• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

This work reports a facile and effective antibacterial coating for oxide substrates. As a coating material, a random copolymer, abbreviated as poly(TMSMA-r-PEGMA), was synthesized by radical polymerization of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA). Polymeric self-assembled monolayers of poly(TMSMA-r-PEGMA) were formed on various inorganic oxide substrates, including silicon oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and glass, via the simple dip-coating process. The polymer-coated substrates were characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bacterial adhesion on the polymer-coated substrates was completely suppressed compared to that on the uncoated substrates.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.608-613
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• 2010

Electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFC) is greatly affected by the kind of feed substrates because substrates would change microbial community of electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) able to transfer electrons to electrode. The effect of different substrates on electricity generation and microbial community of MFC was investigated. Two-chamber MFCs fed with acetate (A-MFC), butyrate (B-MFC), propionate (P-MFC), glucose (G-MFC) and a mixture (M-MFC) of the 4 substrates (acetate : butyrate : propionate : glucose = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 as $COD_{Cr}$ base) were operated under continuous mode. The maximum power density was found from the M-MFC ($190W/m^3$) which showed the lowest internal resistance ($89{\Omega}$). The maximum power densities of the pure substrates feed MFCs were in order of A-MFC ($25W/m^3$), P-MFC ($21W/m^3$), B-MFC ($20W/m^3$) and G-MFC ($9W/m^3$). In DGGE analysis, the microbial community structure in suspension was quite different from each others depending on feed substrates, while the community structure in the biofilm was relatively similar regardless of the substrates. This result suggests that the feed substrates would affect the microbial community of suspended growth bacteria than attached growth bacteria resulting in difference of electricity generation in MFCs.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 2012

Spent mushroom substrates is composted organic material remaining after a crop of mushroom is harvested. The raw materials of mushroom substrates are same feed ingredient as corncobs, rice brown, wheat brown, cotton seeds and beet pulp. During the mushroom cultivation process, the mushroom substrates was used 15-25% by mushroom and 75-85% of mushroom substrates was remained in the SMS. Among of the spent mushroom substrates, spent mushroom substrates of pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammuliua velutipes is can be use the energy feedstock of animal feed. The cellulose content of spent mushroom(pleurotus eryngii) substrates containing the sawdust was high and total digestible nutrients (TDN) values was low. The spent mushroom(pleurotus eryngii) substrates fermented with cellulase and xylanase producing bacteria is may be used as an ingredient of feed in TMR for Hanwoo steer.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.570-576
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• 2018

Background/Aims Swallows with viscous or solid boluses in different body positions alter esophageal manometry patterns. Limitations of previous studies include lack of standardized viscous substrates and the need for chewing prior to swallowing solid boluses. We hypothesize that high-resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) using standardized viscous and super-viscous swallows in supine and upright positions improves sensitivity for detecting esophageal motility abnormalities when compared with traditional saline swallows. To establish normative values for these novel substrates, we recruited healthy volunteers and performed HRiM. Methods Standardized viscous and super-viscous substrates were prepared using "Thick-It" food thickener and a rotational viscometer. All swallows were administered in 5-mL increments in both supine and upright positions. HRiM metrics and impedance (bolus transit) were calculated. We used a paired two-tailed t test to compare all metrics by position and substrate. Results The 5-g, 7-g, and 10-g substrates measured 5000, 36 200, and 64 $700mPa{\cdot}sec$, respectively. In 18 volunteers, we observed that the integrated relaxation pressure was lower when upright than when supine for all substrates (P < 0.01). The 10-g substrate significantly increased integrated relaxation pressure when compared to saline in the supine position (P < 0.01). Substrates and positions also affected distal contractile integral, distal latency, and impedance values. Conclusions We examined HRiM values using novel standardized viscous and super-viscous substrates in healthy subjects for both supine and upright positions. We found that viscosity and position affected HRiM Chicago metrics and have potential to increase the sensitivity of esophageal manometry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.56-62
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• 2019

