• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the self consciousness of one's body cathexis with other people's. The sample subjects were 97 females between 18 and 24 years old. They were measured on November 1999 with the anthropometric measuring, and their front and side photographs were taken. First, we investigated the size recognition of 5 body parts and ready-made clothing, the consciousness of the size of 5 body parts and body proportion for subjects. Second, we organized panel group consisted of 30 females in twenties majoring the Clothing & Textiles. The consciousness of panel group to the subject's body proportion was investigated by using the front and side photographs of subjects, and was compared with self consciousness of subjects. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis and correlation analysis. Most of subjects recognized their status, bustgirth and waistgirth larger than their real size, but they recognized their hipgirth smaller than their real size and their weight similar to their real weight. And subjects were conscious of their status and bustgirth small, their weight, waistgith and hipgirth proper or a little big, and their body proportion normal or a little unbalanced. The self consciousness of one's body cathexis was related to heights of each part especially, and subjects had a tendency to appreciate their body proportion positively if they recognized themselves tall and thin. Upon comparison of the consciousness of subject's body between subjects themselves and panel group, the appreciation of panel group was better than those of subjects themselves. And we also certified the difference of consciousness of one's body cathexis between oneself and other people. The consciousness of other people was related to the size of each body part, but the self consciousness was predicted that it was more related to the psychological factor including satisfaction or preference.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-143
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• 2000

The Survey of Teaching Practice and the Factors of Satisfaction on Teaching Practice in Home economics Education The purpose of this study was to investigate teaching practice and factors on satisfaction of educational practice in home economics education of middle and high school, to provide information for improving educational practice. The subjects were 365 college students who had the educational practice in 1999. A questionnaire was used. The results were as follows: 1. Seventy on point eight percent of the subjects choose their teaching-practice school by themselves, however 25.2% of them was recommended by college. Twenty five point six percent of the subjects satisfied the orientation of the college, but 32.8% of them didn’t. Thirty four point four percent of the subjects indicated the form of practice documents was good, whereas 27.9% of them it needed more improvement. 2. Fifty four point eight percent of the subjects used their own research room. The orientation of teaching-practice school was good(36.4%) but 20.0% of the subjects dissatisfied. Eighty nine percent of the subjects managed the class as vice supervisory teachers, 46^ of them had example instruction, the number of subjects practised at middle school and public school were more than high school and private school respectively. 3. The score of educational expertise of teachers was 3.66 and the teacher educators’was 3.85 The score of educational expertise of the teacher educators who were in college of education(3.87) was higher than in general teacher course(3.77) at p$\leq$0.05 4. The score of educational practice satisfaction in the all subjects was 3.67. The factors to effect the satisfaction of the educational practice were the kind of research room, the orientation plan of the practice school and the management of the class, The score of the educational practice satisfaction was correlated with the score of educational expertise of teachers and teacher educators. and the agrresive attitude to the teaching practice of the teacher educators.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Objectives: Shape of face has relations with body shape and body weight in the Korean medicine. We investigated a correlation between a body mass index (BMI) and Dam-Bangkwang Body of Hyung-Sang medicine. Methods: The subjects were 244 adults aged from 45 to 64. A facial shape diagnostic equipment was used to classify Bangkwang Body or Dam Body. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program to compare the correlation of BMI in each group. Results: We measured BMIs of the subjects who have Dam Body or Bangkwang Body which ranges were $22.53{\pm}2.83$ and $24.43{\pm}2.90$, respectively. The BMIs of Dam body subjects were significantly higher than those of Bangkwang Body subjects statistically (P<0.001). In order to verify our hypothesis, we also speculated BMIs of the obese with a BMI over 25. The BMIs of Bangkwang Body subjects were also higher than those of Dam Body subjects (P=0.001). With the width of the face of all subjects, we found that Bangkwang Body subjects whose the width of the face was relatively long had higher levels of BMI and obesity than Dam Body subjects whose height of the face was relatively long. Conclusions: The BMI of the Bangkwang Body is statistically higher than the Dam Body.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2013

