• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1978

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the bioavailability of sulfadimethoxine in pathological rats and rabbits pretreated with carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride. The results are as follows: The absorption of sulfadimethoxine was decreased in rats damaged liver and kidney as compared with that of normal rats. Especially, absorption of sulfadimethoxine in rats damaged liver was more decreased than that of rats damaged kidney. Blood level of sulfadimethoxine administered orally was mostly decreased significantly in rabbits damaged kidney and liver, and in rabbits severely damaged kidney the blood level of sulfadimethoxine was not significant at 4 to 6 hours. Urinary clearance of sulfadimethoxine in rabbits severely damaged kidney was inhibited at 5 to 6 hours. but in rabbit damaged liver. Hepatic clearance of sulfadimethoxine was accelerated in rabbits damaged kidney but in rabbits damaged liver. Protein binding percentage of sulfadimethoxine was not affected by the various concentration of carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1974

The effort of proteolytic enzyme on the absorption and excretion of sulfadimethoxine are investigated in this paper. The rat small intestinal absortion of sulfadimethoxine in the presence of proteolytic enzymes such as chymotrypsin and trypsin are increasingly absorbed more than 20% during 3 hours. Blood levels of sulfadimethoxine following oral administration are not effected by proteolytic enzyme, but both on the high concentration of chymotrypsin and the low concentration of trypsin at only 3 and 4 hours are increased(P<0.05) from that of the control . Blood levels of sulfadimethoxine after duodenum injection are remakably enhensed to correspand to 18.5-25.0% (P<0.01) by the proteolytic enzyme concentration respectively. Proteolytic enzymes did not give influence on excretions of sulfadimethoxine after duodenum and oral administration.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1976

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of ethanol on the absorption, excretion and protein binding of sulfadimethoxine from the small intestine of the rat and rabbit. The results are as follows: 1. The rat small intestinal absorption of sulfadimethoxine was increased by 0.5% and 2% ethanol. 2. Blood level of sulfadimethoxine after oral administration was significantly elevated (p<0.01) by 0.5g/kg and 1g/kg ethanol respectively, but was significantly inhibited by 3g/kg ethanol from that of the control. 3. Ethanol gave the effect on the clearance of sulfadimethoxine, which was increased by ethanol from that of control. 4. In the protein binding rate, it was found that ethanol decreased protein binding of sulfadimethoxine except 0.1% and 0.5% ethanol.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

In order to know the depletive changes of sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline residues in se겨m of dairy cattle intramusculally administered with sulfadimethoxine sodium(SDS) and oxytetracycline(OTC), the concentration of sulfadimethoxine and oxyteracycline was measured in serum of dairy cattle with using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). SDS and OTC was intramuscularlly administrated to dairy cattle at the rate of 10mg/kg(SDS) and 10mg/kg(OTC) body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) once to four dairy cattle. There were investigated the depletive changes of the sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline in serum of dairy cattle at the time 2, 4, 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day after administration SMS and OTC, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. After intramuscularlly administration of the SMS, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed were showed 33.964 $\pm$ 4.435ppm at the 4 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfadimethoxine sodium. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfadimethoxine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 6.596 $\pm$ 3.402 ppm at 1st day, 0.217 $\pm$ 0.119 ppm at 3rd day and 0.057 $\pm$ 0.032 ppm at 4th day, respectively. 2. The mean residual concentration of OTC in serum according to the time lapsed after intramuscularly administration OTC were showed 0.743 $\pm$ 0.368ppm at the 8 hours. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the mean concentrations of OTC residues in serum of dairy cattle were significantly(p<.05) decreased such as 0.057 $\pm$ 0.047ppm at 3rd day and 0.039 $\pm$ 0.016ppm at the 5th day, respectively. In conclusion, this study could be suggested the relationship between administrated period, sulfonamides and tetracycline residual aspects in serum, and the importance of observing ceasing period of antibiotic drugs before forwarding livestocks to slaughter, Thus, this results would be able to be used the basic index for prevention of sulfonamides and tetracycline residues in dairy breedings.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2000

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to screen residues of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in edible animal products. An indirect competitive ELISA was allowed to compete with rabbit anti-SDM for binding to a limited amount of SDM-gelatin conjugate and SDM in serum samples. Sera was diluted 20 times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and boiled for 5 minutes to destruct immunoglobulins of serum. Detection limit of this competitive ELISA for SDM was 0.1 ppb or less. Among eight sulfonamide analogues tested for specifity, only sulfamonomethoxine showed significant cross-reaction in the assay. The EC-50 value for sulfamonomethoxine was 3.5 ppm. Recovery of SDM in spiked serum samples between 100 ppb and 500 ppb ranged from 110.7% to 128.9%.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2003

pH- and temperature-sensitive bifunctional hydrogels composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAAm) and a sulfadimethoxine monomer (SDM) derived from sulfadimethoxine were prepared. These hydrogels exhibit simultaneous pH- and temperature-induced volume-phase transitions. The pH-induced volume-phase transition behavior is produced by the ionization/deionization of SDM and is very sharp. In the high pH region, the ionization of SDM induces swelling of the hydrogels. In the low pH region, the deionization of SDM induces deswelling of the hydrogels. The temperature-induced volume-phase transition behavior of the bifunctional hydrogels exhibits negative thermosensitivity because of the NiPAAm component. The hydrogels swell even at low pH as the temperature decreases. The hydrogels swell at low temperature and high pH, and deswell at high temperature and low pH. The volume of the hydrogels dependl on the balance of the swelling and deswelling produced by the two competing stimuli, pH and temperature.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2001

