• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 2021

Background: In clinical practice, active knee extension (AKE) test has been widely used to measure hamstring flexibility. During the AKE test, the knee extension is repeated six times. The first five repetitions are considered as warm-up, and the sixth is used as baseline. In order to accurately measure the subject's inherent flexibility, warm-up trials have been proposed as mentioned above; but currently, the evidence is insufficient. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three healthy adults participated in this study. The AKE was performed slowly after flexing the hip and knee joints by 90° in a supine position. The knee was extended as far as could be done without causing discomfort or pain. When reaching the end range, knee flexion was performed without stopping. As per standard protocol, the subjects performed the knee extension six times. Results: There was no significant difference between the AKE value in the first trial with those in the other five trials. During the repetitions, the average value in the group with higher flexibility tended to decrease and the Intraclass correlation coefficient gradually decreased. Conclusion: Successive repetitions of the AKE test can misrepresent an individual's inherent hamstring flexibility. In order to avoid a decrease in hamstring flexibility, it is strongly recommended that individuals with high initial hamstring flexibility avoid unnecessary repetitions of the AKE test.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.283-287
• /
• 2007

An extension of the contraction mapping theorem is provided in a Banach space setting to approximate fixed points of operator equations. Our approach is justified by numerical examples where our results apply whereas the classical contraction mapping principle cannot.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.534-538
• /
• 2011

One of the problems for cultivating crops in the mountainous highland is soil erosion and nutrients runoff. Alternative cropping ways were searched to reduce soil erosion and to ensure farm income in the mountainous highland agricultural region. Three edible wild plants including goatsbeard, Korean thistle, and aster, were selected to test as alternative crops to reduce soil erosion in mountain agriculture of highland area. In the first year, the soil losses from the alternative cropping were 26 to 63 percents of the soil loss from summer radish cultivated by conservation tillage with contour and plastic film mulching. The relative soil losses in the second year ranged from 2.8 to 5.5 percents in comparison with radish cultivation. Rapid surface coverage contributed to successive soil loss protection by these alternative crops. Farm net profit of these crops was greater than that of radish. Monitoring of yields of Korean thistle or aster for further experiments, however, might be necessary for economic cultivation due to yield reduction caused by consecutive production.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제35권2A호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2010

Random Unitary Beamforming (RUB) 은 다중사용자 다중안테나 broadcast 채널에서 매우 간단하면서도 실제적인 전송 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 RUB의 형태를 확장시켜 공간다중화 이득을 얻을 수 있는 방법에 대해 고려하였다. 즉 수신기가 2개의 안테나를 가짐으로써 더 많은 데이터를 가지는 방법을 고려하였다. 이를 위해 송신기와 수신기의 새로운 코드북을 제안하고, 수신기에서 Minimum Mean Square Error Successive Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC) 기법을 사용함으로써 총 전송율이 증가함을 모의실험 결과를 통해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
• /
• 제4권5_6호
• /
• pp.233-247
• /
• 2022

This manuscript addressed, the existence and uniqueness result for random impulsive stochastic functional differential equations with finite time delays. The study of random impulsive stochastic system is a new area of research. We interpret the meaning of a stochastic derivative and how it differs from the classical derivative. We prove the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to the equations by using the successive approximation method. We conclude the article with some interesting future extension. This work extends the work of [18, 12, 20]. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the theoretical result.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제34권9호
• /
• pp.785-796
• /
• 2007

객체지향 시스템의 객체들은 서브타입과 수퍼타입의 관계로 구성될 수 있다. 즉 서브타입은 수퍼타입의 구조와 행위를 상속하고 특화하는 방식의 계층적 구조를 가진다. 기존 시스템의 확장과 진화를 가능케 하기 위해서 수퍼타입과 서브타입간의 행위적 호환성은 둘 간의 대체가능성을 위하여 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 객체의 동적 행위를 기술하는 범용적인 표현 방법 중 하나인 유한상태기계로 표현된 객체의 동적 행위를 바탕으로 객체간의 행위적 호환성을 검사할 수 있는 기법인 메소드 규칙을 확장한 연속 메소드 규칙을 제시한다. 연속 메소드 규칙은 기존의 메소드 규칙(methods rule)을 바탕으로 두 객체의 자취를 조사함으로써 두 객체가 행위적 호환성이 있음을 보장한다. 또한 연속 메소드 규칙을 이용하여 행위적 호환성을 검증할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.1377-1385
• /
• 2008