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis (CP) seems to be associated with stress and depression, but little information on this possible association is available in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association among stress, the salivary cortisol level (SCL), and CP. Methods: Seventy systemically healthy subjects were included in the study from January to September 2011. Full medical and dental histories were obtained, and the following measurements were recorded: 1) probing depth; 2) clinical attachment level; 3) bleeding on probing; and 4) tooth mobility. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of SCL (via a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), and all subjects also answered a questionnaire (i.e., the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and one way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer method were performed. Results: A total of 36 subjects with CP (51.4%) and 34 without CP were evaluated. Of them, all of the subjects with CP and one periodontally healthy subject were diagnosed with depression. Subjects with moderate CP had statistically significantly higher levels of SCL than subjects with a diagnosis of slight CP (P=0.006). Also, subjects with severe CP showed the same outcome when compared to those with slight CP (P=0.012). In addition, 46 subjects presented high SCL whereas 24 had a normal level. CP was found to be correlated with the SCL, with an OR of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.43 to 12.01). Conclusions: Subjects with a high SCL and depression may show an increased risk for CP.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.17-37
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• 2017

Purpose: This study describes current curricula for paramedic students in South Korea and proposes a standardization of the curriculum. Methods: Data were collected from 38 colleges and universities from March 1 to 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 23.0. Results: The proposed standard curriculum was below. Requisite liberal arts consisted of 2 subjects and 6 credits including biomedical ethics, communications and human relationships. Common major subjects were composed of 6 areas, 22 subjects, and 78 credits. The areas of basic medicine consisted of 6 subjects and 16 credits including medical terminology. Introduction to paramedicine consisted of 3 subjects and 7 credits. Emergency patient management consisted of 2 subjects and 9 credits. Particulars to paramedic care consisted of 8 subjects and 31 credits. The law area consisted of 1 subject and 3 credits. Other major areas consisted of 2 subjects and 12 credits including integrated simulation and physician assistance. Common field practice area consisted of 3 to 4 subjects and 9 to 12 credits. Conclusion: It is important to establish and adapt a standardized curriculum for paramedic students in order to ensure competence and to provide high quality emergency medical services.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1999

Hypercholesterolemia is a well known major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, now the leading cause of death in Korea. This study was carried out to examine the relationships of hypercholesterolemia(HC$\geq$240 mg/dL) with obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose level in 649 male subjects aged 20-69 in Kwangju, Korea. The mean plasma total cholesterol level was 212${\pm}$43 mg/dL, and 25.3% of the subjects was diagnosed as HC and 39.3% as nomorcholesterolemia(NC〈200 mg/dL). The prevalence of HC seemed to increase with age. The subjects with HC were highly overweighted and had higher body mass index(BMI) than the NC subjects. The incidence of overweight(25$\leq$BMI〈30) and obesity(BMI$\geq$30) among the HC subjects were 44.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. The HC subjects had higher systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) than the NC subjects. The incidence of borderline hypertension (160/95〉SBP/DBP$\geq$140/90) and hypertension(SBP/DBP$\geq$160/95) among the HC subjects were 18.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. However, there was no difference in blood glucose level between the HC and NC subjects. The plasma total cholesterol level had positive relationships with BMI(P〈0.001), weight(P〈0.001), DBP(P〈0.001), SBP(P〈0.01), and age(P〈0.01), whereas inverse relationships with height/weight ratio(P〈0.001), and height(P〈0.01). The relative risks on HC were 1.99 for obesity, 1.53 for overweight, 1.82 for hypertension, 1.44 for borderline hypertension and 1.08 for hyperglycemia. Attributable risks on HC were 0.25 for obesity, 0.11 for overweight, 0.20 for hypertension, 0.10 for borderline hypertension and 0.02 for hyperglycemia. The results indicate that the level of plasma total cholesterol was closely associated with the incidences of obesity and hypertension. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 80-88, 1999)

