히 차별화된 결과를 보였다. 반응성이 가장 강한 황화수소는 60% 가까이 제거되었다. 그러나 이에 반해, 분자량이 큰 성분들(DMS, $CS_2$, DMDS)은 필터에 제거되지 않고 거의 통과하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2006

산성비의 한 가지 원인으로 알려진 이산화황($SO_2$)을 포함한 대기 오염물질인 연도 기체의 배출 허용 기준이 엄격해지고 있다. 배연 탈황 기술의 효율을 획기적으로 높일 수 있는 분리막 접촉기의 개발에 필요한 기초 설계 자료를 제공하고자 평판형 분리막 접촉기 실험 장치를 설계 및 설치하여 이산화황 투과 특성 평가를 수행하였다. 평판형 분리막 접촉기를 이용한 이산화황의 제거에 미치는 흡수제 농도와 공급 기체 내의 이산화황 농도의 영향, 공급 기체 유량 및 분리막 재질에 따른 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 흡수제 농도가 증가할수록 이산화황 제거 효율이 증가하였으며, 이산화황 농도가 증가할수록 제거 효율이 감소하였다. 또한 공급 기체 유량이 증가할수록 제거 효율이 감소하였으며 분리막 재질은 제거 효율에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 무연탄용 서천화력발전소 1호기가 대기환경보전법 및 서천화력발전본부 내부 규정인 이산화황 평균 배출 규제치를 준수하며 연속운전 할 수 있는 흡수탑 내부의 석회석 슬러리 pH의 적정 운전범위를 찾고자 실험 하였다. 연소가스의 유량등 주요 운전요소를 고정한 상태에서 탈황 흡수탑으로 유입되는 연소가스 내의 이산화황 농도, C_in[ppm]을 370, 400, 460 그리고 550 ppm으로 변동시키며 운전하였을 때, 탈황 흡수탑 내부 적정 슬러리 pH는 4.4, 4.5, 4.8 그리고 5.1이었다. 따라서, 이산화 황과 적정 슬러리 pH를 이용하여 도출된 상관관계식 R_pH=0.004×C_in+2.93을 이용하여 운전하는 것을 추천한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2010

The Sulfur-Iodine (SI) thermochemical hydrogen production process of a closed cycle consists of three sections, which are so called the Bunsen reaction section, the $H_2SO_4$ decomposition section and the HI decomposition section. To identify the role of oxygen that can be supplied to the Bunsen reaction section via the $H_2SO_4$ decomposition section, Bunsen reactions with a $SO_2,\;SO_2-O_2$ mixture and $SO_2-N_2$ mixture as feed gases were carried out using a stirred reactor in the presence of $I_2/H_2O$ mixture. As the results, the amounts of $I_2$ unreacted under the feed of mixture gases were higher than those under the feed of $SO_2$ gas only, and the amount of HI produced was relatively decreased. The results of Bunsen reaction using $SO_2-O_2$ mixture were similar to those using $SO_2-N_2$ mixture. It may be concluded that an oxygen in $SO_2-O_2$ mixture has a role as a carrier gas like a nitrogen in $SO_2-N_2$ mixture. The effects of oxygen were decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen content in $SO_2-O_2$ mixture.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

GTL(Gas-to-Liquids) fuel technology was converted from the natural gas, coal and biomass into the diesel or kerosene by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis. GTL fuel have very good merits on high cetane number, low density, free sulfur, lower aromatics contents and no poly-aromatic hydrocarbons as well as the autoignition characteristics. These physical properties make it valuable as a diesel fuel with lower emissions than the conventional diesel fuel. Furthermore, GTL fuel can be use not to the engine any modification. Therefore, to evaluate emissions of GTL fuel, the tested diesel vehicles were fueled on blends of GTL fuel/ultra low sulfur diesel fuel(ULSD). And then, we found out that GTL fuel reduced regulated emissions(CO, NOx, HC, PM) compare with conventional diesel fuel.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.890-897
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• 2021

최근 선박용 연료유에 대한 황 함유량 규제를 준수하기 위해 저유황유의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 저유황유를 공급하는 시기, 지역, 회사 별로 그 품질이 상이함에 따라 선내 연료유 저장탱크에서는 과도한 슬러지가 발생하는 등 혼합 안정성에 대한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 초음파의 캐비테이션 현상을 이용하여 저유황유의 품질 향상을 하고자 하였다. 선내 저장 탱크에서 이종의 연료유가 혼합되는 상황을 모사하기 위해 두 가지 종류의 저유황유(황 함유량 0.5 % 이하 MGO, MDO)를 혼합하여 시료유로 사용하였다. 원료유와 50 wt.% 씩 혼합한 시료유를 120분 동안 초음파 처리하였으며, 40분 주기로 채취된 샘플은 GC/MS 분석을 수행하여 초음파 조사 시간에 따른 시료유의 조성 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초음파의 캐비테이션 효과로 인하여 화학결합이 깨지면서 MGO 내 존재하는 고분자량 화합물의 감소와 저분자량의 화합물 증가가 관찰되었다. MDO와 혼합유의 경우, 초음파 조사 후 저분자 화합물에 대한 상대 존재비의 부분적 증가가 관찰되었지만 시간과 상대 존재비 사이의 상관관계는 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.355-360
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• 1997

The atmospheric concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS), known as the predominant volatile organic. sulfur compound, is determined at subnanogram level by a combined application of non-cryogenic preconcentration method and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC/FPD). The volatile DMS in air is preconcentrated using a trapping tube containing adsorbent like Molecular Sieve 5A (or gold-coated sands). The tube is then connected to the GC/FPD system via a six-way rotary valve, thermally desorbed at 40$0^{\circ}C$, separated on OV101 column, and detected by a flame photometric detector. The DMS peak elutes at about 2.5 mins and is integrated electronically. The analytical precision, if expressed in terms of relative standard error, is around 5%. The detection limit of our GC/FPD system is ca 1 ng of DMS. Details of our analytical system are presented.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.209-212
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• 2000

As a bench-scale study, transformation of nitrate to nitrogen gas under anoxic condition was determined by using autotrophic denitrifiers containing Thiobacillus denitrificans and elemental sulfur as an electron donor. The research objective is to measure the basic kinetic parameters of autotrophic denitrification reaction on the removal efficiency of nitrate. The results showed that nitrate was almost completely transformed to nitrite in the first 4 days of column operation. After 2 days of accumulation of nitrite, its concentration slowly decreased and the compound was detected less than 0.5 mg/L in 14 days. In the experiment, sulfate concentration in the effluent was the 70~90 mg-S/L and the pH was maintained around pH 7.5. When nitrate concentration of bank filtrate in the real field is considered, this sulfate concentration seems to be acceptable. At 17 cm from the bottom of the column, the effluent showed the highest nitrite concentration, and nitrate concentration decreased rapidly to the Point of 33 cm from the bottom. The results suggest that an appropriate thickness of permeable reactive barriers is about 30 cm.