• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7819-7824
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• 2015

Purpose: To subtype breast cancer (BC) in Saudi women according to the recent molecular classification and to correlate these subtypes with available clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2/neu) immunostaining was semi-quantitatively assessed to define molecular subtypes of luminal A and B, HER-2 and triple negative (basal-like) in BC paraffin embedded sections from 115 Saudi female patients diagnosed between 2005 to 2015 at the Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital, Almadinah, Saudi Arabia. Results: The most common subtypes were luminal A (47%), followed by luminal B (27.8%) and basal like subtypes (18.3%), whereas HER-2 was the least common subtype (6.9%). Luminal A was predominantly found in the old age group, with low tumor grade (p<0.001) and small tumor size, whereas HER-2 and basal-like subtypes were significantly associated with young age, high tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion (p<0.03, 0.004, 0.05 and 0.04 respectively). All subtypes showed advanced clinical stage at the time of presentation. Conclusions: Molecular subtypes of Saudi BC patients in Almadinah region are consistent with most of the worldwide subtyping. The biological behaviour of each molecular subtype could be expected based on its characteristic clinicopathological features. Along with other prognostic indicators, molecular subtyping would be helpful in predicting prognosis and management of our BC patients. We recommend screening and early diagnosis of BC in our population.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 2016

귀납법과 코인덕션은 모두 컴퓨터 과학 분야에서 사용되는 중요한 증명 기법이다. 귀납법은 컴퓨터 과학 분야 학부 과정에서 기본적으로 가르치는 기법이며, 상대적으로 잘 알려지고 컴퓨터과학 분야 전반에 걸쳐 잘 쓰이고 있다. 반면에 코인덕션은 귀납법에 비해 많은 사람들에게 다소 어렵고 친숙하지 않은 개념이다. 본 논문에서는 재귀 타입과 합집합 타입을 포함하는 간단한 타입 언어에 대해 서브타입 시스템을 정의하고, 정의한 시스템의 추이성을 증명함으로써 코인덕션에 대해 소개한다. 이를 통해, 코인덕션에 대한 이해도를 높이고, 동시에 재귀 타입과 다양한 타입 요소가 있을 때 서브타입 시스템을 정의하는 방법에 대한 기초를 제공한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1467-1470
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• 2012

We compared rapid fingerprinting using repetitive sequencebased PCR (rep-PCR) for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni isolates to the widely used multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Representative C. jejuni isolates (n = 16) from broilers were analyzed using MLST and rep-PCR. Both techniques demonstrated an equal discriminatory power of 0.8917, and 9 subgroups were identified. Clonal identification of all 16 isolates was identical for both techniques. The rep-PCR as described in this study may be used as a rapid and cost-effective alternative for subtyping of C. jejuni isolates, or as an effective screening tool in large epidemiological studies.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.169-188
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• 2020

Salmonella spp. is the most common cause of gastrointestinal food poisoning worldwide, and human salmonellosis is mostly caused by the consumption of contaminated food. Therefore, the development of rapid detection methods for Salmoenlla spp. and rapid identification of the source of infection by subtyping are important for the surveillance and monitoring of food-borne salmonellosis. Therefore, this review introduces (1) History and nomenclature of Salmoenlla spp., (2) Epidemiology of Salmoenlla spp., (3) Detection methods for Salmoenlla spp. - conventional culture method, genetic detection method, molecular detection methods, and aptamer, and (4) Subtyping methods for Salmoenlla spp. - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

Pullorum disease due to Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica bioserovar Pullorum (S. pullorum) is reported to be an endemic disease in domestic poultry flocks. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping method was used to assess the extent of genetic diversity and clonality of most of salmonella serotypes and other diverse bacterial species from animals and environmental samples in worldwide. Nowadays, PFGE has already been evaluated as a gold standards for molecular subtyping of salmonella serotypes compared with other molecular analysis methods. PFGE of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA from 23 strains of S. pullorum gave 5 distinctive pulsotypes (from SXPI to SXPV) with 5% confidence range of Dice coefficients, indicating that PFGE is very discriminative and that multiple clones of S. pullorum have been existed and diffused all of domestic poultry flocks industries since 1995. Two dominant pulsogroups (SXA & SXB) appeared as a major clones in this country, because they had consistently been recovered from diverse sources including both chicken organs and raw feed materials between 1995 and 1998. In addition, the matching percentage of PFGE profiles (PFP) among strains from both chickens and feed ingredients provides indirect evidence of the possible transmission of pullorum disease from contaminated raw feed ingredients for chicken production. In calculating of discrimination index (DI) for PFGE method by Simpson's index, DI was appeared as 0.917. Therefore, this index suggested that the present PFGE would seem to be a desirable and confident molecular typing method for S. pullorum strains. To our knowledge for pullorum disease, this is the first study to compare S. pullorum strains from chicken organs and feed samples using the PFGE.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2009