The high-precision laser scriber carries out scribing alumina ceramic substrates for manufacturing ultra-small chip resistors. The ceramic substrates are loaded, aligned, scribed, transferred, and unloaded. The entire process is fully automated, thereby minimizing the scribing cycle time of the ceramic substrates and improving the throughput. The scriber consists of the laser optical system, pick-up module of ceramic substrates, pre-alignment module, TH axis drive work table, automation module for substrate loading / unloading, and high-speed scribing control S/W. The loader / unloader unit, which has the greatest influence on the scribing cycle time of the substrates, carries the substrates to the work table that carries out the cutting line work by driving the X and Y axes as well as by adsorbing the ceramic substrates. The loader / unloader unit consists of the magazine up / down part, X-axis drive part for conveying the substrates to the left and right direction, and the vision part for detecting the edge of the substrate for the primary pre-alignment of the substrates. In this paper, the laser scribing machining simulation is performed by applying the instrument mechanism of each component module. Through this study, the scribing machining process is first verified by analyzing the process operation and work area of each module in advance. In addition, the scribing machining process is optimized by comparing and analyzing the scribing cycle time of one ceramic substrate according to the alignment stage module speed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1560-1568
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, nutrient characteristics, ruminal solubility, degradability and disappearance of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates for ruminants. The annual yield of spent Agaricus bisporus substrates was measured to be about 210,000 tons (M/T) in South Korea. The surface soil-removed spent substrates had nutritional characteristics of high crude ash (375 g/kg) and Ca (32 g/kg), medium protein (134 g/kg CP), and high fiber (384 g/kg NDF on a DM basis). Compared with initial mushroom substrates, spent mushroom substrates had twice higher (p<0.0001) CP content and 22.0% lower (p<0.0001) NDF content on an organic matter basis. Compared with raw rice straw, spent rice straw had much higher (p<0.05) predicted ruminal degradabilities and disappearances of DM and CP and a little lower (p<0.05) predicted degradability and disappearance of NDF. In conclusion, the general feed-nutritional value of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates appeared to improve after cultivation of mushrooms.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2007

Four kinds of mirror substrates with same surface roughness were fabricated. On those substrates, a dielectric multi-layer coating with high reflectivity was deposited by ion beam sputtering technique. Most of the fused silica mirrors showed lower scattering than the ZERODUR mirrors one, which deposited on substrates similar in surface roughness. The ZERODUR mirrors scattering strongly depend on the micro-structure of $Ta_2O_5/SiO_2$ thin films wear deposited on ZERODUR substrates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

We investigated the effect of different media components on the characteristics and productivity of Lentinula edodes cultivated in sawdust. Ten substrates were used for this study. Soybean and cotton seed meal were unsuitable substrates as fungal mycelia did not grow to maturity during the incubation period. Lentinula edodes (NIFoS culture number 2462) was grown on the ten substrates, and soybean hull, mixed medium, cotton seed hull and corn grain showed greater effect on the productivity than wheat bran. However, wheat bran induced higher productivity in NIFoS 2778 than the other substrates. Sawdust medium with soybean meal produced smaller fruiting bodies than the other substrates. In contrast, corn meal media produced larger mushrooms than the other substrates. The external characteristics of the mushrooms varied based on the substrates upon which they were grown. This is not surprising given that the substrates differed with respect to carbohydrate and protein content, e.g., cotton seed and soybean meal contained a higher crude protein and crude ash than the other substrates tested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.223-223
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• 2012

Surface engineering plays a significant role in fabricating highly functionalized materials applicable to industrial and biomedical fields. Surface wrinkles and folds formed by ion beam or plasma treatment are buckling-induced patterns and controlled formation of those patterns has recently gained considerable attention as a way of creating well-defined surface topographies for a wide range of applications. Surface wrinkles and folds can be observed when a stiff thin layer attached to a compliant substrate undergoes compression and plasma treatment is one of the techniques that can form stiff thin layers on compliant polymeric substrates, such as poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Here, we report two effective methods using plasma modification techniques for controlling the formation of surface wrinkles and folds on flat or patterned PDMS substrates. First, we show a method of creating wrinkled diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on grooved PDMS substrates. Grooved PDMS substrates fabricated by a molding method using a grooved master prepared by photolithography and a dry etching process were treated with argon plasma and subsequently coated with DLC film, which resulted in the formation of wrinkled DLC film aligning perpendicular to the steps of the pre-patterned ridges. The wavelength and the amplitude of the wrinkled DLC film exhibited variation in the submicron- to micron-scale range according to the duration of argon plasma pre-treatment. Second, we present a method for controlled formation of folds on flat PDMS substrates treated with oxygen plasma under large compressive strains. Flat PDMS substrates were strained uniaxially and then treated with oxygen plasma, resulting in the formation of surface wrinkles at smaller strain levels, which evolved into surface folds at larger strain levels. Our results demonstrate that we can control the formation and evolution of surface folds simply by controlling the pre-strain applied to the substrates and/or the duration of oxygen plasma treatment.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.973-974
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• 2004

We report the fabrication of flexible plastic ITO substrates and the measurement of oxidant permeation through the substrates. The plastic ITO substrates are composed of multiple organic and inorganic thin films. The organic thin films are deposited by vapor polymerization and the inorganic films are deposited by ion beam sputtering. In order to estimate the oxidant permeation rate, the pure Ca film is formed on the substrates and the amount of CaO produced by the oxidation of Ca is measured.