The uracil-sensing domain in archaeal family B-type DNA polymerases recognizes pro-mutagenic uracils in the DNA template, leading to stalling of DNA polymerases. Here, we describe our new findings regarding the molecular, mechanism underpinning the stalling of polymerases. We observed that two successive deaminated bases were required to stall TNA1 and KOD1 DNA polymerases, whereas a single deaminated base was enough for stalling Pfu DNA polymerase, in spite of the virtually identical uracil-sensing domains. TNA1 and KOD1 DNA polymerases have a much higher extension rate than Pfu DNA polymerase; decreasing the extension rate resulted in stalling by TNA1 and KOD1 DNA polymerases at a single deaminated base. These results strongly suggest that these polymerases require two factors to stop DNA polymerization at a single deaminated base: the presence of the uracil-sensing domain and a relatively slow extension rate.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2011

Urea intercalated into montmorillonite (MT) exhibits remarkably enhanced N use efficiency, maintaining its fast effectiveness. This study dealt with the release property of urea from metal-urea-clay hybrid with MT (MUCH) under continuous-flow conditions and the cumulative impacts of its successive application on physicochemical properties of soils. Releases of urea were completed within 4 hrs under continuous-flow condition regardless of the types and the leaching solutions. However, urea release property was significantly affected by both the form of fertilizer and the presence of electrolytes in solution. The fast release property of urea from MUCH in continuous-flow condition was not significantly affected by soil properties such as soil pH and soil texture. In addition, its successive application did not lead to any noticeable change in soil physicochemical properties, water stable aggregate rate, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity in both sandy loam and clay loam soils. Therefore, this study strongly supported that urea intercalated into MT could be applied as fast-effective N fertilizer, in particular for additional N supply.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2005

확장체 GF($p^n$)의 구성에서 차수와 다항식 곱셈 방법은 밀접한 관련을 가진다. 기존의 다항식 곱셈 방법인 KO] 및 MSK 방법은 효율적으로 계수-곱셈 연산량을 줄인다. 그러나 이들 방법을 이용하여 확장체 곱셈을 구성할 경우, 일반적으로 해당하는 분할 방법의 배수가 되도록 패딩(Padding)하여 구성하지만 이에 대한 기준이 모호하며 계수-곱셈의 연산량이 최소가 되도록 패딩하는 방법 또한 제안되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 확장체 곱셈을 효율적으로 구성할 수 있는 기본적인 성질과 계수-곱셈의 연산량이 최소가 되는 다항식 차수를 찾는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용하면 기존의 방법을 그대로 적용하여 구성할 때 보다 확장체의 차수가 증가할수록 더 많은 계수-곱셈 연산량을 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 결과는 스마트 카드 등 작은 공간 복잡도를 요구하는 병렬처리 곱셈기에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2012

It depends on the joint configuration, dimensions and constraints of the joint whether the residual stress at the root of single-sided butt weld is tensile or not. Therefore, recommendation is generally made that high R ratio should be used in the fatigue test of welded joint in order to prevent excessively long life caused by compressive residual stress. In this research, the residual stress profile in butt weld joint was obtained through compliance method, using successive extension of a slot and measurement of the variation of strain during the slot extension. The residual stress profile was firstly assumed to be the linear summation of Legendre polynomials up to 9th order excluding 0th and 1st order. Strain variation on the surface was measured while the slot was being extended by cutting to find out the 8 unknown coefficients of each polynomial term. The cut was made by the electric discharge machine. It was concluded that the residual stress near the surface is positive valued, however, it turned into the negative value as soon as it passed through 2 or 3 mm of the depth.