CDISC 컨소시엄에서는 임상시험에서의 비효율적인 데이터 처리 과정을 개선하기 위해, 플랫폼에 독립적인 임상시험 데이터 표준을 정의하였다. 그러나, CDISC 표준은 여러 나라의 여러 기관이 함께 참여하는 다국가 임상시험에서 발생하는 임상시험 데이터를 다국어로 표현하는 방법에 많은 제약을 갖고 있다. 특히, CDISC가 제정한 표준 중 임상시험 데이터의 콘텐츠 및 포맷에 해당하는 SDTM(Study Data Tabulation Model)과 ODM(Operational Data Model)에서의 다국어 지원이 매우 미비하다. 본 논문은 CDISC의 SDTM과 ODM에서의 언어 설정에 대한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, SDTM과 ODM 표준의 확장을 제안한다. 이를 위해 SDTM에서는 다국어 지원을 위한 새로운 도메인을 설계하였고, ODM에서는 ODM의 확장 스키마를 서브타이핑 방법으로 구현하였다. 확장 SDTM과 ODM을 기반으로 임상시험 데이터를 처리하면, 다국가 임상시험이 수행되는 경우 다국어로 표현된 임상시험 데이터도 효율적으로 처리할 수 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2019

Blastocystis is one of the most commonly detected genera of protozoan parasites in the human intestines as well as the intestines of many other species such as pigs in several geographical regions worldwide. However, no studies have examined Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. In this study, PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis using pig fecal samples. We obtained 646 stool samples from groups of piglets, weaners, growers, finishers, and sows in Korea. A total of 390 Blastocystis-positive samples were identified, and the infection rate was 60.4%. The infection rates were significantly related to age and region. The 4 subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis confirmed by phylogenetic analysis were ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5, indicating the high genetic diversity of Blastocystis in Korean pigs. ST5 was highly distributed in Korean pigs among detected STs in this study. Some sequences were closely related to those of Blastocystis isolated from humans. This is the first study of Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. Based on the results, Blastocystis is prevalent in Korean pigs. Although a small number of samples were obtained in some areas, the clinical development of Blastocystis infection in pigs and potential for human transmission should be further examined.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.1 (B)
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• pp.10-12
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• 2003

Since building large-scale software is usually bi9 burden to most developers, it has been an important issue for many researchers. In this paper, we suggest a mechanism that can be used to support such large-scale development. Through composition rules via subtyping within Statecharts, incremental construction of software can be achieved. Among the composition rules (i.e. delegation rule and mixin rule), we mainly focus on the delegation rule in our work. Not only we can check the subtype property. but also can verify the behavior compatibility of composite results that are available by composition rules. This new mechanism is helpful for analysts as well as designers, and it can be used as a guideline for incremental and compatible construction of component based software.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1999

Enteropathogenic Yersina enterocolitica is an important cause of human and animal disease. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics currently used to identify Yersinia enterocolitica are not necessarily sufficient to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains or to analyze the epidemiology of yersiniae at a molecular level. To improve the characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica, A total of 65 isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica were examined with bioserotyping, antibiotic susceptibilities, PFGE, PCR-ribotyping. Genomic DNA pattern generated by PFGE are highly specific for different strains of an organism and have significant value in epidemiologic investigations. The PFGE analysis of Not I-digested chromosomal DNA of Y. enterocolitica were performed with a CHEF Mapper(Bio-Rad, USA). Not I generated 19 restriction endonuclease digestion profiles(REDP). PCR-ribotyping, performed with primers complementry to conserved regions of 16S and 23S rRNA gene, generated 13 ribotypes. PCR-ribotyping can be considered a good technich for subtyping strains of Y.enterocolitica.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

Multi-omics approaches are novel frameworks that integrate multiple omics datasets generated from the same patients to better understand the molecular and clinical features of cancers. A wide range of emerging omics and multi-view clustering algorithms now provide unprecedented opportunities to further classify cancers into subtypes, improve the survival prediction and therapeutic outcome of these subtypes, and understand key pathophysiological processes through different molecular layers. In this review, we overview the concept and rationale of multi-omics approaches in cancer research. We also introduce recent advances in the development of multi-omics algorithms and integration methods for multiple-layered datasets from cancer patients. Finally, we summarize the latest findings from large-scale multi-omics studies of various cancers and their implications for patient subtyping and drug development.