• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.702-712
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an unsharp masking algorithm using Laplacian as a weight map for the signal structure and a gamma transformation algorithm using image mean intensity as a weight map for mean intensity. The conventional weight map based on the patch has a disadvantage in that the brightness in the image is shifted to one side in the signal structure and the mean intensity region. So the detailed information is lost. In this paper, we improved the detail using unsharp masking of patch unit and proposed linearly combined the gamma transformed values using the average brightness values of the global and local images. Through the proposed algorithm, the detail information such as edges are preserved and the subjective image quality is improved by adjusting the brightness of the light. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm show better performance than conventional algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare postpartum symptoms of 528 women by age groups and delivery method through health questionnaires of postpartum care center. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2018, we statistically compared the 528 women's postpartal symptoms who divided into 4 age groups using SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: There were no differences in weight changes, gestational age and degree of subjective discomfort by age (p>.05). On the other hand, parity, fetal weight and delivery method were statistically associated with age (p<.05). Especially the rate of cesarean delivery was increased with age. Degree of feeling dyspepsia and edema was higher in cesarean section delivery group (p<.05). Also, as the weight increased by 1 kg during pregnancy, the degree of feeling postnatal edema increased by 0.204 (β=0.204, t=4.204, p<.05). Conclusion: This study showed that age itself will not affect postpartum symptoms alone. Instead it is necessary to consider post-cesarean delivery symptoms for advanced maternal age.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the subjective degree of fatigue, the degree of fatigue depending on constitution, and the factors related to fatigue in middle-aged women. Method: Data were collected from 51 patients, registered at Oriental Medicine Hospital in J-city and K-city respectively. The instrument used in this study were the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue and the Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ. Data analysis was done SPSS Result: The characteristics of constitution in middle-aged women could be divided into three: twenty six people of Soeumin, thirteen people of Taeumin, and twelve people of Soyangin. The degree of fatigue in middle-aged women: the average score 30.61 out of the total score 40. Subdivision of fatigue scores: common fatigue degree 7.71, distress due to fatigue 7.67, degree of daily activity fatigue 7.43, and fatigue frequency in the previous week 7.84. There were significant differences in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution in middle-aged women(p=.033). This study revealed weight, exercise, and drinking are important factors that can exert influence on the degree of fatigue. Also, there was a big difference in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution. Conclusion: In conclusion, fatigue is one of the difficult problems with middle-aged women. And this study revealed that change in the weight(especially loss of weight), physical exercise, and drinking are important factors that can exert influence on the degree of fatigue. Also, there was a big difference in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution. Therefore it is necessary to develop Korean nursing intervention to providing an appropriate environment where there is the harmony of the dual principles of the negative and positive, and patients can be taken care of properly.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.2 s.18
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

This study identifies various risk factors associated with activities of early construction stage, then establishes the Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS) by classifying the risks into the three groups; Common risks, risks for Earth works, and risks for Foundation works. The Common risks are identified and classified by considering various aspects of the early construction stage such as financial, political, constructional aspects, etc. The risks for Earth works and Foundation works are identified in detail by surveying technical specifications, relevant claim cases and interviewing with experts. These risks are classified based on the Wok Breakdown Structure(WBS) of the early construction stage. The WBS presented in this study classifies the works of early construction stage into four categories; excavation, sheeting works, foundation works, footing works. This study suggests a risk analysis method using fuzzy theory for construction projects. Construction risks are generally evaluated as vague linguistic value by subjective decision making. Fuzzy theory is a proper method to quantify vague conditions of construction activities. Therefore, this study utilizes fuzzy theory to analyse construction risks. The weight of risks is estimated by reflecting the interrelationship among risk factors from absolute weights obtained by fuzzy measure into the relative weights by Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). The interrelationship is estimated by Sugeno-fuzzy measure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.775-781
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the distribution of the garment pressure in daily wearing and in ordinary posture. Ninety-nine college women students majoring the fashion were participated for this study. IBP questionnaire, garment pressure, personal preferring pressure sensations(questionnaire), and subjective garment pressure sensations were measured. There were no significant differences between the data of 2003 and those of 2005. Participants preferred T-shirts and jeans and also preferred slightly fitted style to the loose style. They were classified with the high garment pressure group and the low garment pressure group. Garment pressure from lower garments were usually higher in the high garment pressure group than in the low garment pressure group. There was no significant differences in the upper garments weights between two groups. The lower garments weight of the high garment pressure group showed $533.3{\pm}182.11g/m^2$ and that of the low garment pressure group was $453.4{\pm}181.6g/m^2$. There was a significant difference in the lower garments weight between two groups(p<.01). In a standing posture, there were no significant differences among the distribution of garment pressure. There was a significant garment pressure differences between sitting on a chair and sitting on the floor(p<.001). Participants included in the low garment pressure group felt a higher garment pressure than participants included in the high garment pressure group.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

This study aims to establish an approach to assess urban flood vulnerability by identifying social characteristics such as the road transportation and the vulnerable groups. Assessment procedures comprise three steps as: (1) composing the assessment criteria to reflect the urban characteristics; (2) calculating the weight; and (3) evaluating the vulnerability. The criteria were adopted by Delphi survey technique. Four criteria as land cover, residents, vulnerable areas, and disaster response were adopted in the current study. To determine the weight set of criteria, subjective and objective methods were combined. The weight set was determined using the combined method which reflects the Delphi method and Entropy analysis. In the process of data-based construction, GIS tools wwere used to extract administrative unit materials such as land cover, road status, and slope. Data on population and other social criteria were collected through the National Statistical Office and the Seoul Metropolitan statistical data. TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique, which uses materials from cell units in order to rank the closest distance to the best case and the farthest distance from the worst case by calculating the distances to the area of assessment, was applied to assess. The study area was the Dorimcheon basin, a flood special treatment area of Seoul city. The results from the current study indicates that the established urban flood vulnerability assessment approach is able to predict the inherent vulnerable factors in urban regions and to propose the area of priority control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2021

