• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors. Subjects of the study consisted of 132 Montessori teachers and 50 infants who were attending Montessori home school throughout the whole country, using census method. Infant's age ranged from 6 to 24 months. Data were analysed by using SAS 8.2 PC program. Statistical methods employed were frequency, Cronbach's alpha, Kappa coefficient, test-retest correlation, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's alpha of 6 sub-scales included physical, creativity, practical life, sense, language, and cognitive education, which ranged from .70 to .86. And the! correlation of the test/re-test was .72. The correlation between the 6 sub-scales of Infant-Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the total scores of 6 items ranged from .06 to .84. Therefore, the construct validity of Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales was verified. The Kappa coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .76. The correlation between the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist(K-CTC) and the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales showed non-significant levels of .16 and .12 respectively. Conclusively, Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors were verified through the above reliability and validity tests. Specifically the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales showed the relationship of the convergent and divergent validity with the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.39-53
• /
• 2002

This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitude toward euthanasia of EMT and nursing students and to compare their attitude before and after clinical practice. The convenience sample was comprised of 40 first grade and 40 second grade EMT students attended at G college in G-city, and 40 first grade and 40 third grade nursing students attended at C college in C-province. The variable was tested with an euthanasia attitude scale developed by Kim Ae Kyoung(2001). The valid responses were obtained and analyzed by using SPSS PC+ from November 25 to December 6, 2002. The results showed that most of the respondents agreed to have positive attitude toward euthanasia in terms of client's right and client's quality of life. Also, they thought that euthanasia should be legalized and the right to die with dignity should be guaranteed. The EMT respondents having a clinical experience showed significantly higher score than respondents having no experience in the subarea of medical ethics, and nursing respondents who had a clinical practice showed significantly higher score than others no experience in the subarea of quality of life. But, the other sub-areas had no significant difference between the respondents before and after clinical practice. The attitude toward euthanasia composed of sub-areas such as being after the quality of life, having a high regard for a life and recognizing client's right was not affected by the single factor of clinical practice. Therefore, much supportive intervention need to be done for the students about the significant affecting factors found in this study like a religion, values, education and observing experience of someone's death.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2004

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted to examine the levels of distress, state anxiety, and physiologic responses in postoperative patients under patient controlled analgesia (PCA), and to determine correlations among the variables. Method: The study sample included women who underwent an elective hysterectomy procedure or other gynecologic surgeries(N=100). Subjective distress was assessed by visual analog scales around 8 hours postoperatively. Trained nurses collected objective distress data through observation of subject's behavior and vital signs. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and the Scheffe post test using SPSS/PC 11.0. Result: Subjective distress, objective distress, and state anxiety scores were relatively low, except pain scores(5.31 out of 10.0) among sub-scales of subjective distress. Women who had a total abdominal hysterectomy showed significantly higher levels of both subjective distress and state anxiety than those after a minor gynecologic surgery. In relationships among variables, subjective distress correlated positively with postoperative state anxiety, but not with the amount of analgesic medication, verified by further analysis on sub-scales of subjective and objective distress. The higher the levels of state anxiety, the higher the levels of tension, dyspnea, facial change, and systolic blood pressure observed. Conclusion: Regardless of effective pain management, most postoperatively experienced distress in gynecological patients was derived from surgery associated anxiety and pain. Specific psychological strategies should be established as well for those with high levels of state anxiety to facilitate prompt recovery.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2020