This study was carried out to identify causative agents from california mastitis test(CMT) positive mastitic milk, and to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 heads in Seongju and Chilgok area of Gyeongbuk province. Sulfadimethoxine sodium(SMS) was intramuscularly administered once to four mastitis Infected dairy cattle at the rate of 10mg/kg body weight. After injection of SMS, the depletion rate of serum and milk from the cattle were periodically measured for five days. The CMT positive number from 50 heads showed 46% and that of 200 quarters was 47(23.5%). From 39 quarters of 47 heads 39 different microorganisms were identified. These organisms were classified into 12 species : Staphylococcus aureus 8(20.5%), Sta hemolyticus 6(15.4%), Streptococcus bovis 4(10.3%), Sta hyicus 3(7.7%), Sta epidemidis. Sta xylosus, Sta sciuri 2(5.1%), Str agalactiae 2(5.1%), Escherichia coli(10.3%), three Enterobacter cloacae(7.7%), two Ent aerogenes(5.1%) and one Salmonella spp(2.6%). As the results of antibiotic susceptibility test, gentamicin(Gm, 11 species 27 strains, 69.5%), cephalotin(Cf, 9 species 24 strains, 61.5%), sulfamethoxazole(Stx, 8 species 14 strains, 43.6%), tetracycline(Tc, 8 species 14 strains, 35.9%), and streptomycin(Sm), lincomycin(Lm), cefoperazon(Cp) and penicillin(Pc) have a highly resistance(7.7% ～5.1%). However, carbenicillin (Cb), amikacin(Ah) have no susceptible for all drugs. The mean residual concentration of SMS in serum according to the time lapsed were showed 33.964 $\pm$ 4.435ppm at the 4 hours after intramuscularly injection(AII). It was significantly(p<.05) decreased to 6.596 $\pm$ 3.402, 0.217 $\pm$ 0.119 and 0.005 $\pm$ 0.004ppm at the 1st, 3rd and 5th day AII. The mean concentration of SMS in milk was significantly(p<.05) decreased from 0.920 $\pm$ 0.42ppm to 0.084 $\pm$ 0.016ppm between 8 hours and 1 day AII. As the results of this experiments, sulfadimethoxine was residued at the level of no less than 0.01ppm in milk on the 2nd day AII. Thus, this results would be able to be used the basic index for prevention of sulfonamides residue in milk after treatment of dairy mastitis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2003

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a central nervous system stimulant, is contained in various foods, beverages and over-the-counter medications. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) is one of the anti-thyroid agents and induces proliferation of thyroid capsule in two stage thyroid carcinogenesis model using N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN). In this study, we examined the effect of caffeine on fibrous proliferation of thyroid capsule in DHPN and SDM-treated rats. Five-week-old male F344 rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of DHPN (2,800 mg/kg, body weight). Starting one week thereafter, SDM (1,000 ppm in drinking water) with or without caffeine (1,500 ppm in diet) was administered for 12 weeks. All animals were autopsied and histopathological examination of the thyroid glands was performed. Thyroid follicular proliferative changes were induced in all rats treated with DHPN+SDM. In addition, the proliferation of perithyroidal fibrous tissue and pleomorphic thyroid follicular cells within the capsule were observed in DHPN+SDM treated group. Caffeine would not be related to these lesions in this experimental condition. although pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, has an anti fibrotic effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1994

1992년 6월부터 1993년 6월에 걸쳐 본원에 의뢰된 전라남도 내에서 유통된 쇠고기 30건, 닭고기 15건과 도축장에서 임의로 채취한 돼지고기 10건, 돼지신장 10건에 대해 HPLC법을 이용하여 설파제 잔류농도와 회수율을 분석하였다. 식육중 설파제 첨가 회수율은 sulfamerazine 71.7%, sulfamethazine 80.3%, sulfamonomethoxine 71.6%, sulfadimethoxine 70.9, sulfaquinoxaline 68.4%로 나타났으며 설파제 첨가 농도에 따른 회수율의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 총 65건중 국내잔류허용 기준치인 0.1 ppm을 초과한 경우는 한건도 없었으며, 일본 허용기준치인 0.005 ppm을 초과한 경우는 닭고기 2건(sulfamerazine 0.077 ppm, sulfamethazine 0.075 ppm)과 돼지신장 1건(sulfadimethoxine 0.052 ppm)으로 총 3건(4.6%)이었으며, 돼지고기에서는 검출되지 않았거나 극미량(<0.005 ppm) 검출된 경우라도 신장에서는 고기에서보다 높은 농도로 검출되어 고기보다 신장의 잔류농도가 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

설파디메톡신(sulfadimethoxine, SDM)을 넙치(평균 체중 $100{\pm}20$ g, $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$)에 대하여 400 mg/kg의 농도로 1회 경구 투여한 다음, 혈장과 간에서 시간 경과에 따른 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. SDM을 넙치의 조직에 2~50 ppm의 농도가 되도록 첨가한 결과, 평균 회수율은 혈장에서 92.24~93.62%, 간에서 88.34~91.90%의 범위로 나타났으며, 이 분석법의 검출한계는 0.05 ppm이었다. SDM은 투여한 후, 1시간 째에 혈액($402.64{\pm}59.66{\mu}g/ml$)과 간($238.18{\pm}54.00{\mu}g/ml$)에서 모두 최고농도로 분포하였다. 이후 SDM은 빠른 속도로 배설되었으며, 480시간째는 혈장과 간에서 검출되지 않았다.