Recent drought events in the South Korea and the magnitude of drought losses indicate the continuing vulnerability of the agricultural drought. Various studies have been performed on drought hazard assessment at the regional scales, but until recently, drought management has been response oriented with little attention to mitigation and preparedness. A vulnerability assessment is introduced in order to preemptively respond to agricultural drought and to predict the occurrence of drought. This paper presents a method for spatial, Geographic Information Systems-based assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability in South Korea. It was hypothesized that the key 14 items that define agricultural drought vulnerability were meteorological, agricultural reservoir, social, and adaptability factors. Also, this study is to analyze agricultural drought vulnerability by comparing vulnerability assessment according to weighting method. The weight of the evaluation elements is expressed through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which includes subjective elements such as surveys, and the Entropy method using attribute information of the evaluation items. The agricultural drought vulnerability map was created through development of a numerical weighting scheme to evaluate the drought potential of the classes within each factor. This vulnerability assessment is calculated the vulnerability index based on the weight, and analyze the vulnerable map from 2015 to 2019. The identification of agricultural drought vulnerability is an essential step in addressing the issue of drought vulnerability in the South Korea and can lead to mitigation-oriented drought management and supports government policymaking.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Pediatric patients in low-income countries are at a high risk of malnutrition. Numerous screening tools have been developed to detect the risk of malnutrition, including the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids). However, anthropometry remains the main tool for assessing malnutrition. We aimed to identify the value of four nutritional screening tools versus anthropometry for evaluating the nutritional status of children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,000 children aged 1-12 years who visited the outpatient clinic of Cairo University Pediatric Hospital. Each participant was evaluated using anthropometric measurements (weight, length/height, and weight for length/height) as well as the PYMS, STAMP, STRONGkids, and SGNA screening tools. The sensitivities and specificities of these four tools were assessed using anthropometry as the gold standard. Results: Of the patients, 1.7% were underweight, 10.2% were wasted, and 35% were stunted. STRONGkids demonstrated the highest sensitivity (79.4%) and a high specificity (80.2%) for detecting malnutrition compared with weight for height, followed by STAMP, which demonstrated lower sensitivity (73.5%) but higher specificity (81.4%). PYMS demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (66.7%) and the highest specificity (93.5%), whereas SAGA demonstrated higher sensitivity (77.5%) and lower specificity (85.4%) than PYMS. Conclusion: The use of nutritional screening tools to evaluate the nutritional status of children is valuable and recommended as a simple and rapid method for identifying the risk of malnutrition in pediatric patients.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.294-303
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• 2012

This study was designed to develop air force mechanic parka, evaluate it, and ultimately provide functionally superior parka to the air force. The development process was 1) conducting a survey, 2) identifying problems and shortcomings of currently-supplied parkas, and 3) improving the design, pattern and materials. The newly-developed parkas were evaluated in terms of their ease of fit, clothing mobility, and insulation. Ease of fit was evaluated by subjects' sensory tests, and clothing mobility was by fitness-for-motion tests and range-of-motion tests using a Goniometer. Evaluation on insulation was conducted by thermal manikins. Findings of this study were as follows: 1. In the subjective evaluation on clothing mobility, new parkas were considered to have sufficient ease of fit while previous ones scored much lower, confirming the improvement of the new version. 2. Both subjective tests and ROM measurements on fitness for motion verified the superiority of the new parkas. 3. Insulation tests found that although insulation capability of newly-developed parkas was at a similar level to those of the previous ones, their insulation capability per unit weight was superior, demonstrating that new parkas were better at blocking heat conduction. When making changes in parka patterns and designs to enhance the mobility, it was necessary to maintain the insulation function. The new parkas developed by this study was verified to be superior to the previous ones in their insulation and clothing mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.57-66
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the tactile sensation and mechanical properties of towel. Six kinds of towels with different surface structure and fiber composition were used for this study. To evaluate the tactility of towel, 36 adjectives were collected and then 11 adjectives were selected. The subjective evaluation was examined by one to one comparative method and by blind test for estimating the only the sense of touch of the towels. Kawabata's Evaluation system for fabrics was used to measure the mechanical properties which are tensile, bending, shear, compression, surface, weight, and thickness of six towels. The results are as follows; First, surface structure of the towels had an effect on estimation the sense of touch. Pile surface was evaluated thicker, compacter, more cushiony, and more elastic. Waffle surface was evaluated knottier and rougher, and microfiber suede surface was evaluated softer and denser. Second, the highest value of the mechanical properties measured were G, 2HG, B, and SMD of 100% cotton 100% pile, WC, T, and W of elban loop pile, WT, 2HB, and LC of 100% cotton cut pile, RT and MIU of microfiber suede, and RC of microfiber waffle. Third, the 11 adjectives were correlated with more than one mechanical property. 'Knotty' and 'rough' were correlated with MMD and SMD, 'soft' were correlated with B, 2HB, MMD, and SMD. 'Thick', 'heavy', 'compact', and 'elastic' were correlated with WC, T, and W, 'cushiony' was correlated with WC. 'Stiff' was correlated with B and 2HB, 'dry out' was correlated with RT, WC, MIU, and T. 'Dense' was correlated with RT and SMD.