Objectives This study is carried out to investigate the effects of Lonicera japonica in wound-induced rats. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups; normal (Nor), control (Veh), positive comparison (PC), Lonicera japonica 100 mg/kg (LL), Lonicera japonica 200 mg/kg (LH), each n=8. Total polyphenol and flavonoid were quantified. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activation were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in serum. Antioxidant factors and inflammatory factors were measured in skin tissue, and also hydroxyproline content. Skin tissue was analyzed by Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results Total polyphenol and flavonoid were 32.86±0.14 mg/g and 67.17±0.57 mg/g. The IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activation were 26.69±1.50 ㎍/mL and 49.33±4.52 ㎍/mL. ROS was significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly higher in LH group and higher in LL group but not significant. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), catalase, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were significantly higher in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), phosphorylated iκBα (p-iκBα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Hydroxyproline was significantly higher in LL and LH groups. The histopathologic analysis showed that skin tissue had recovered further more in LL and LH groups than in Veh group. Conclusions These results suggest that Lonicera japonica has the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects in wound-induced rats.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.63-79
• /
• 1985

The purpose of our survey study was to investigate the status on perception and actual state toward science educational evaluation and objectives of middle school science teachers in Pusan. The perception and actual state were surveyed by the questionaire which was developed by Jong-Ok Woo et. al. We developed two kinds of questionaire. One is designed to use Likert type scale and is composed of two main category(SE; Science educational evaluation, SO; Science educational objectives) which contains 21 question items, and the other has 16 question items From 313 science teacger's responses of 75 middle schools in pusan, the tendency. of total(SE+SO) and each sub category, and the contrast with their background and actual state were analized by SPSS program of KAIST. Some results of our survey study can be summarized as follows; 1. Total tendency of science educational evaluation(SE) and objectives(SO) of middle school science teachers in pusan shows a positive and right tendency of conception in general(m-85.8/100). 2. Tendency of SE(m-87.8/100) are slightly higher than SO(m-81.7/100). At the level of 5% significance, there are correlated but shows low correlation (r=0.12(4). 3. In each correlation toward total tendency(SE+SO), SE is highly correlated(r-0.8486) but SO is moderately correlated(r=0.6297) at the level of 0.1% significance. 4. Tendencies of 5sub category (PE, PC, PD, PO, PB) shows considerably right tendencies (m=$73.4/100{\sim}92.7/100$), there are moderately correlated foward total tendency(SE+SO) at the level of 0.1% significance (r=$0.49{\sim}0.60$). 5. At the level of 5%significance, total means are no differences which their background(Sex, Final alma mate, Major, Difference of training), but there is differences to teaching career at the level of 5% significance.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.7 no.2_3
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2013

In this study, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogues, DOTA-Ala($SO_3H$)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-sBBN) and DOTA-Lys(glucose)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-gluBBN), were synthesized and radiolabeled, and their binding affinities were evaluated. Peptides were prepared by a solid phase synthesis method and their purities were over 98%. DOTA is the chelating agent for $^{177}Lu$-labeling, and the DOTA-conjugated peptides were radiolabeled with $^{177}Lu$ by a high radiolabeling yield (>98%). The Log P values of DOTA-sBBN and DOTA-gluBBN were -2.20 and -2.79, respectively. 50.41% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and 72.97% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN were left undegraded by the serum incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. A competitive displacement of $^{125}I-[Tyr^4]$-BBN on the PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells revealed that 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) were 1.46 nM of DOTA-sBBN and 4.67 nM of DOTA-gluBBN indicating a highly nanomolar binding affinity for GRPR. Therefore, it is concluded that $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN can be potential candidates as a targeting modality for the Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-over-expressing tumors, and further studies to evaluate their biological and pharmacological characteristics are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stresses to female university students and their habits of dealing with stresses through drinking alcohol and smoking. Methods : Subjects, 313 students, were selected through convenience sampling method from the 2 four-year universities in Chonbuk and Chonnam province from May to June, 2005. Data were collected through the structured questionnaires that include general characteristics, Quantity Frequency methods, the number of cigarette per day, campus stress scale, and stress coping style scale, and they were analyzed by Cronbach' alpha, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test by using SPSS/PC⁺ program. Results: In this study, 80% of subjects have drunk alcohol. The mean frequency of drinking alcohol per month was 4.68 times and the mean number of alcohol consumption amount per drinking 6.16 glasses. The rate of smoking was 13.7%, and the mean number smoking cigarette per day in the previous month was 12.4. The mean score of stress was 2.20. Among 8 sub-factors of stress, study related stress scored highest among the sub-factors. The mean score of coping styles was 2.50. Among 4 coping styles, hopeful thought was mostly used. Among stresses, the concern of one's future affected her drinking habits. Faculty relationship, academic problem, and value affected smoking habits. Hopeful thought comes out to affect smoking, while drinking, perceived health status, and practice time showed no relationship with coping style. Conclusion: Based on the results, developing a life stress counseling program and effective coping program for women's university students is imperative, especially for those of who show passive attitude toward stress and solve it emotionally instead of using problem-oriented methods. Also, it will be necessary to study further nursing intervention to curb university females' drinking alcohol and smoking.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2019