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2016

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition involving the oral and perioral regions, often characterized by a burning sensation and pain in elderly patients. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of pharmacological agents for the treatment of BMS patients through a retrospective chart review. Methods: We enrolled 61 BMS subjects (57 females, 4 males; $66.4{\pm}10.9$ years of age) from among consecutive patients treated pharmacologically from January 2014 to June 2015 at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital. Patients with secondary BMS associated with local factors were excluded. The treatment period, number of pharmacological agents tried, and effectiveness of the drugs administered to each subject were analyzed. Results: The mean treatment period for the management of BMS was 2.5 months. More than three agents were tried to control BMS symptoms in 17 subjects (27.9%); two agents were used in 10 subjects (16.4%), and a single agent in 24 subjects (39.3%). Clonazepam was prescribed most frequently and was effective at relieving symptoms in 30 of 39 subjects (76.9%). Paroxetine was moderately effective, relieving symptoms in 7 of 17 subjects (41.2%). Some of the subjects benefited from tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, and lipoic acid. A topical local anesthetic used to supplement other systemic agents had ameliorating effects in four of six subjects. Conclusions: Within the study limitations, clonazepam was the most effective drug and antidepressants were efficacious in some subjects for relieving the symptoms of BMS. These pharmacological agents could be considered as first-line drugs for the management of BMS.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.339-358
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate a dietary life style of university student at campus towns and the actual condition of F&B(Food and Beverage) shop. This survey about the dietary was carried out with a variety of questionares about the life style. The subjects are 364 males and 278 females university students in Pusan area. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS Package Program. The summary of the results are as follows : The most of the subjects have a meal in-cam-pus restaurant with rice during daytime. In out-campus popular restaurant is a flouryfood restaurant and the most of subject used to go the restaurant to take a meal more than once for 2~3 days. Although a half of the subjects are satisfied with the restaurant in out-campus. Some of the subjects are unsatisfied with a price of food. A taste is the most popular criteria for selecting food in the restaurant and almost of the subjects take a meal in price 2000~2500won. Cchachangmyun is the most popular with the subject in the flouryfood restaurant, coffee is popular with the subject in the coffee shop. A half of the subjects used to go a hof house to drink, and beer is the most popular liquor with them. More than a half of the subject have a drinking at least more than once for a week in the drinking shop. A half of male subjects are able to drink more than 2,ooocc beer and more than a half of female subjects are able to drink more than 500cc beer. More than a half of the subjects want to new F&B shop to got a new experience.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 1998

This research was carried out to investigate the health condition, eating behavior and nutritional status of female high school students. The survey was conducted from July 5 to July 18, 1996 with 524 first grade students(15 to 17 years old) of H girl's high school using the questionnaire method. The levels of depression and anxiety were measured by CED-S and Spielburger's STAI-S, respectively. In addition, nutrient intakes were estimated by Convenience Method. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mean depression and anxiety scores of the subjects were 22.23 and 26.00, respectively. The proportion of subjects with normal weight(BM) was 72.1%. The perceived health condition of subjects was moderate and 15.1% of subjects were anemic. The subjectiv health symptoms were feeling drowsy, tired eyesight, getting tired easily, catching cold frequently and frequent headache. 2. The irregularity of breakfast was high in the subjects. The problems of the eating behavior were irregular meals, unbalanced diets, excessive meals, skipping meals and food prejudice. Forty-nine percent of subjects had good eating behaviors. 3. The mean energy intake of subjects was 1717Kcal. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats were 62.70%, 13.89% and 23.42%, respectively. The subjects consumed 59.59g of protein, 13.07mg iron, 637.49mg calcium, 553.64 R.E. vitamin A, 0.94mg vitamin B1, 1.08mg vitamin B2, 15.15mg niacin and 49.59mg vitamin C, respectively. Except niacin, other nutrient intakes were less than the Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA), especially, iron. 4. Mother's occupation, subject's pocket money and perceived health condition were negatively correlated with eating behavior, And the depression and anxiety of subjects showed wrong eating behaviors. The effects of socioeconomic variables, depression, anxiety and perceived health condition on the nutrient intake were different depending on the kind of nutrient. The nutrient intakes differed significantly among the group of different eating behavior. The eating behavior was significantly correlated with the nutrient intake.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate dietary life related to sodium of participants in hypertension and diabetes preventive education at the public health center located in Incheon Metropolitan City. Subjects were comprised of 301 adults (males: 102, female: 199) of age 50 years and above. The questionnaire for dietary life and salty taste assessment were performed on the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS package (ver. 18.0). According to the result of questionnaire for dietary behavior, 70% of the subjects were in the low salt intake group (p<0.001). In the result of questionnaire for dietary frequency, all ages groups were in the low salt intake group (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary behavior showed that the subjects of age above 75 years preferred salted seafood, soup, and kimchi (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary frequency showed that the subjects of age between 65 and 74, least chose fried kimchi, noodle, and soybean paste soup with clams (p<0.05), and the healthy adult groups chose kimchi stew, ssam and ssamjang (p<0.05). The score for dietary behavior in male subjects was higher than female subjects (p<0.01). In particular, the score for dietary frequency was the lowest in the subjects of age between 65 and 74 (p<0.01). The mean value of salty taste assessment in the subjects was 0.41% which is higher than the ideal value of 0.3% (p<0.01). Offering more nutrition education and continuous feedback of healthcare center may be needed to improve the health status of the adults.