Ni hydroxides ($Ni(OH)_2$) are synthesized on Ni foam by varying the hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) concentration using an electrodeposition process for pseudocapacitor (PC) applications. In addition, the effects of HMT concentration on the $Ni(OH)_2$ structure and the electrochemical properties of the PCs are investigated. HMT is the source of amine-based $OH^-$ in the solution; thus, the growth rate and morphological structure of $Ni(OH)_2$ are influenced by HMT concentration. When $Ni(OH)_2$ is electrodeposited at a constant voltage mode of -0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the cathodic current and the number of nucleations are significantly reduced with increasing concentration of HMT from 0 to 10 mM. Therefore, $Ni(OH)_2$ is sparsely formed on the Ni foam with increasing HMT concentration, showing a layered double-hydroxide structure. However, loosely packed $Ni(OH)_2$ grains that are spread on Ni foam maintain a much greater surface area for reaction and result in the effective utilization of the electrode material due to the steric hindrance effect. It is suggested that the $Ni(OH)_2$ electrodes with HMT concentration of 7.5 mM have the maximum specific capacitance (1023 F/g), which is attributed to the facile electrolyte penetration and fast proton exchange via optimized surface areas.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.29-43
• /
• 2021

In this study, two-step statistical approach including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was employed, and main meteorological factors explaining the high-PM2.5 episodes were identified in two regions: Seoul and Busan. We first performed PCA to isolate the Principal Component (PC) that is linear combination of the meteorological variables observed at two levels: surface and 850 hPa level. The employed variables at surface are: temperature (T2m), wind speed, sea level pressure, south-north and west-east wind component and those at 850 hPa upper level variables are: south-north (v850) and west-east (u850) wind component and vertical stability. Secondly we carried out MLR analysis and verified the relationships between PM2.5 daily mean concentration and meteorological PCs. Our two-step statistical approach revealed that in Seoul, dominant factors for influencing the high PM2.5 days are mainly composed of upper wind characteristics in winter including positive u850 and negative v850, indicating that continental (or Siberian) anticyclone had a strong influence. In Busan, however, the dominant factors in explanaining in high PM2.5 concentrations were associated with high T2m and negative u850 in summer. This is suggesting that marine anticyclone had a considerable effect on Busan's high PM2.5 with high temperature which is relevant to the vigorous photochemical secondary generation. Our results of both differences and similarities between two regions derived from only statistical approaches imply the high-PM2.5 episodes in Korea show their own unique characteristics and seasonality which are mostly explainable by two layer (surface and upper) mesoscale meteorological variables.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.508-514
• /
• 2016

Effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri) extract against high $glucose/H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress and in vitro neurodegeneration were investigated to confirm the physiological property of the extract. The ethyl acetate fraction of gomchwi extract showed the highest total phenolic contents than the other solvent fractions. An anti-hyperglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was evaluated using the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was found to be $727.64{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction showed excellent 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of malondialdehyde production. The ethyl acetate fraction also decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species, whereas neuronal cell viability against high glucose/$H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity was found to be increased. Finally, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid as a main phenolic compound in the ethyl acetate fraction was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that gomchwi might be a good natural source of functional materials to prevent diabetic neurodegeneration.